Book Review

LEGGETT, W. F. Ancient and Medieval Dyes. 5 × 8 in. 96 pp. Cloth. Chemical Publishing Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 1944. $2.25.

Microtechnic In General. McCARTNEY, J. E. A new immersion oil “polyric”. J. Path. & Bact., 56, 265-6. 1944.

NICKERSON, MARK. A dry ice freezing unit for rotary microtomes. Science, 100, 177-8. 1944.

Dyes And Thedx Biological Uses. BERGEIM, FRANK H., and BRAKER, WILLIAM. Homosulfanilamides. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 1459. 1944.

CALDWELL, W. T., TYSON, F. T., and LAUER, LOTHAR. Substituted 2-sulfonamido-5-aminopyridines. II. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 1479. 1944.

JOHNS, C. K. Dye concentration in resazurin tablets. Amer. J. Pub. Health, 34, 955-8. 1944.

SMITH, WINSLOW WHITNEY. Relative sensitivity of different phases of growth curve of Bact. salmonicida to alkaline acriflavine. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 56, 240-2. 1844.

VAN ARENDONK, A. M., and SHOULE, H. A. Dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of substituted quinolines and quinaldines. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 1284. 1944.

WHEELER, KEITH, and DEGERING, E. F. Preparation and properties of certain derivatives of sulfamide. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 1242. 1944.

Animal Microtechnic. BOARDMAN, EDWARD T. Methods for collecting ticks for study and delineation. J. Parasitology, 30, 57-9. 1944.

DICKIE, MARGARET M. A new differential stain for mouse pituitary. Science, 100, 297-8. 1944.

GOVAN, A. D. TELFORD. Fat staining by Sudan dyes suspended in watery media. J. Path. & Bact., 56, 262-4. 1944.

LILLIE, R. D., and ASHBURN, L. L. Supersaturated solutions of fat stains in dilute isopropanol for demonstration of acute fatty degenerations not shown by Herxheimer technic. Arch. Path., 36, 432. 1943.

MULLEN, J. P. A convenient and rapid method for staining glycogen in paraffin sections with Best's carmine stain. Amer. J. Clin. Path., Tech. Sect., 8, 9-10. 1944.

NYKA, W. A method for staining the rickettsiae of typhns in histological sections. J. Path. & Bact., 56, 264. 1944.

POPPER, HANS, GYORGY, PAUL, and GOLDBLATT, H. Fluorescent material (ceroid) in experimental nutritional cirrhosis. Arch. Path., 37, 161. 1944.

SMALL, C. S., and SCHULTZ, M. A. Sustaining faded tissue sections. Amer. J. Clin. Path., Tech. Sect., 7, 66-7. 1943.

YOFFEY, J. M., and PARNELL, J. The lymphocyte content of rabbit bone marrow. J. Anat., 78, 109-12. 1944.

ZIEGLER, E. E. Hematoxylin-eosin tissue stain. An improved, rapid, and uniform technic. Arch. Path., 37, 68. 1044.

Plant Microtechnic. HAASIS, FERDINAND W. Staining rubber in ground or milled plant tissues. Ind. and Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 16, 480. 1944.

PARRIS, G. K. A simple nuclear stain and staining technique for Helminthosporia. Phytopathology, 34, 700. 1944.

Microorganisms. DARZINS, E. Rickettsienstudien. Zentbl. Bakl., Abt. I, Orig., 151, 18-20. 1943.

GOHAR, M. A. A staining method for Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J. Bact., 47, 575. 1944.

GRAY, P. H. H. Two-stain method for direct bacteria count. J. Milk Techn., 6, 76. 1943.     

Laboratory Hints from the Literature

DYES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL USES Burckhalter, J. H., Jones, E. M., Holcomb, W. F., and Sweet, L. A. N-substituted 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridines. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 2012. 1943.

Galat, Alexander. New processes for sulfanilamide. Ind. and Eng. Chem., Ind. Ed., 36, 192. 1944.

Kumler, W. D., and Daniels, T. C. The relation between chemical structure and bacteriostatic activity of sulfanilamide type compounds. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 2190. 1943.

Kwartler, C. E., and Lucas, Philip. The preparation of sutfanil-amidoindazoles. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 1804. 1943.

Mueller, A. C., and Hamilton, C. S. The synthesis of 1-substituted aminobenzo(f)quinolines. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 1017. 1943.

Popkin, A. H. Derivatives of biphenylsulfonamides. I. Preparation of p-(o-aminopnenyl)-benzenesulfonamide. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 2043. 1943.

