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病毒诱导的基因沉默及其在植物功能基因组研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
病毒诱导的基因沉默已成为研究植物功能基因组的重要工具. VIGS 体系因其方法简便、周期性短以及避免植物转化等诸多优点, 已在利用正向遗传学和反向遗传学寻找和鉴定基因功能方面发挥了日益重要的作用. 越来越多的植物病毒被改造成为VIGS 载体, 并已在植物发育、生物逆境、非生物逆境、细胞代谢、信号传导等基因功能研究方面得到了应用. 本文围绕VIGS的发展以及在植物功能基因鉴定中的应用及前景提出了展望. 相似文献
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DNA多态性及其在植物功能基因组学研究中的应用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
DNA多态性是生物多样性的基础。本综述了DNA多态性的影响因素,并就DNA多态性应用于基因定位、基因克隆以及基因功能分析等领域进行了探讨,展示了DNA多态性在植物功能基因组学研究中的广阔应用前景。 相似文献
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基因组定点编辑技术是研究基因功能和生物体改造的重要工具。CRISPR-Cas(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins)系统是近年来发展的一种新型基因组编辑技术,该技术通过一段向导RNA和配套的核酸酶就可对特定的基因组序列进行定点编辑,具有简单高效、应用广泛的特点,受到了生物学家的广泛关注。本文着重介绍CRISPR-Cas系统在植物中的研究进展,包括CRISPR-Cas9系统在植物中的应用与完善、扩大基因组编辑范围的研究、Cas9切口酶和失活酶的拓展、特异性单碱基突变编辑系统的研究、无外源DNA污染的植物基因编辑技术的发展以及基因组编辑技术在作物育种上的应用等方面。同时也提出了还需解决的问题,并展望了基因组编辑系统在作物育种中的应用前景,为开展这一领域的研究工作提供参考。 相似文献
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Sterck L Rombauts S Vandepoele K Rouzé P Van de Peer Y 《Current opinion in plant biology》2007,10(2):199-203
Annotation of the first few complete plant genomes has revealed that plants have many genes. For Arabidopsis, over 26,500 gene loci have been predicted, whereas for rice, the number adds up to 41,000. Recent analysis of the poplar genome suggests more than 45,000 genes, and partial sequence data from Medicago and Lotus also suggest that these plants contain more than 40,000 genes. Nevertheless, estimations suggest that ancestral angiosperms had no more than 12,000-14,000 genes. One explanation for the large increase in gene number during angiosperm evolution is gene duplication. It has been shown previously that the retention of duplicates following small- and large-scale duplication events in plants is substantial. Taking into account the function of genes that have been duplicated, we are now beginning to understand why many plant genes might have been retained, and how their retention might be linked to the typical lifestyle of plants. 相似文献
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Characterization of the rice (Oryza sativa) actin gene family 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
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Two key determinants of plant and organ size are cell number and cell size, and altering either one may affect the plant organ size, but cell number control often plays a predominant role in natural populations. Domesticated crops usually have larger fruit and harvested organ sizes than wild progenitors. Crop yields have increased significantly by breeding, often via heterosis, which is associated with increased plant and organ size primarily achieved by cell number increases. A small class of genes is now known that control plant and organ sizes though cell number or cell size. The fw2.2 gene was found to control a major QTL for tomato fruit size by negatively affecting cell numbers. Orthologs to these fw2.2 genes underlie QTLs for fruit sizes in other species, and their expression can be negatively correlated with increased cell number. In maize decreased or increased expression of the fw2.2 ortholog ZmCNR1, increases or decreases cell number, respectively, thereby affecting maize organ size throughout the plant and thus also whole plant size. Therefore, these genes should now be considered as more general regulators of plant cell number and organ size. The exact molecular function of these transmembrane domain proteins remains unknown, as does any clear relationship to the cell cycle. Because these genes control organ sizes in diverse plants and important crop species, and because they can affect whole plant size, interest arose into how effects of such genes could parallel agronomic crop improvements, in particular that by heterosis, as it also affects cell number. In joining these subjects here in discussion we speculate on how single gene cell number regulation and heterosis may cooperate in crop improvement. 相似文献
