川藏渝高山新竹类

发表了产于四川西部和西藏南部的箭竹属各一新种,它们分别是打母牛和扭马。首次补充描述了箭竹属圆芽箭竹组（Sect. Ampullares Yi）中原产于重庆东部的窝竹花果形态,从而更进一步证实了该组应为箭竹属成员。     

滇西北高山林区箭竹资源开发

滇西北地区位于横断山脉的中段,是箭竹属植物的分布和分化中心,天然箭竹资源十分丰富,但目前仍处于未开发状态。本文主要就这一地区的箭竹资源特点和开发利用途径进行研究和探讨     

滇西北高山区箭竹资源开发

滇西北地区位于横断山脉的中段,是箭竹属植物的分布和分化中心,天然箭竹资源十分丰富,但仍处于未开发状态。本文主要是就这一地区的箭竹资源特点和开发利用途径进行研究和探讨。     

中国横断山区竹亚科箭竹属新分类群

报道了中国西南部横断山区竹亚科箭竹属６个新种,４个新变型,它们是：马歌箭竹（ＦａｒｇｅｓｉａａｕｒｉｔａＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨｕｉ）阔叶箭竹（Ｆ．ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨｕｉ）怒江箭竹（Ｆ．ｎｕｊｉａｎｇｅｓｉｓＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨｕｉ）兰坪箭竹（Ｆ．ｎｕｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｆ．ｌａｎｐｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨ．Ｒ．Ｚｈａｎｇ）纹鞘箭竹（Ｆ．ｎｕｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｆ．ｓｔｒｉａｔａＨ     

粉蚧科一新属一新种(半翅目,蚧总科)

记述粉蚧科1新属1新种,即拟锯粉蚧属Paraserrolecanium gen.nov.及其模式种箭竹拟锯粉蚧P.fargesii sp.nov.。新种模式标本采自陕西省凤县天台山一种箭竹Fargesia sp.叶鞘下茎上,保存在北京林业大学昆虫标本室。     

日仁蚧属一新种记述（同翅目：仁蚧科）

本文记述采自安徽省祁门县牯牛降自然保护区寄生于箭竹Sinarundinaria nitida(Mitf.)Nakai上的日仁蚧属Nipponaclerda一新种,箭竹日仁蚧Nipponaclerda triumpha,sp.nov.     

施磷对干旱胁迫下箭竹根际土壤养分及微生物群落的影响

以箭竹及其根际土壤作为研究对象,采用两因素随机区组实验,设置2种水分处理（正常浇水和干旱胁迫）和2种施磷量处理（施磷和不施磷）,探究施磷对干旱胁迫下箭竹根际土壤养分及微生物群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明：（1）干旱胁迫显著降低了箭竹根际土壤中微生物量碳、可溶性有机氮和有效磷的含量,虽对箭竹根际土壤微生物群落的多样性无显著影响,但显著降低了箭竹根际土壤中总PLFA（phospholipid fatty acid contents）的含量和真菌、细菌、革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌的PLFA含量以及革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌的PLFA比值,显著改变了箭竹根际土壤微生物群落结构,结果显著降低了箭竹的生物量。（2）施磷显著增加了受旱箭竹根际土壤中微生物量碳和有效磷的含量,虽大体上对受旱箭竹根际土壤微生物群落的多样性无显著影响,但显著增加了受旱箭竹根际土壤中总PLFA和真菌PLFA的含量,并在一定程度上增加了细菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和放线菌的PLFA含量以及革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌和真菌/细菌的PLFA比值,也在一定程度上改善了受旱箭竹根际土壤微生物群落结构,从而改善受旱箭竹的生长。（3）主成分分析表明,干旱对箭竹根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响显著,而施磷的影响不明显。（4）相关分析发现,箭竹根际土壤微生物群落结构与箭竹根际土壤微生物量碳、可溶性有机氮及箭竹生物量呈显著正相关。综上,干旱降低了箭竹根际土壤养分含量和微生物生物量,改变了箭竹根际土壤微生物群落结构,抑制了箭竹的生长;施磷能增加受旱箭竹根际土壤养分含量和微生物生物量,改善受旱箭竹根际土壤微生物群落结构,进而改善受旱箭竹的生长。     

青藏高原东缘的锈菌资料Ⅵ.柄锈菌属二新种(英文)