Popkin, A. H., and Perretta, Gertrude M. Derivatives of biphenyl-sulfonamide. II. Derivatives of p-(o-aminophenyl)-benzenesulfonamide. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 2046. 1943.

Shreve, R. N., and Bennett, R. B. Studies in azo dyes. I. Preparation and bacteriostatic properties of azo derivatives of 2,6-diaminopvridine. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 2241. 1943.

Shreve, R. N., and Bennett, R. B. Studies in azo dyes. II. Preparation and bacteriostatic properties of azo derivatives of 8-quinolino. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 2243. 1943.

Siebenmann, C., and Schnitzer, R. J. Chemotherapeutic study of p-nitrobenzoyl- and related compounds. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 2127 1943.

ANIMAL MICROTECHNIC Barrett, A. M. A method for staining sections of bone marrow. J. Path & Bact., 56, 133-5. 1944.

Barrett, A. M. On the removal of formaldehyde-produced precipitate from sections. J. Path. & Bact., 56, 135-6. 1944.

Chang, Min-Chueh. Disintegration of epidymal spermatozoa by application of ice to the scrotal testis. J. Exp. Biol., 20, 16-22. 1943.

Ercoli, N., and Lewis, M. N. The age factor in response of bone tissue to alizarin dyes and the mechanism of dye fixation. Anat. Rec., 87, 67-76. 1943.

Hess, Manfred, and Hollander, Franklin. Permanent metachromatic staining of gastric mucus smears. J. Lab. and Clin. Med., 29, 321-3. 1944.

Miller, John A. A new method of staining nervous tissue. Ohio J. of Sci., 44, 31-5. 1944.     

Laboratory Hints from the Literature

Microscope and Other Apparatus: Bernard, J. E. The principles of fluorescence microscopy. J. Royal Micro. Soc., 57, 256-9. 1937.

Wrighton, H. A new light source for microscopy. J. Royal Micro. Soc., 57, 260-1. 1938.

Microtechhic in general: Comandon, J. and De Fonbrune, P. La chambre $aG huile. Ses avantages pour l'$eGtude des microorganisms vivants, la culture des tissus et la micromanipulation. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 60, 113-41. 1938.     

Book Reviews

Analysis of Free Radicals in Biological Systems Edited by A. Favier, J. Cadet, B. Kalyanaraman, M. Fontecave and J.-L. Pierre Birkhauser Verlag AG, Basel, 1995. DM 178

Essays in Biochemistry Volume 291995 Edited by DK Apps and KF Tipton     

Biological Stain Commission Membership, May 1949

Officers

President, H. J. Conn, Box 269, Geneva, N. Y. (representing Society of American Bacteriologists.)

Vice-President, W. F. Windle, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Secretary, S. I. Kornhauser, University of Louisville Medical School, Louisville

Ky. Treasurer, E. H. Stotz, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester

N. Y. (representing American Chemical Society.)     

Book Review

DNA and Free Radicals Halliwell B. and Aruoma O.I. (Eds). Ellis Harwood: London, 1993, p. 332 ISBN 0132220350.

Lipids: The Continuing Challenge American Journal of Clinical Nutrition May 1993 Vol 57 NO 5(s)     

Reactions to children's faces: Males are more affected by resemblance than females are, and so are their brains

The detection of genetic relatedness (i.e., kinship) affects the social, parental, and sexual behavior of many species. In humans, self-referent phenotype matching based on facial resemblance may indicate kinship, and it has been demonstrated that facial resemblance increases perceptions of trustworthiness and attractiveness [Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. 269 (2002) 1307–1312; Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. (in press)]. However, investigations of sex differences in reaction to facial resemblance have produced mixed results [Evol. Hum. Behav. 25 (2004) 142–154; Evol. Hum. Behav. 23 (2002) 159–166; Evol. Hum. Behav. 24 (2003) 81–87]. Here, we replicate the effects of Platek et al. [Evol. Hum. Behav. 23 (2002) 159–166] using high-resolution color morphing. We also extend these findings using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate a possible neural mechanism that may account for the observed sex difference. These data support the hypothesis that human males may use and favor facial resemblance as a paternity cue.     

Microscopic Slides of Cat Testis

DYES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL USES Copley, A. L., and Whitney, D. V. The standardization and assay of heparin by the toluidine blue and azure A reactions. A correction. J. Lab. &; Clin. Med., 29, 117.

