谷氨酸棒杆菌SYPS-062 L-丝氨酸脱水酶活性分析及其基因敲除对L-丝氨酸积累的影响

以谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum) SYPS-062基因组DNA为模板,扩增得到L-丝氨酸脱水酶(L-SerDH)的编码基因sdaA。将其克隆到表达载体pET-28a(+),并在E.coli BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,对纯化的L-SerDH进行了酶活测定,并与来自C.glutamicum ATCC13032的重组L-SerDH进行了比较,结果显示,两种不同菌株来源的重组L-SerDH降解L-丝氨酸的酶比活力差异并不显著。在此基础上敲除菌株SYPS-062 的sdaA基因,探讨该基因对C.glutamicum SYPS-062生长及产酸的影响。通过构建自杀型重组质粒pK18mobsacB-△sdaA,电击转入C.glutamicum SYPS-062中,以同源重组的方式获得了sdaA基因缺失突变株,并用PCR方法对突变株C.glutamicum SYPS-062△sdaA进行了验证。与出发菌株相比,突变菌株生长缓慢,单位菌体L-丝氨酸的产量(Y_P/X)提高了15.13%。     

直接利用糖质原料产L-丝氨酸谷氨酸棒杆菌glyA基因序列分析

以能够利用糖质原料产L-丝氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）SYPS-062 glyA基因为研究对象,比较cglutamicum SYPS-062与C．glutamicum模式菌株ATCC13032的glyA基因的异同。分别以SYPS-062及ATCC13032基因组为模板,利用PCR技术获得丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶编码基因glyA。核苷酸序列分析结果表明,来源于SYPS-062和ATCC13032的glyA基因片段全长均为1305bp,编码434个氨基酸,分子量为46．5kD,基因的同源性为99．54％,存在6个核苷酸的差异,引起一个氨基酸残基的突变。将获得的基因分别在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21（DE3）中诱导表达。酶活测定结果显示,2种不同菌株来源的重组SHMT的比活力稍有差异,说明SYPS-062 glyA基因的差异对其表达产物SHMT蛋白构型及功能影响不大。提示对于C.glutamicum SYPS-062能够利用糖质原料产L-丝氨酸的机制解析应进一步从glyA基因的转录水平、翻译水平及胞内SHMT辅酶的供给情况等方面进行深入研究探讨。     

氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶对Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPS-062积累L-丝氨酸的影响

为阐明氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶(ADC合成酶)在Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPS-062体内积累L-丝氨酸过程中的作用,通过交叉PCR以及同源重组的方法敲除叶酸途径关键酶ADC合成酶的编码基因pabAB,构建了叶酸缺陷型菌株Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPS-062△pabAB,同时构建pabAB基因增强表达重组菌C.glutamicum SYPS-062(pJC Ⅰ-pabAB).分别考察了ADC合成酶对菌株生长的影响、对L-丝氨酸降解途径关键酶丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶(SHMT)的影响以及其对L-丝氨酸积累的影响.结果表明,与出发菌株相比,增强表达基因pabAB重组菌的ADC合成酶的酶活力提高了33%.SHMT酶的酶活力提高了30%,其最大比生长速率(μm)提高了48%,单位细胞产酸率(Yp/x)降低了36.2%;而敲除基因pabAB重组菌的ADC合成酶的酶活力降低了61%.SHMT酶的酶活力降低了20%,最大比生长速率降低了32%,单位细胞产酸率提高了12%.     

产丁二酸谷氨酸棒状杆菌基因缺失代谢工程菌株的构建

【目的】提高谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)ATCC13032厌氧条件下的丁二酸产量,并降低发酵产物中副产物的含量。【方法】以谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)ATCC13032为出发菌,首先敲除乳酸形成的关键酶乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldh),构建ldh缺失株谷氨酸棒状杆菌ATCC13032Δldh;然后以缺失株谷氨酸棒状杆菌ATCC13032Δldh为出发菌,敲除该菌的丙酮酸脱氢酶系的E1p酶基因(aceE),构建一株双缺失突变菌株谷氨酸棒状杆菌ATCC13032ΔldhΔaceE。【结果】与供试菌比较,谷氨酸棒状杆菌ATCC13032Δldh的丁二酸产量和转化率分别提高了94.9%和32%,并且主要的副产物乳酸产量由出发菌产量的63.5 g/L降低到很微量的程度。丙酮酸脱氢酶的失活并不能完全消除副产物乙酸的形成,但乙酸的产量较ATCC13032Δldh降低了37.9%,丁二酸的产量略有提高。【结论】该重组菌具有较强的丁二酸生产工业化潜力,并且该研究方法为微生物代谢育种提供参考。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌高丝氨酸脱氢酶编码基因hom的敲除

本研究以谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）标准菌株ATCC 13032染色体为模板,设计引物PCR扩增高丝氨酸脱氢酶编码基因（hom）,在hom基因内部插入一段来源于质粒pET28a的卡那霉素抗性基因（Km）,得到基因元件hom::Km;通过电击转化法将hom::Km转入出发菌株替换原菌株的hom,在含卡那霉素的平板上挑取阳性转化子,通过PCR验证得到高丝氨酸脱氢酶缺陷的重组菌。发酵结果表明重组菌C.g- hom::Km -8发酵60小时赖氨酸产量达到4.7 g／L,是出发菌株谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032（0.7 g／L）的6.7倍。     

