斑马鱼粗线期二价体高分辨多重带模式图构建

采用碱性低渗结合高氯仿固定法, 由斑马鱼(Danio rerio)初级精母细胞获得了分散良好的减数分裂粗线期二价染色体分裂相, 且二价体上具有高分辨多重带, 其带纹特征和数目相对稳定, 重复性好. 参照人类细胞遗传学的国际命名法体制, 构建了斑马鱼粗线期二价染色体599条带纹的高分辨带模式图, 并对每条二价体进行了区带划分, 描述了其识别要点.     

内江猪染色体G带及其定量分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养技术和胰酶法对内江猪染色体进行了G显带,并运用扫描显微分光光度法对染色体G带进行了系统的定量分析,获得了染色体核型及G带带纹的精确数据。包括每条单倍染色体的着丝粒指数、长度、面积、积分光密度;每条G带深染带纹的宽度、面积、积分光密度、带峰值等,并绘出了带吸收光密度柱形图和消光三维图。     

草鱼和团头鲂染色体G带带型的研究

本文报道了经改进的胰酶一步法和放线菌素D(AMD-BSG)法所显示的鱼类染色体G带。采用草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)的血淋巴细胞和肾细胞进行短期培养。血淋巴细胞的空气干燥制片,用胰酶一步法处理,显示出细致清晰的染色体G带。培养的肾细胞在收集前1-1.5h,1.5—2h,2.5—3h,用最终浓度为2μg/ml的AMD(actiomycin D)处理,其气干制片在HCI和Ba(OH)_2中处理,经2×SSC温育,Giemsa染色,获得了良好的染色体G带。在前中期或早中期的一个细胞单倍体组的染色体显带能达200多条带纹,结果较稳定,反差明显,图象清晰。根据实验结果初步绘制了草鱼和团头鲂的G带模式图。     

山荆子染色体中期G带带型的初步研究

本文报道了胰酶法对山荆子中期染色体的G带诱导。经过技术上的一些改良,再大部分染色体上的带带纹较为明显。进行染色体处理时,获得某一时期的大量分裂相是诱导G带的关键措施之一。针对植物染色体的高度浓缩性,采用先高温处理后再进行胰酶消化,可提高G带显示的成功率。     

鱼类染色体G—显带的Brd U—BSG方法及白鲢G—带模式图的初步建立

本文报道了一种显示鱼类染色体G-带的BrdU-BsG方法。采用肾细胞短期培养,收获前12小时加入BrdU,使终浓度为10μg/ml。制片经HCl、Ba(OH)_2处理,4×SSC温育。Giemsa染色,显示出白鲢的G-带。其带纹细致清晰,一个细胞的单倍染色体上显示带纹达200条以上,是目前已报道的鱼类多重带中带纹最多的,且反差明显,带纹有特征性,结果较稳定。根据实验结果初步建立了白鲢的G-带模式图。     

家猪减数分裂粗线期二价体与有丝分裂中期染色体的比较研究

以性成熟公猪睾丸和外周血为材料,采用长低渗、高氯仿卡诺固定液固定和外周血细胞培养制备减数分裂粗线期二价体和有丝分裂中期染色体,通过对二价体和有丝分裂中期染色体分裂指数和长度的比较研究,发现二价体的分裂指数和长度分别是有丝分裂中期染色体的5倍和3．42倍（1．87～5．98）;同时以12号染色体为例,比较了二价体上的染色粒结构带与有丝分裂中期染色体G－带,表明染色粒结构带比中期染色体G－带纹丰富,而与早中期G－带带织吻合。     

孟氏裂头绦虫染色体G分带和G带定量分析

本文应用胰酶法对孟氏裂头绦虫染色体作G分带研究,获得比较清晰的G带带纹。并运用显微分 光光度计对G带带纹进行了扫描定量分析。     

植物染色体G带及螺旋的研究

本文报道了采用胰酶,尿素,SDS和NaOH原位诱导黑麦,小麦和蚕豆染色体G带和螺旋的结果,所得的G带带纹众多,分布于整个染色体上,带纹数目与染色体收缩程度相关,个别细胞的同源染色体带纹可以配对,一些晚前期染色体的带纹已达高分辨水平,G显带处理时间过长,染色体螺旋结构往往被诱导出来,螺纹数与染色体收缩程序有关,螺旋方向具有多样性,本文还首次报道了植物染色体G带到螺旋的转化现象,在光镜下显G带的染色体在扫描电镜下呈现出螺旋的特征,作者还对植物染色体G带与螺旋的关系作了初步的讨论。     

玉米染色体G-带ASG法显带的研究

两个自交系的根尖染邑体经ASG法处理显出了G-带。王米G-带沿整个染色体长轴分布,是一些密切邻近的多重带纹。无论有丝分裂的晚前期、早中期或中期染色体都有这类带纹。每一对同源染色体的两成员G-带带型基本相似,不同染色体或同一染色体的不同区域带纹具有一定的差异。ASG处理前用α-溴萘或放线菌素D预处理都可显出G-带。本文讨论了玉米G-带与哺乳动物G-带的相似点以及用ASG法进行玉米G-带显带应注意的技术问题。     

植物染色体G带及螺旋的研究

本文报道了采用胰酶,尿素,SDS和NaOH原位诱导黑麦,小麦和蚕豆染色体G带和螺旋的结果,所得的G带带纹众多,分布于整个染色体上,带纹数目与染色体收缩程度相关,个别细胞的同源染色体带纹可以配对,一些晚前期染色体的带纹已达高分辨水平,G显带处理时间过长,染色体螺旋结构往往被诱导出来,螺纹数与染色体收缩程序有关,螺旋方向具有多样性,本文还首次报道了植物染色体G带到螺旋的转化现象,在光镜下显G带的染色体在扫描电镜下呈现出螺旋的特征,作者还对植物染色体G带与螺旋的关系作了初步的讨论。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。