采自四川西部的二个柄锈菌新种,即寄生在小檗属Berberissp．上的岷山柄锈菌PucciniaminshanensisJ．Y．Zhuap＆S．X．Wei和寄生在大箭竹Sinarundinariachungii（Keng）Kengf．上的箭竹生柄锈菌PucciniasinarundinarilcolaJ．Y．Zhuang＆S．X．Wei。文中对新种进行了拉丁文描述并作了简要讨论,附有显微照片和线条图。标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆（HMAS）。     

青藏高原东缘的锈菌资源VI.柄锈菌属二新种

采自四川西部的二个柄锈菌新种,即寄生在小檗属Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｓ ｓｐ．上的岷山柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ ｍｉｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｊ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ ＆ Ｓ．Ｘ． Ｗｅｉ和寄生在大箭竹Ｓｉｎａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｒｉａ ｃｈｕｎｇｉｉ（Ｋｅｎｇ）Ｋｅｎｇ ｆ．上的箭竹生柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ ｓｉｎａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｒｉｉｃｏｌａ Ｊ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ ＆ Ｓ．Ｘ． Ｗｅｉ。文中对新种进行了拉丁文描述并作了     

密度对缺苞箭竹凋落物生物元素动态及其潜在转移能力的影响

研究了一个生长季节内,缺苞箭竹(Fargesia denudata)-紫果云杉(Picea purpurea)原始林下不同密度缺苞箭竹凋落物及其生物元素含量的动态,比较了凋落物与新鲜叶中生物元素含量的差异,探讨了生物元素在缺苞箭竹体内的潜在内转移能力。研究结果表明:在生长季节内,缺苞箭竹凋落物量随着缺苞箭竹密度增加而增大。凋落物中C、N、P、K含量随着缺苞箭竹密度增加而减小,但Ca、Mg含量随着缺苞箭竹密度增加而增大。凋落物和新鲜叶中的C含量无显著差异,且二者均无明显的季节变化规律;凋落物的N、P、K含量表现为在5、6、7月依次升高,7月以后逐渐下降的格局,且凋落物中的含量明显低于新鲜叶;凋落叶的Ca含量明显高于新鲜叶,但无明显的季节变化规律;凋落叶的Mg含量在缺苞箭竹指数生长期最低,而新鲜叶中Mg含量在缺苞箭竹指数生长期最高。缺苞箭竹密度对生物元素的动态变化规律无显著影响。内转移率表现为K>N>P,且P的内转移率随着缺苞箭竹密度的增加而升高,但缺苞箭竹密度对K、N的内转移能力影响较小;C在缺苞箭竹植株体内的内转移现象不明显;Ca在凋落物中的积累率随缺苞箭竹密度增加而增大;Mg元素的积累率随着缺苞箭竹密度增加越来越高,而内转移率越来越低。     

Phylogenetics of the Thamnocalamus group and its allies (Gramineae: Bambusoideae): inference from the sequences of GBSSI gene and ITS spacer

Phylogenetics of 33 species (35 species in the ITS analysis) of the Thamnocalamus group and its allies inferred from partial sequences of the nuclear GBSSI gene and from those of the nuclear ribosomal ITS spacer was discussed in the present paper. The analyses of two separate data and combined data sets were performed using the parsimony method. Two species from Arundinaria and Acidosasa were used as outgroups. All three analyses supported the monophyly of the Thamnocalamus group and its allies, which have pachymorph rhizomes and semelauctant synflorescences with three stamens. The two sampled species of Chimonocalamus were resolved as a strongly supported monophyletic group and as basal in the Thamnocalamus group and its allies in the ITS and combined analyses. The resolution of the Thamnocalamus group and its allies in the GBSSI-gene-based tree was generally poor, while the gene still identified some clades with strongly internal supports, i.e., the Chimonocalamus clade, the Ampelocalamus clade, the clade of Thamnocalamus spathiflorus and its variety, that of Fargesia porphyrea and Yushania bojieana, and the clade of Fargesia edulis and Fargesia fungosa. The topology resulting from the GBSSI and ITS combined data analysis had a better resolution than those from the two separate data sets. T. spathiflorus and its variety comprised another strongly supported basal clade and may be next to the Chimonocalamus clade. The positions of the African Thamnocalamus tessellatus and Arundinaria (Yushania) alpina, and the monotypic Chinese endemic Gaoligongshania were problematic. The Thamnocalamus group per se was resolved as polyphyletic. Most species of Fargesia and Yushania formed a group with no bootstrap support. This assemblage was heterogeneous according to the morphological characters and further investigation is needed. This study implicated that the current limitation of three genera of Thamnocalamus, Fargesia (incl. Borinda) and Yushania may not reflect the true phylogenetic relationships of the complex. The phylogenetic utility of GBSSI gene in closely related woody bamboos was also evaluated.     

