湘西地区木通果实微量元素的测定

采用马弗炉干法灰化消化样品,火馅原子吸收法连续测定白木通Akebia trifoliata var.australis (Cieli._Kehd、三叶木通A.trifoliata(Thumb.)Koidz、木通A.quinata Decne.果实中微量金属元素,检测出K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu等8种元素含量。3种植物果实中K,Ca,Mg含量较高(＞0．1000mg/g),其中K元素远高于其他元素,Na,Cu含量较低(＜0．0100mg/g)。Fe,Zn,Mn的含量处于中等水平。白木通果实中K,Me,Zn,Mn 4种矿质元素高于三叶木通和木通。木通果实中Ca,Fe两种元素稍高于白木通、三叶木通。Na,Cu两种微量元素在3种果实中含量基本相拟。     

江苏东山山地枇杷果实品质与果园土壤、叶片和果实矿质元素的关系

以江苏省苏州吴中区山地种植的24个枇杷果园的‘白玉’枇杷为研究对象,采用典型相关分析法研究土壤、叶片和果实矿质元素间及其与果实品质指标的相关性,应用多元线性回归分析法筛选影响枇杷果实品质的土壤、叶片和果实的主要矿质元素和影响叶片矿质元素的主要土壤矿质养分因子,为改善枇杷果实品质的果园营养管理技术提供理论参考依据。结果表明:(1)枇杷果实品质指标在不同果园间存在较大差异。(2)枇杷果实品质主要受其叶片和果实矿质元素含量影响,其中:枇杷单果质量与叶片中N含量呈显著正相关,与果实中N含量呈显著负相关;可溶性固形物含量与叶片中N和Mg元素含量呈极显著正相关,与果实中P、Mn元素含量呈极显著正相关,与果实中Ca、Mg元素含量呈极显著负相关;可滴定酸含量与叶片中N和Zn元素含量呈显著负相关,与果实中N、Mn元素含量呈显著负相关,与果实中Ca元素含量呈显著正相关。(3)果实品质指标与土壤矿质养分含量的相关性较弱,土壤矿质养分主要通过影响叶片矿质元素含量,进而间接影响果实品质,其中土壤中P、K、Ca、Mn、Cu元素对叶片中矿质元素含量影响较大。研究认为,提高土壤中P、K、Zn含量并减少土壤Ca含量是东山山地枇杷果园土壤管理的关键技术途径;提高叶片中N含量以及果实中N、P、Mn含量和减少果实中Ca、Mg含量是改善东山山地枇杷果实品质的关键措施。     

红花对土壤矿质元素的吸收和积累

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)检测红花不同部位和时期以及栽培土壤中K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ba、Ni和Al元素的含量。结果表明:红花各部位矿质元素含量差异明显。在红花各不同部位中K、Fe、Zn元素在幼苗中含量最高,Ca、Mg元素在成熟叶中含量最高,Cu元素在种子中含量最高;而K和Ca元素在种子中含量最低,Mg、Fe、Cu和Zn元素分别在花、茎、成熟叶和茎中含量最低。红花的幼苗和花对K元素吸收积累明显,幼苗和种子对Cu元素吸收积累明显,Ca元素在成熟叶中积累较多,相应元素含量远比土壤中相应的元素含量高。红花对土壤不同矿质元素的吸收利用差异较大,在长期栽培红花的土壤中应注意对吸收利用多的元素结合施肥进行补充。     

刺三加叶组成成分与质量分析

为评价刺三加这一药食两用植物,对刺三加叶中的粗灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪等部分营养成分与K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、P、Zn、Na和Cu等部分矿质元素及活性成分(绿原酸和总黄酮)进行了测定分析。结果表明:刺三加叶中的粗灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白及粗脂肪的含量分别为:2.75%、2.34%、4.63%和4.13%,与6种常见蔬菜相比较,是6种常见蔬菜的2~10倍;K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、P、Zn、Na和Cu等矿质元素含量分别为:516.00、1061.00、86.58、8.13、4.18、156.12、9.61、8.27和0.044(mg/100 g);与6种常见蔬菜比较后发现除Na和Cu元素含量略低于6种常见蔬菜外,其它成分均相当或高于6种常见蔬菜,其中K、P、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn是6种常见蔬菜的4~15倍;刺三加叶还含有丰富的药用活性成分黄酮和绿原酸,黄酮含量为4.06%,绿原酸含量为3.72%,证明刺三加是一种极具开发利用价值的药食两用植物。该研究为刺三加这一植物的开发利用提供一定的理论依据。     