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The RecQ gene family in plants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
RecQ helicases are conserved throughout all kingdoms of life regarding their overall structure and function. They are 3'-5' DNA helicases resolving different recombinogenic DNA structures. The RecQ helicases are key factors in a number of DNA repair and recombination pathways involved in the maintenance of genome integrity. In eukaryotes the number of RecQ genes and the structure of RecQ proteins vary strongly between organisms. Therefore, they have been named RecQ-like genes. Knockouts of several RecQ-like genes cause severe diseases in animals or harmful cellular phenotypes in yeast. Until now the largest number of RecQ-like genes per organism has been found in plants. Arabidopsis and rice possess seven different RecQ-like genes each. In the almost completely sequenced genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens at least five RecQ-like genes are present. One of the major present and future research aims is to define putative plant-specific functions and to assign their roles in DNA repair and recombination pathways in relation to RecQ genes from other eukaryotes. Regarding their intron positions, the structures of six RecQ-like genes of dicots and monocots are virtually identical indicating a conservation over a time scale of 150 million years. In contrast to other eukaryotes one gene (RecQsim) exists exclusively in plants. It possesses an interrupted helicase domain but nevertheless seems to have maintained the RecQ function. Owing to a recent gene duplication besides the AtRecQl4A gene an additional RecQ-like gene (AtRecQl4B) exists in the Brassicaceae only. Genetic studies indicate that a AtRecQl4A knockout results in sensitivity to mutagens as well as an hyper-recombination phenotype. Since AtRecQl4B was still present, both genes must have non-redundant roles. Analysis of plant RecQ-like genes will not only increase the knowledge on DNA repair and recombination, but also on the evolution and radiation of protein families. 相似文献
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植物纤维素合成酶基因的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要成分。自然界中每年大约有1800亿吨的纤维素产物生成。纤维素的巨大经济价值使纤维素合成酶基因成为基因工程的热点之一。1996年, Delmer小组首次从植物中克隆出纤维素合成酶基因。近年来,在纤维素合成酶的结构、功能、定位和基因功能的研究方面成果斐然。本文概述了植物纤维素合成酶基因的研究进展。
Abstract:Cellulose is a major component in plant cell wall.About 180 billion tons of cellulose are produced per year in nature.The commercial importance of cellulose makes the genes coding it one of attractive targets for plant genetic engineering.A number of cellulose synthase genes have been first cloned from plant species by Delmer's group in 1996.Recently,research achievement has been obtained in accumulating to understanding the cellulose synthase function,location,and the gene function.The paper summarized the research progress of cellulose synthase genes in higher plants. 相似文献
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固醇是真核生物膜的重要组分, 在生长发育中具有重要作用。CPI1 (CYCLOPROPYL STEROL ISOMERASE1)基因是植物特有的固醇合成途径基因, 其编码产物为环丙基固醇异构酶。目前只有拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的CPI1基因被克隆并解析。研究发现, 从藻类到高等开花植物中均存在单一拷贝的CPI1基因。陆生植物CPI1的基因结构及其所编码的氨基酸序列均高度保守, 蛋白质序列相似性范围为48%–90%, 但陆生植物CPI1与绿藻CPI1的蛋白序列之间存在显著差异。蛋白质结构预测发现CPI1具有非常相似的拓扑结构, 均具有7个跨膜结构域和6个亲水环。组织表达模式分析显示, 陆生植物CPI1在不同组织中均表达, 是组成型表达基因。为了验证CPI1基因的功能, 克隆了二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)BdCPI1基因, 并转化拟南芥cpi1-1突变体。结果表明, BdCPI1能完全回补cpi1-1突变体的表型。基于单拷贝基因数目、保守的基因结构和蛋白质拓扑结构及基因表达模式, 推测CPI1基因的功能可能在陆生植物中高度保守。 相似文献
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