Phylogenetic studies on the Thamnocalamus group and its allies (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) based on its sequence data.

Phylogenetic analyses, using the parsimony method and the neighbor-joining method, of 31 species of the Thamnocalamus group and its allies based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences in nuclear ribosomal DNA are presented. Two species from Arundinaria and Acidosasa were used as outgroups. The ITS phylogeny strongly supports the monophyly of the Thamnocalamus group and its allies, which have pachymorph rhizomes and semelauctant synflorescences with three stamens. Within this clade, Chimonocalamus pallens was resolved in the basal position. The Thamnocalamus group, including species placed in Thamnocalamus, Fargesia (Sinarundinaria, Borinda), and Yushania, may be polyphyletic/paraphyletic according to the ITS phylogeny, but internal support was relatively low. All three sampled species of Ampelocalamus were resolved as a monophyletic group and may be related to Drepanostachyum hookerianum. Two taxa of Thamnocalamus and the species Gaoligongshania megalothyrsa were resolved as monophyletic despite their different morphological characters, but again with a low bootstrap support. Within the Fargesia yunnanensis subclade, the sister relationship of Fargesia fungosa and Fargesia edulis was supported. Another subclade, the Fargesia communis clade, was also weakly supported as monophyletic. However, further resolution within the Thamnocalamus group has not been provided by this sequence data. The results indicate that reevaluation of relationships within this group is necessary.     

Phenolics from the culms of five bamboo species in the Tangjiahe and Wolong Giant Panda Reserves,Sichuan, China

Phenolic compounds were studied in the culms of five bamboo species collected in China: Yushania chungii, Fargesia robusta, Fargesia denudata, Fargesia rufa and Fargesia scabrida. All the species are eaten by giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The culms contained phenolic acids and flavonoids in small concentrations, except for F. robusta, which did not contain flavonoids in detectable amounts. The species differed from each other in their phenolic composition. For example, F. rufa with the highest number of compounds clearly differed from other species. There were also differences among sampling sites, which reflect the differences among genotypes. Furthermore, there were clear ontogenetic differences in the culms: some compounds were present in mature culms but not in young (1–2 year old) culms, while the concentrations of other compounds decreased with increasing age. Over all, the composition and concentrations of soluble phenolic compounds in the bamboo culms were affected by species, age and site.     

On the problems of the classification of Chinese bamboos with creeping rhizomes

So far, the 15 genera of bamboos with creeping rhizomes in China have been known. Based on the types and evolution of inflorescence, which have been discussed in the paper, and other criteria of classification, the opinions are given as follows: 1. Some species of Semiarundinaria spp. McClure and Sinobambusa spp. McClure should be separated and regarded as representing a new genus, because the racemes of the some species are different from false inflorescence (indeterminate infl.) of the type species of the two genera, and some other species should be transfered to the genus Pleioblastus. 2. On account of the similarities in the type of inflorescence and pistil, Brachystachyum may be combined with Semiarundinaria. 3. As the inflorescence, pistil and rhizome of Sinarundinaria are similar in those of Fargesia, the two genera should be combined. Due to the inflorescence of Fargesia is different from that of Thamnocalamus, therefore, these two genera must be kept separating. 4. Key to the Genera of Chinese bamboos with creeping rhizomes is provided inthis paper. But the key is available to flowering materials only, because the construction of it is mainly based on reproductive organs.     

The Identity of an Endemic Tibetan Bamboo,Arundinaria macclureana ( Gramineae,Bambusoideae)

Arundinaria macclureana Bor was the first bamboo described in modern taxonomy based on Tibetan material. Since the type bears only flowering branches without critical vegetative characteristics such as rhizomes and culm- sheaths, its identity has long been doubtful. Even so, it provides the type of a newly created genus, Borinda. By checking the type specimens of A1 macclureana as well as the type of Fargesia setosa T. P. Yi, which is a species only known by its vegetative state, and by collecting in the field, a conclusion is reached that these two entities are conspecific. Fargesia macclureana, a name published in less- received literature is the correct name for this endemic Tibetan bamboo, although re- evaluation of the relationships within the Thamnocalamus group is needed.     