水位变化对三峡库区消落带狗牙根种群营养特征的影响

为探讨三峡库区大尺度、反季节水位变化对消落带狗牙根种养元素吸收和分配特征的影响, 分别测定了三个样带的营养元素含量。结果表明: 根、茎、叶中大量元素含量顺序为N>K>P, 中量元素含量顺序为Ca>S>Mg, 微量元素为Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn。根系对K、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Zn 的吸收均被促进, 而对P 和Ca 的吸收被显著抑制, 低水位根系对N、Cu 的吸收也被显著促进。高水位茎和叶中N、P、K、Mg、S、Cu 的含量呈降低趋势, Ca、Fe、Mn 含量呈显著增大趋势, 且茎中Zn 含量也呈增加趋势。随着水位的降低N、P、K、Mg、S、Zn 含量显著增加, 在叶片中的含量显著大于根、茎, 而Fe、Mn、Cu 表现出主要向茎分布的趋势, 且Ca 在叶中的分配显著被抑制, 而在茎中的分配被促进。随着水位降低新叶中N、P、K、Mg、S 的含量明显高于老叶, 而Fe、Ca、Mn、Zn 和Cu 则相反。随着分枝级数增大N、P、K 的含量呈递增趋势, Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn 呈递减趋势, 而Mg、S 含量呈“∨”形变化。因此, 库区水位已导致消落狗牙根种群营养特征发生显著的变化。     

浙江雪胆几种金属元素分布及其与土壤养分之间的关系

对浙江雪胆各器官主要金属元素分布及其与土壤养分之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明,1)浙江雪胆原生土壤中Fe元素的含量最高,其次是K元素,Mn和Zn含量较低;2)植物的各器官中,均以K元素含量最高,其次是Ca和Mg,微量元素Fe、Mn和Zn含量均相对较低;3)Fe、Mn和Zn 3种微量元素均以根中含量为最高,Mg和Ca元素均以块茎中较高,K则以叶中最高;4)同一器官元素分布均呈正相关,而不同器官之间的元素分布整体上呈负相关;5)根中Mg、K和Ca均与土壤元素含量整体上呈负相关,块茎中元素均与土壤元素含量均呈正相关,叶中除Fe元素外,其他元素均与土壤元素含量均呈负相关;6)各器官大量元素的富集系数较高。     

江苏不同产地‘白玉’枇杷果实品质与果实和土壤中矿质元素含量的相关性分析

对江苏高淳、溧阳、镇江和苏州4个产地‘白玉’枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica‘Baiyu’)果实的品质指标和矿质元素含量以及土壤中矿质元素含量进行测定,并据此分析果实和土壤中矿质元素含量与果实品质的相关性。结果表明:不同产地‘白玉’枇杷果实的品质指标及果实和土壤中矿质元素含量均有不同程度差异。溧阳和苏州产果实的单果质量、横径、纵径、可滴定酸含量、含水量和果肉厚度均极显著或显著高于高淳和镇江产果实,但其可溶性固形物含量和固酸比均极显著低于后二者。果实中N、P、K、Mg、Mn和Zn含量均以苏州产果实最高,Ca含量以镇江产果实最高,Na含量以溧阳产果实最高,Fe和Cu含量均以高淳产果实最高;土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Cu和Zn含量均以苏州产地最高,Mg含量以镇江产地最高,Na和Fe含量均以高淳产地最高,Mn含量以镇江和苏州产地最高。相关性分析结果表明:在果实中,除Ca和Fe含量外,其他矿质元素含量与多数果实品质指标均呈极显著或显著相关性;其中,N、P、K和Mn含量与单果质量、横径、种子质量和果肉厚度均呈极显著或显著正相关;N、P、K、Mg和Na含量与可溶性固形物含量和固酸比均呈极显著或显著负相关,与可滴定酸含量和含水量均呈极显著或显著正相关;但Cu含量却与单果质量、横径、果肉厚度、可食率、可滴定酸含量和含水量呈极显著或显著负相关,与可溶性固形物含量和固酸比分别呈显著和极显著正相关。在土壤中,Ca和Cu含量与果实品质指标均无显著相关性,K和Zn含量与固酸比分别呈极显著的正相关和负相关,Mg和Fe含量与多数果实品质指标均呈负相关,且与其中部分果实品质指标呈极显著或显著相关;此外,N含量与单果质量、果肉厚度、可滴定酸含量和含水量,P含量与横径、种子质量、果肉厚度和可滴定酸含量呈显著或极显著正相关。研究结果表明:溧阳和苏州产‘白玉’枇杷果实较大,但可溶性固形物含量较低;果实中N、P、K、Mg和Cu含量以及土壤中N、Mg、Fe、P和Na含量对果实品质均有较大影响。此外,依据研究结果,对实际生产中各元素的施用量提出建议。     