Finkelstein, Jacob. N-substituted sulfonamides. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 407. 1944.

Fraenkel-Conrat, H., and Cooper, M. The use of dyes for the determination of acid and basic groups in proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 154, 239. 1941.

Gilman, Henry, and Shirley, David A. Some derivatives of pheno-thiazine. J. Amer Chem. Soc., 66, 888. 1944.

Gilman, Henry, and Spatz, Sydney M. Some quinolines patterned as “open models” of atabrine. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 621. 1944.

Klotz, Irving M. The mode of action of sulfonamides. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 459. 1944.

Mueller, Albert C. and Hamilton, Cliff S. Some derivatives of 7-methoxy- and 10-methoxybenzoquinoline. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 860. 1944.

Peterson, Osler L. Therapeutic effects of forbisen and of toluidine blue on experimental typhus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. &; Med., 55, 155-7. 1944.

ANIMAL MICROTECHNIC Ballantyne, E. N. A staining method for frozen sections. Canad. J. Med. Techn., 2, 65-7. 1940.

Bodian, David, and Mellors, Robert C. Phosphatase activity in chromatolytic nerve cells. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. &; Med., 55, 248-5. 1844.

Forbes, J. Glycerine jelly mounting medium for frog eggs and early embryos. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., 62, 325-6. 1943.

Hughes, R. F. Laboratory hints. Canad. J. Med. Techn., 3, 25-6. 1940.

Krajian, Aram A. Elastic fibre stains. Canad. J. Med. Techn., 3, 207. 1941.

Kupperman, H. S., and Noback, C. R. A rapid iron hematoxylin tissue stain for laboratory use. Science, 98, 591-2. 1948.

Laws, S. G. A method of staining blood films. Canad. J. Med. Techn., 3, 68. 1941.

Lillie, R. D. Studies on the decalcification of bone. Amer. J. Path., 20, 291-6. 1944.

Moore, Margaret E. Twenty-hour schedule for routine tissue sections. Canad. J. Med. Techn., 2, 70-1. 1940.

Paul, Pauline, Lowe, B., and McClurg, B. R. Changes in histological structure and palatability of beef during storage. Food, Research, 9, 221-33.

Pinkus, Hermann. Acid orcein Giemsa stain (modification of Unna-Taenzer method). A useful routine stain for dermatologic sections. Arch. Dermat. &; Sypk., 49, 355-6. 1944.

Pugsley, Marion L. Reticulocyte staining. Canad. J. Med. Techn., 3, 16-7. 1940.

Slavkin, Alice E. Quick paraffin method for small biopsies. J. Lab. and Clin. Med., 29, 74. 1944.

PLANT MICROTECHNIC Stuart, Neil W., and Emsweller, S. L. Use of enzymes to improve cytological techniques. Science, 98, 569-70. 1943.

Wittlake, Eugene B. Permanent prestaining in botanical microtechnic. Ohio J. of Sci., 44, 36-8. 1944.

MICROÖRGANISMS Alexander-Jackson, Eleanor. A differential triple stain for demonstrating and studying non-acid-fast forms of the tubercle bacillus in sputum, tissue and body fluids. Science, 99, 307-8. 1944.

Barritt, M. M. An improved Pappenheim stain for gonococci. Brit. Med. J., 494, 4344. 1944.

Bartholomew, J. W., and Umbreit, W. W. Ribonucleic acid and the Gram stain. J. Bad., 47, 415. 1944.

Bauer, William H. Tooth buds and jaws in patients with congenital syphilis. Amer. J. Path., 20, 897-319. 1944.

Begg, A. M., Fulton, F., and Van Den Ende, M. Inclusion bodies in association with typhus rickettsiae. J. Path. &; Bact., 56, 109-13. 1944.

Cherewick, W.J. Studies on the biology of Erysiphe graminis DC. Canad. J. Research, 22, 58-85. 1944.

Dissmann, Edwin. Erfahrungen mit der karbolnachtblaufärbung der Tuberkelbazillen nach Hallberg. Zentbl. Bald., I Abt. Orig., 150, 268-75. 1943.

Hunt, George A. A study of the Pappenheim stain. A stable modification. J. Lab. &; Clin. Med., 20, 207-10. 1944.

Kirsh, David, and Schenken, John R. A comparison of the Ziehl-Neelsen and the Moss cold carbol fuchsia stains for acid-fast bacilli. New Orleans Med. and Surg. J., 96, 394-6. 1944.