卧龙竹类非结构性碳水化合物与叶氮含量对海拔的响应

山地由于海拔变化导致的环境因子显著差异,成为研究植物环境适应性及其对全球气候变化响应的理想区域。以卧龙自然保护区内油竹子(Fargesia angustissima Yi)与华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida(Mitford)Keng f.ex Yi)为对象,沿海拔梯度研究了两种竹子在各自海拔分布区间内组织非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量、比叶面积(SLA)、以及基于单位叶面积和单位叶质量的叶氮含量(Narea,Nmass)。除油竹子叶NSC,Narea和华西箭竹Nmass随海拔升高不发生变化外,两种竹子其它调查因子对海拔的响应均是非线性的,反映了环境因子随海拔的非线性变化。所有调查因子对海拔的响应均表现出明显的种间差别,这一结果除了种间生理生态特性差别的原因外,可能意味着两竹种对温度的敏感性不同。高海拔种(华西箭竹)比(中)低海拔种(油竹子)对全球气候暖化可能更加敏感。     

西藏特有竹子Arundinaria macclureana的名实辨正

Arundinaria macclureana是在现代植物学中根据在西藏采集的标本描述的第一个竹子。其模式标本是1938年采集的,但只有花枝,没有地下茎、秆箨等重要特征。尽管如此,该种还成为了新属Borinda的模式种。在研究了其模式标本后,使本文第一作者联想起1991年在藏东南采集的西藏箭竹（Fargesia setosa）。西藏箭竹的模式标本采集于1977年,但只有营养体,没有花枝。在对比研究两个名称的模式后,确认二者实为同种。经与共同作者一起讨论,认为其正确学名为Fargesia macclureana,但该种所在的筱竹属群的关系还有待进一步的研究。     

Loss of total phenols from leaf litter of two shrub species: dual responses to alpine forest gap disturbance during winter and the growing season

高山森林林窗能够通过调控水热动态进而控制林下生态系统过程。因此,本研究旨在通过两种典型灌木[华西箭竹(Fargeisia nitida (Mitford) Keng f.)和康定柳(Salix paraplesia Schneid.)]凋落叶分解,探索林窗干扰对分解过程中总酚释放的影响。我们在一个典型的岷江冷杉林(Abies faxoniana Rehd.)样地,通过设置不同林窗位置(林窗中心南侧、林窗中心北侧、林缘、扩展林缘和林下)进行了凋落物分解实验;并在两年的不同关键时期：雪被形成期、雪被覆盖期、雪被融化期、生长季节初期和生长季节后期,对两种灌木凋落叶分解袋进行采样,并测试其总酚释放率和微生物丰富度(真菌和细菌)。实验结束后,我们发现,雪被厚度、冻融循环以及真菌细菌比对凋落叶的总酚释放具有显著影响。在两年的雪被形成期、雪被覆盖期、雪被融化期和生长季节后期,真菌和细菌丰富度表现出从林窗中心到林下逐渐降低的趋势,而在两年的生长季节初期,其表现出从林窗中心到林下逐渐增加的趋势。而从不同林窗位置来比较,两种灌木凋落叶的总酚释放率仅在第一年各关键时期表现出同真菌细菌丰富度类似的规律。此外,在第一年的冬季,以及从整个第一年和整个两年分解时间段来看,林窗中心位置两种凋落叶的总酚释放率皆较其他林窗位置高。这些研究结果表明,高山森林林窗的形成能够促进凋落叶总酚的释放,尽管其释放对林窗干扰的响应在不同关键时间具有不同的表现。总之,在高寒生物区,林窗的更替消失以及在气候变化背景下冬季变暖导致的雪被覆盖厚度和持续时间的减少会降低凋落叶总酚的释放率。     

云南龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性分析

2006年11月-2007年12月,对云南云龙县龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性进行了研究.采用粪便显微组织学分析技术分析龙马山滇金丝猴冬季采食植物的种类组成和比例,并测定了该猴群主要取食的15种植物(包括两种松萝科植物)(取食食物百分比>1%)和次要取食的10种植物(取食食物百分比<1%)的化学成分.研究结果表明,龙马山滇金丝猴冬季取食的植物共计26科45种,其中云龙箭竹、长松萝、花松萝、实竹、空心箭竹分别占19.78%、10.28%、8.37%、4.93%、4.46%,是滇金丝猴冬季主要取食的植物种类,占取食植物的47.99%.木本植物和草本植物的叶是滇金丝猴的主要食物,在冬季食物中所占百分比最高,达75%.冬季滇金丝猴比较喜欢采食P/F值较高、单宁含量较低的食物,其主要食物比次要食物含有较高的P/F值和较低的单宁(P<0.05).