硬肉桃果实成熟前后几种矿质元素的含量变化及其与果实硬度的关系

比较桃品种‘川中岛白桃’和‘双久红’成熟前后20d内果肉硬度与几种矿质元素之间关系的结果表明：两品种桃在成熟前后20d内,P、Mg、Zn、Cu的含量均持续下降,N、Fe、Mn的含量则均呈上升趋势。相关分析表明,果实硬度与P、Mg、Zn、Cu的含量呈极显著正相关,与N和Fe含量呈极显著负相关;而Mn含量与‘川中岛白桃’果实硬度呈极显著负相关,与‘双久红’果实硬度呈显著负相关。     

干热河谷石漠化区火龙果地不同耕作方式的土壤矿质元素特征

为探讨不同耕作方式的土壤矿质元素含量变化特征,促进火龙果生长发育和品质改良,该研究采用套种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、施用有机肥和化肥与农药、地膜覆盖和无措施五种耕作方式,以每种方式土壤的22种矿质元素为评价指标,比较不同耕作方式的矿质元素含量差异,阐明土壤矿质元素之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)与无措施相比,其他耕作方式的Ca、Si、Mn等元素含量呈增加趋势,Fe、Mg、Al等元素含量则降低,Na含量无显著差异。(2)施用有机肥的矿质元素含量最丰富,地膜覆盖次之,套种紫花苜蓿最低。(3)相关性分析表明,火龙果地土壤矿质元素间多存在显著相关性,Al、Si、S、Ni与其他元素的相关性较密切,其次为Fe、Mg、Na、Mn、Cu和Co,均达到显著或极显著水平。(4) Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn和B之间多呈负相关,存在拮抗效应。干热河谷石漠化区在火龙果栽培时,应首选有机肥作为养分添加方式,并及时补充不同耕作方式造成的土壤矿质养分亏缺,尤其是Fe、Mg、Al、Na、Cu、Zn等元素。     

镉胁迫下草莓幼龄期叶、根矿质元素积累和分布的变化

采用水培实验,研究重金属镉对草莓幼龄期叶、根矿质元素含量和分布的影响。结果表明,高量镉降低草莓根中K、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的积累,叶片相应元素以及B、Mo含量也随镉浓度增大而呈降低趋势;但镉浓度较低时,K、Mg、P、Zn在叶、根中的含量均增加,而后才随镉处理浓度提高而降低。在镉胁迫下,同一元素在草莓叶、根之间的分布也受到影响,而且某些矿质元素含量间有显著相关性。     

珍稀濒危植物矮牡丹体内矿质元素的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了矮牡丹体内的10种矿质元素,即K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb。分析了矿质元素在矮牡丹体内的分布规律及矮牡丹对各种元素的富集能力。结果表明:在不同器官中的矿质元素含量有显著差异, K、Mg、Mn、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb以叶中为高, Fe、Zn、Cu分别以根、茎、叶柄中含量最高;大多数元素在叶柄中含量最低。矮牡丹对K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn有较强的吸收富集能力,一般叶的富集系数较其它器官为高。元素间相关分析表明:Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu之间有显著的相关性, K、Mg之间的相关性显著。此外,土壤与植物体内元素含量表现出显著的相关性。     