产L-丝氨酸菌株SYPS-062的鉴定及碳源对发酵的影响

采用形态学、生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析的方法对从自然界中筛选得到的一株能直接利用糖质原料发酵生产L-丝氨酸菌株SYPS-062的分类地位进行了研究, 确定其为谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)。同时考察了碳源对菌株SYPS-062发酵产L-丝氨酸的影响, 实验结果表明, 当蔗糖浓度为60 g/L时, 菌株SYPS-062生物量和L-丝氨酸的积累均达到最大值, 分别为8.1 g/L和6.6 g/L。     

基于时间序列转录组筛选谷氨酸棒杆菌内源高效组成型启动子

启动子是重要的转录调控元件,广泛用于工业菌株的代谢工程改造。谷氨酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium glutamicum是重要的氨基酸生产菌株,但已报道的组成型强启动子较少。对谷氨酸高产菌Corynebacterium glutamicum SL4发酵过程的10个时间点样品进行转录组测序,筛选在发酵过程中稳定转录并且转录水平最高的10个基因;分别克隆其启动子序列至红色荧光蛋白(RFP)报告系统,通过荧光强度表征启动子在SL4菌株中的强度,再在野生型C. glutamicum ATCC 13869和ATCC 13032中验证部分启动子的通用性;并采用LacZ蛋白进一步评价强启动子的表达效果。结果显示,成功筛选到3个可以通用的组成型启动子P_(cysK)、P_(gapA)和P_(fumC)。其中P_(cysK)的表达强度最高,与诱导型强启动子P_(tac)对比,在SL4和13869菌株中均达到其2倍(RFP)和4倍(LacZ)以上;在ATCC 13032菌株中,P_(cysK)的表达强度为P_(tac)的0.3-0.4倍。Pcys K首次被报道为强启动子,可用于谷氨酸棒杆菌强化合成途径的代谢工程改造。     

钝齿棒杆菌精氨酸琥珀酸酶编码基因argH的克隆表达及其重组菌发酵产精氨酸研究

钝齿棒杆菌（Corynebacterium crenatum）SYPA是本实验室筛选获得的一株高产精氨酸生产菌株。精氨酸琥珀酸酶（AL）是精氨酸合成过程中的最后一个酶,催化底物精氨酸琥珀酸生成产物精氨酸。为进一步提高精氨酸产量,本文以钝齿棒杆菌基因组为模板,扩增得到其编码基因argH,全长为1434 bp,编码476个氨基酸,理论蛋白分子量大小为50.8 kDa,其与C. glutamicum ATCC 13032比对其同源性为99.4%,相差10 bp,3个氨基酸。将其在E.coli BL21(DE3)及C. crenatum SYPA中成功表达。利用载体pET-28a上的6×His?Tag选用Ni柱亲和层析纯化AL,纯化后获得的重组蛋白的比酶活达156.9mU/mg蛋白,总回收率为72.3%,对该酶的部分酶学性质进行了初步研究,并发现产物精氨酸对其具有反馈抑制作用。成功构建钝齿棒杆菌重组穿梭表达质粒pJC1-tac-argH并将其通过电击转化法转入C.crenatum SYPA中,加强其代谢途径中AL蛋白表达量,并对其发酵产精氨酸做了初步分析。结果表明与出发菌株相比,转化子在精氨酸琥珀酸酶酶活增强了66.8%的基础上精氨酸产量达40.9 g/L,比出发菌株产量的35.8 g/L提高了约14.2%。     

钝齿棒杆菌乙酰谷氨酸激酶编码基因argB的克隆表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

本研究的钝齿棒杆菌(Gorynebacterium crenatum SYPA)是筛选得到的高产精氨酸突变菌株,其中argB基因编码的乙酰谷氨酸激酶(NAGK)是精氨酸合成过程中的关键酶。为了进一步研究该酶的相关特性,以钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebacterium crenatum SYPA)基因组为模板,扩增得到其arB基因,成功构建了pET-28a-argB重组质粒,并在E.coli BL21(DE3)中诱导后高效表达。利用载体pET-28a上的His6·Tag标记选用Ni柱亲和层析法纯化表达具有活性的NAGK,纯化后酶的比活力达到7.28 U/mg,纯化倍数达66.18。并对该酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究,该酶的最适反应温度为30℃;最适pH值为9.0;酶学动力学参数以N-乙酰谷氨酸为底物的Km为3.35mmol/L;金属离子Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、螯合剂对乙酰谷氨酸激酶均有明显的抑制作用。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌YILW苏氨酸脱水酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质