Lee, H. I. Comparison of procedures for staining tubercle bacilli in fluorescent microscopy. J. Lab. &; Clin. Med., 29, 218-21. 1944.

Noble, Glenn A. A five-minute method for staining fecal smears. Science, 100, 87-8. 1944.

HISTOCHEMISTRY Dische, Zachakias. Two characteristic and sensitive color reactions between sulfhydryl compounds and thymonucleic acid. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. &; Med., 55, 217-8. 1944.

Wilmer, Harry A. Failure to demonstrate alkaline phosphatase activity in inclusion bodies by the bistochemical technic. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. &; Med., 55,206-7. 1944.     

Book Reviews

Oxygen, Gene expression and Cellular Function, Vol 105 Lung Biology in Health and Disease L. B. Clerch and D. J. Massaro Marcel Dekker, 1997

Food and Free Radicals Edited by Midori Hiramatsu, Toshikazu Yoshikawa and Masayosu Inoue Plenum Press, 1997, ISBN 0-306-45493-9 vii + 169 pages

Preventing Coronary Heart Disease: The Role of Antioxidants, Vegetables and Fruit Ed Lesley Rogers and Imogen Sharp National Heart Forum 1997 The Stationery Office London

Inducible Gene Expression Volume 1 Environmental Stresses and Nutrients Volume 2 Hormonal Signals Ed by PA Baeuerle, Birkhauser Verlag AG, Basel, 1997

Antioxidants in Science, Technology, Medicine and Nutrition Gerald Scott Albion Chemical Science Series, Ellis Horwoood Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 1997

Flavonoids in Health and Diseases Eds C A Rce-Evans and L Packer Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1997     

Esr Spin Trapping Studies Into of Nature of the Oxidizing Species Formed in the Fenton Reaction: Pitfalls Associated With of Use Of 5,5-Dimethyl-1-Pyrroline-n-Oxide in the Detection of the Hydroxyl Radical

Several investigators have challenged the widely held view that the hydroxyl radical is the primary oxidant formed in the reaction between the ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide. In recent studies, using the ESR spin trapping technique, Yamazaki and Piette found that the stoichiometry of oxidant formation in the reaction between Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂ often shows a marked deviation from the expected value of 1:1 (I. Yamazaki and L. H. Piette (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 7588-7593). In order to account for these observations, it was suggested that additional oxidizing species are formed, such as the ferryl ion (FeO²⁺), particularly when iron is present at high concentration and chelated to EDTA.

In this paper it is shown that secondary reactions, involving the redox cycling of iron and the oxidation of the hydroxyl radical adduct of the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO) by iron, operate under the reaction conditions employed by Yamazaki and Piette. Consequently, the stoichiometry of oxidant formation can be rationalized without the need to envisage the formation of oxidizing species other than the hydroxyl radical. It is also demonstrated that the iron(III) complex of DETAPAC can react directly with DMPO to form the DMPO hydroxyl radical adduct (DMPO/OH) in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, to avoid the formation of (DMPO/OH) as an artefact, it is suggested that DETAPAC should not be used as a reagent to inactivate containating adventitious iron in experiments using DMPO.     

Book Reviews

Gabe, Manfred. Histoiogical Techniques. (Translated by Robert Blackith and Aries Kovoor.) 1106 pages, 16 × 24 cm. 2 figures, 35 tables, hard covers, cloth bound. Masson, Paris and New York (and Springer, Heidelberg and New York), 1976. $49.50.

Goldman, R., Pollard, T. and Rosenbaum, J., Editors. Cell Motility. 3 volumes, 1373 pages, 18 × 26 cm. Proceedings of 3rd Cold Harbor Conference on Cell Proliferation. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1976.

Lillie, R. D. and Fullmer, H. M. Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry. Fourth Edition. 942 pages, 16 × 23 cm. 28 figures, 126 tables. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976. $40.00.     