水稻籽粒矿质元素含量遗传及主要农艺性状相关性分析

通过了解水稻子粒钙、镁、铜、铁、锌和硒等矿质元素含量,以绿旱1号作为父本与102S、KD36S、7HS012及7HS013不育系为母本进行配组,对父本与杂交后代主要农艺及经济性状、水稻子粒中的矿质元素含量进行了遗传分析,并对各杂交后代的主要农艺性状和子粒中矿质元素含量以及各矿质元素含量间进行了相关性分析.结果表明,杂交后代农艺及经济性状多数表现出超高亲分离现象,且LK3的农艺及经济性状均表现为最好.水稻子粒矿质元素含量与部分农艺和经济性状存在明显的正相关或负相关关系,且K、Mg、Zn、Se等元素含量与水稻产量密切相关.水稻子粒中矿质元素含量大小依次为P＞K ＞Mg ＞S＞ Ca＞ Mn ＞Fe ＞Zn ＞Cu ＞Se,4个杂交后代的K元素含量表现出超高亲分离现象,LK2、LK3和LK4的Fe元素含量也表现出超高亲分离现象.水稻子粒大量与微量元素之间相关性最高,微量元素之间相关性次之,大量元素之间相关性最小,以7HS012不育系为母本得到的杂交后代农艺性状表现较好,矿质元素含量最高,7HS013次之,其他不育系表现一般.本研究为选育出耐旱及营养价值高的水稻新品种母本的选择提供了理论依据.     

Medical application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for assessment of trace element and mineral in biosamples: Laboratory and clinical validity of the method

BackgroundBiomedical application is based on the use of LIBS-derived data on chemical contents of tissues in diagnosis of diseases, forensic investigation, as well as a mechanism for providing online feedback for laser surgery. Although LIBS has certain advantages, the issue of correlation of LIBS-derived data on chemical element content in different human and animal tissues with other methods, and especially ICP-MS, remains pertinent. The objective of the present review was to discuss the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for elemental analysis of human biosamples or tissues from experimental models of human diseases. Methods. A systematic search in the PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the terms laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, metals, trace elements, minerals, and names of particular chemical elements was performed up through 25 February, 2023. Of all extracted studies only those dealing with human subjects, human tissues, in vivo animal and in vitro cell line models of human diseases were reviewed in detail. Results. The majority of studies revealed a wide number of metals and metalloids in solid tissues including teeth (As, Ag, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Ni, P, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, and Zn), bones (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, K, Mg, Na, Pb, Sr), and nails (Al, As, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Pb, Si, Sr, Ti, Zn). At the same time, LIBS was also used for estimation of trace element and mineral content in hair (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn), blood (Al, Ca, Co, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Zn), cancer tissues (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Na, Zn) and other tissues. Single studies revealed satisfactory correspondence between quantitative LIBS and ICP-OES/MS data on the level of As (81–93 %), Pb (94–98 %), Cd (50–94 %) in teeth, Cu (97–105 %), Fe (117 %), Zn (88–117 %) in hair, Ca (97–99 %), Zn (90–95 %), and Pb (61–82 %) in kidney stones. LIBS also estimated specific patterns of trace element and mineral content associated with multiple pathologies, including caries, cancer, skin disorders, and other systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus type 2, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, etc. Data obtained from in situ tissue LIBS analysis were profitably used for discrimination between tissue types. Conclusions. Taken together, the existing data demonstrate the applicability of LIBS for medical studies, although further increase in its sensitivity, calibration range, cross-validation, and quality control is required.     

Mineral Elements in Root of Wild Saposhnikovia divaricata and Its Rhizosphere Soil

Mineral elements are important components of medicinal herbs, and their concentrations are affected by many factors. In this study, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations in wild Saposhnikovia divaricata and its rhizosphere soil collected from seven locations at two different times in China were measured, and influences of rhizosphere soil on those minerals in plant were evaluated. The results showed that mean concentrations of eight minerals in plant samples decreased in the order: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu, and those in the soil samples followed the following order: Na > Fe > Ca > K > Mg > Mn > Zn > Cu. Mean concentrations of Ca, Na, Mg, and K in plants were higher than those in soils, while higher mean concentrations of the other four minerals were found in soils. It was found that there was a positive correlation of Mg, Na, and Cu concentrations in the plant with those in the soil respectively, but a negative correlation of Mn concentration in plant with that in the soil. Except Ca, K, and Mn, the other five minerals in plant were all directly affected by one or more chemical compositions of soil. The results also indicate that pH value and concentrations of total nitrogen, Mg, Mn, and Cu in soil had significant correlations with multimineral elements in plant. In a word, mineral elements uptake of S. divaricata can be changed by adjusting the soil fertility levels to meet the need of appropriate quality control of S. divaricata.     