将L-异亮氨酸生产菌谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum YILW)苏氨酸脱水酶(threonine de-hydratase,TD)的编码基因ilvA在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达及进行初步的酶学性质研究。分别以C.glutamicum ATCC13032、YILW的基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增出苏氨酸脱水酶的编码基因ilvA,测序获得编码序列。利用质粒PET-His将该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行重组表达、金属螯合纯化,对其酶学性质进行初步研究。结果显示C.glutamicum YILW编码基因序列与已报道的ilvA序列相差5个碱基,相似度为99.6%,第383位氨基酸由苯丙氨酸突变为缬氨酸。酶学性质研究表明:重组酶YilwTD最适反应温度为32℃,在20~55℃范围内该酶较稳定,最适pH为6.7,该酶底物专一性强,对最适底物苏氨酸的米氏常数Km=8.32 mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax=3.18×104U/mg,与野生型酶相比,突变(F383V)后可显著降低终产物对酶的反馈抑制作用。为揭示突变对苏氨酸脱水酶活性的影响及进一步利用基因工程技术改造L-异亮氨酸生产菌,提高L-异亮氨酸产量奠定了基础。     

Corynebacterium glutamicum contains 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthases that display novel biochemical features

3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase (EC 2.5.1.54) catalyzes the first step of the shikimate pathway that finally leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), and tyrosine (Tyr). In Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032, two chromosomal genes, NCgl0950 (aroF) and NCgl2098 (aroG), were located that encode two putative DAHP synthases. The deletion of NCgl2098 resulted in the loss of the ability of C. glutamicum RES167 (a restriction-deficient strain derived from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032) to grow in mineral medium; however, the deletion of NCgl0950 did not result in any observable phenotypic alteration. Analysis of DAHP synthase activities in the wild type and mutants of C. glutamicum RES167 indicated that NCgl2098, rather than NCgl0950, was involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli showed that both NCgl0950 and NCgl2098 encoded active DAHP synthases. Both the NCgl0950 and NCgl2098 DAHP synthases were purified from recombinant E. coli cells and characterized. The NCgl0950 DAHP synthase was sensitive to feedback inhibition by Tyr and, to a much lesser extent, by Phe and Trp. The NCgl2098 DAHP synthase was slightly sensitive to feedback inhibition by Trp, but not sensitive to Tyr and Phe, findings that were in contrast to the properties of previously known DAHP synthases from C. glutamicum subsp. flavum. Both Co2+ and Mn2+ significantly stimulated the NCgl0950 DAHP synthase's activity, whereas Mn2+ was much more stimulatory than Co2+ to the NCgl2098 DAHP synthase's activity.     

Genetic and biochemical analysis of the aspartokinase from Corynebacterium glutamicum

The lysC/asd gene cluster of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was cloned and sequenced. The lysC locus coding for aspartokinase consists of two in-frame overlapping genes, lysC alpha encoding a protein of 421 amino acids (Mr 44,300) and lysC beta encoding a protein of 172 amino acids (Mr 18,600). The C. glutamicum aspartokinase was purified and found to contain two proteins of Mr 47,000 and Mr 18,000. A C. glutamicum mutant expressing a feedback-resistant aspartokinase was shown to be changed in a single base pair of the lysC beta gene, leading to an amino acid exchange in the beta-subunit of the aspartokinase. In addition, the identified mutation was found to be responsible for the enhanced expression of the asd gene located downstream of lysC.     

代谢木糖重组谷氨酸棒杆菌的构建

为了使谷氨酸棒杆菌较好地利用木糖生产有机酸,将来自Escherichia coli K-12的木糖异构酶基因xylA构建到表达载体pXMJ19中,导入Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032Δldh中,成功表达了该酶基因。结果表明:重组菌株在以木糖为唯一C源进行发酵时,木糖的消耗速率为0.54 g/(L·h),木糖异构酶比酶活约为0.54 U/mL;在以木糖和葡萄糖的混合糖为C源进行发酵时,菌株优先利用葡萄糖,在葡萄糖完全消耗后,菌株开始有效利用木糖;以木糖为唯一C源进行两阶段发酵时,琥珀酸的收率可达(0.62±0.003)g/g。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌1dh基因的敲除

谷氨酸棒杆菌中ldh基因编码乳酸脱氢酶,可催化丙酮酸转化生成乳酸.利用重叠延伸PCR的方法,获得中间缺失部分序列的dldh基因片段,将其与载体pk 18mobsacB连接,转化大肠杆菌感受态,筛选出阳性转化子后,转化谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032感受态细胞.分别在卡那霉素抗性平板及10％蔗糖平板上进行两次筛选,利用PCR方法鉴定,成功获得ldh基因缺失的谷氨酸棒杆菌突变株ATCC 13032-(4)ldh.应用荧光定量PCR检测,ATCC 13032-(z)ldh中的ldh基因在转录水平与野生型菌株ATCC 13032相比,相对表达量为O.ldh基因的敲除对菌株的生长造成了一定的影响.     

The amrG1 gene is involved in the activation of acetate in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Corynebacterium glutamicum is an aerobic, Gram-positive microorganism, well known as a pro-ducer of several amino acids. Amino acid products are used on a large scale for food industry flavouring, feed additive, pharmaceutical and cosmetic purpose[1,2]. The organism is able to grow not only on glucose, fructose and lactose, but also on acetate, lactate as its sole carbon source. The growth on acetate requires its activation to acetyl-CoA. In C. glutamicum, acetate is activated in a two-step …