中国银口天竺鲷属鱼类的分类厘定

本研究检视了采自中国沿海的银口天竺鲷属标本314尾, 形态学鉴定为8种: 斑鳍银口天竺鲷(Jaydia carinata (Cuvier, 1828))、细条银口天竺鲷(J. lineata (Temminck & Schlege, 1842))、新几内亚银口天竺鲷(J. novaeguineae (Valenciennes, 1832))、黑鳃银口天竺鲷(J. poeciloptera (Cuvier, 1828))、史密斯氏银口天竺鲷(J. smithi Kotthaus 1970)、横带银口天竺鲷(J. striata (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912))、印度洋银口天竺鲷(J. striatodes (Gon, 1997))和黑边银口天竺鲷(J. truncata (Bleeker, 1854))。结合GenBank中的同种序列, 对史密斯氏银口天竺鲷进行DNA条形码分析, 发现中国群体和地中海群体分为两个组群, 两者平均组间遗传距离为0.044, 表明其中存在隐存种。因该种模式产地为亚丁湾, 推测中国种群为隐存种Jaydia sp.。结合标本和文献考证, 我们认为中国已知有银口天竺鲷属鱼类9种, 未采集到的烟台银口天竺鲷J. tchefouensis (Fang, 1942)可能为J. lineata次定同种异名。我们整理了各种的同种异名、形态特征和地理分布, 编制了检索表, 探讨了分类问题, 修订了错误。中国已记录物种J. ellioti、J. arafurae、J. albomarginata实际为J. truncata、J. poeciloptera和J. novaeguineae。     

Book Reviews

The Retinoids, Biology, Chemistry, and Medicine Second Edition, Ed. by M.B. Sporn, A.B. Roberts and De W.S. Goodman Raven Press, New York. 1994. pp. 699, price US$200.50

Free Radicals: From Basic Science to Medicine Edited by G. Poli, M. Albano and M.U. Dianzani Molecular Biology Update Series Birkhauser Verlag pp528. Price: 148 SFr

The Development of Iron Chelators for Clinical Use R.J. Bergeeron, G.M. Brittenham (Eds). CRC Press: Boca Raton. 1994 pp 416 ISBN 0-8493-8679-9     

Book Reviews

Mutation Research DNAging Genetic Instability and Aging

Cardiovascular Toxicology Second edition, edited by Daniel Acosta, Jr. Raven Press, New York, USA. $124, 1992

Dietary Fats: Determinants of Preference, Selection and Consumption Edited by D.J. Mela Elsevier Applied Science, 1992, ix + 192 pages Price $75.00 ISBN 1-85166-865-9

Determination of Vitamin E: Tocopherols and Tocotrienols by Claude Bourgeois Elsevier Applied Science, 1992, vi + 162 pages Price $75.00 ISBN 1-85166-7547

Biochemistry of Food Proteins Edited by B.J.F. Hudson Elsevier Applied Science, 1992, x + 419 pages Price $110.00 ISBN 1-85166-768-7

Lipid-soluble Antioxidants: Biochemistry and Clinical Applications Edited by A.S.H. Ong and L. Packer Birkhauser Verlag, 1992, xii + 640 pages Price SFR 168.00 (approx $76) ISBN 3-7643-2667-0 (Basel) ISBN 0-8176-2667-0 (Boston)     

Reactions of Hemoglobiniferous Cells to Aced and Basic Dyes under Varying Conditions of H-Ion Activity

1. An attempt has been made to apply Loeb's concept of the amphoteric nature of proteins for the discrimination of suspected hemoglobiniferous substances from known hemoglobiniferous substances according to their reactions to acid and basic dyes with reference to the isoelectric point of hemoglobin (pH 6.8).

2. The substances in the cytoplasm of known hemoglobiniferous cells (red blood corpuscles, normoblasts and erythroblasts) of the lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow of the albino rat, when suspended in buffered dye-sucrose solutions, retain eosin on the acid side of pH 7.0, but the substances of the Russell bodies, suspected of being hemoglobiniferous, do not retain eosin at all; and the cytoplasm of the plasma cells, also alleged to be slightly hemoglobiniferous, only retains eosin on the acid side of pH 6.4.

3. The only basic dye used which did not precipitate in buffer solutions was methylene blue. This did not react with hemoglobin in accordance with Loeb's concept, because it did not penetrate mature red blood corpuscles and in those immature erythrocytes which it did penetrate it was precipitated by the reticulum.

4. Therefore, from the results obtained with the acid dye, it is tentatively concluded that the substance in the Russell bodies and in the cytoplasm of the plasma cells are not hemoglobiniferous because they do not react as do the substances in known hemoglobiniferous cells with reference to the isoelectric point of hemoglobin.

5. More investigation, however, must be carried out on both fresh and fixed material before a final unequivocal answer can be made to this problem.     