Determination of the mineral elements in the pollen of some Gymnospermae

In this work the principal elements (K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Na) constituting the mineral component of the pollen in some Gymnospermae, have been determined. This type of investigation has few matches in literature despite the importance some mineral elements have in germinating the pollen granule. The pollen samples, appropriately treated, were analysed in atomic absorption spectrophotometry and biometrically characterized under the optical microscope. Examination of the analytical data allows verification of the great influence deriving from soil characteristics and, within the families, a specific role of the type. The morphobiometric parameters show that a link exists between small and medium granules and with thin walls and minimum concentration values of Na, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn.     

Cold-induced changes in mineral content in leaves of Coffea spp. Identification of descriptors for tolerance assessment

Temperature and mineral nutrition are major environmental factors regulating plant growth and development. Yet, cold impact on mineral contents and the ability of the plants to perform changes in specific elements as a part of the acclimation process received little attention. Using five Coffea genotypes previously characterized concerning their cold sensitivity, a mineral analysis was performed considering macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micro (Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B) nutrients in order to predict their importance in cold tolerance. The results showed a cold-induced dynamics of mineral nutrients in recently mature leaves. The less cold sensitive Icatu, and partially Catuaí, accumulated N, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn with potential implications in the maintenance of photosynthetic performance, the reinforcement of the antioxidative defense system, lipid metabolism, and the expression of cold regulated genes, thus constituting interesting traits to evaluate the cold acclimation ability. After a principal component analysis (PCA), N, Fe, Mn, and Cu were further confirmed as strong candidates for an early cold tolerance evaluation due to their dynamics and to specific roles in the activities of Cu/Zn-SOD (Cu), APX (Fe), and PSII (Mn).     

The Effect of Age on 12 Chemical Element Contents in the Intact Prostate of Adult Men Investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

The effect of age on 12 chemical element contents in intact prostate of 64 apparently healthy, 13-60-year-old men (mean age 36.5 years) was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) for mass fraction (milligrams/kilogram, on dry weight basis) of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn were: Ba 1.18 ± 0.12, Ca 2,178 ± 160, Cu 10.7 ± 0.9, Fe 122 ± 5, K 12,530 ± 360, Mg 1,100 ± 70, Na 10,470 ± 320, P 7,580 ± 300, S 8,720 ± 180, Sr 1.85 ± 0.28, and Zn 782 ± 97, respectively. The upper limit of mean content of V was ≤0.22 mg/kg. A tendency of age-related increase in Ca, Fe, Na, and Zn mass fraction as well an increase in Zn/Ba, Zn/Ca, Zn/Cu, Zn/Fe, Zn/K, Zn/Mg, Zn/Na, Zn/P, Zn/S, and Zn/Sr ratios in prostate was observed. A significant positive correlation was seen between the prostatic zinc and Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, and P contents.     

秦艽药材及其生长土壤中无机元素含量特征及相关性分析

该研究采用原子吸收分光光度法和火焰光度法,测定云南20个种植地的秦艽及其生长土壤中无机元素的含量,探讨药材中无机元素分布特征,并对药材中无机元素含量与土壤中无机元素含量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：云南秦艽药材无机元素的含量呈现K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu有规律的分布态势;通过相关性分析、主成分分析和逐步回归分析发现秦艽的特征元素为K、Cu、Ca和Zn;药材中钾含量与土壤中锌,钙与土壤中锰和铜,锰与土壤中钙和镁,铜与土壤中钾和锌元素含量间均分别显著负相关;而药材中镁含量与土壤中钙和镁,铁、铜与土壤中铁元素含量间均呈显著正相关。对秦艽各无机元素含量影响最大的因子是秦艽生长土壤有效钙,有效铁和有效锌其次,最后为有效锰。该研究结果为秦艽道地性成因及适宜栽培区域的选择提供了参考,为秦艽资源合理利用和GAP研究以及从无机元素的角度品评药材品质提供了理论依据。