华北地区胡桃楸林分布规律及群落构建机制分析

探究植物分布规律和群落构建机制是揭示植物群落空间分布、群落物种多样性的形成、发展及其影响因素的重要途径。该文以华北地区胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)林为研究对象, 基于野外84个样方的调查数据, 通过径级分析、典范对应分析等方法研究了胡桃楸林的空间分布规律, 并通过亲缘关系指数计算、植物功能性状等方法研究了胡桃楸林的物种共存机制。结果表明, 华北地区胡桃楸的胸径相对较小(平均5.36 cm), 种群年龄较低; 海拔、坡度、坡位和人为干扰程度是影响华北地区胡桃楸分布的主要因子。研究区域内的胡桃楸大部分生长于山体中下部海拔较低的缓坡, 且人为干扰相对较少的区域, 各分布区域中胡桃楸林的分布规律各异。胡桃楸林物种的构建由生态位机制主导, 其中河北、陕西、天津的胡桃楸林物种共存过程主要受负密度制约的影响, 北京、山西的胡桃楸林的物种共存过程主要受环境选择驱动。     

Twenty-Four-Hour Variations in the Sensitivity of Rat Aorta to Vasoactive Agents

The presence of time-dependent variations in the in vitro sensitivity of aorta preparations to either vasoconstricting or relaxing agents was investigated in rats maintained in light from 08: 00 to 20: 00 and in darkness from 20: 00 to 08: 00. Rat thoracic aorta rings were obtained from animals sacrificed at four different times of the day. The rat aorta was found to be more sensitive to the constricting effect of phenylephrine at 15: 00, and of 5-hydroxytryptamine at 21: 00. On the other hand, both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations were more remarkable at 03: 00 than at other times of the day. These variations represented significant circadian rhythms when analyzed by analysis of variance. Different in vitro responsiveness to these agents might reflect changes in the sensitivity and/or number of related receptors in vascular preparations. In conclusion, the circadian time of animal sacrifice to obtain vascular preparations constitutes an important aspect of the research method and a key determinant of findings. (Chronobiology International, 13(6), 465-475, 1996)     

施用污泥等废料对稀土矿废弃地土壤中麻疯树生长和元素吸收的影响

城市污泥等废料可以用于调理稀土矿废弃地土壤,而能源植物麻疯树有望成为稀土矿废弃地的先锋植物。本研究通过向稀土矿废弃地土壤中添加污泥(T₁)、污泥+蔗渣(T₂)、污泥+蔗渣+钝化剂(T₃),并以矿区土壤为对照(CK),研究盆栽条件下各处理对麻疯树生长和元素吸收的影响。结果表明: 与CK相比,T₁仅显著提高麻疯树株高,T₂、T₃显著提高麻疯树株高、地径和生物量,其中总生物量提高184.7%以上;3个处理均显著促进麻疯树对N、P、K、Cu的吸收;T₁、T₂显著提高基质中可交换态Zn、Cd、Ni比例,T₃则相反,并显著降低Zn、Cd、Ni在基质中的迁移系数和活性系数,抑制麻疯树对Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的吸收,抑制率达36.1%以上。隶属函数综合评价结果表明,各处理对麻疯树生长的促进顺序为T₂>T₃>T₁>CK,对麻疯树吸收Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的抑制顺序为T₃>CK>T₂>T₁。混施污泥和蔗渣显著促进麻疯树生长和元素吸收,进一步加入钝化剂则显著抑制麻疯树对重金属的吸收,但不影响麻疯树生长。     

The Fixing and Staining of Liriodendron Tulepifera Root Tips and their Mycorrehizal Fungus

Root tips of Liriodendron Tulipifera forming with a fungus of the Mycelium Radicis group an endotrophic mycorrhiza, were subjected to several different fixations in which the action of cationic chromium and anionic chromium were compared. Anionic chromium in the form of chromic acid was combined with several substituted benzene compounds while cationic chromium in the form of chromic sulfate (Cr₂(SO₄)₃·15 H₂O) in 4% formaldehyde (HCHO) was used with the same ring compounds. In addition, several fixatives not containing chromium were tested.

Five percent chromic sulfate (Cr₂(SO₄)₂·15 H₂O) in 4% formaldehyde (HCHO) or in 1% osmic acid with saturated aqueous salicylic and/or picric acid preserved the histological and cytological details of the mycorrhiza, as was clearly demonstrated when followed by staining in 3% acetic acid saturated with orseillin BB and counterstained with 1% crystal violet in clove oil.

Two percent ferric chloride (Fe Cl₃) in 4% formaldehyde showed the relationship of the tannin contents of the cells to the invading hyphae when followed by suitable staining.

Cationic chromium appeared to be superior to anionic chromium in preserving cell walls as well as the general histologic features of the material investigated.