长距茧蜂生物学特性的研究

<正> 玉米螟不但危害玉米,而且还危害棉花,是上海地区玉米和棉花上的主要害虫,受害严重的田块,产量损失均可达二成以上。玉米螟幼虫有钻蛀为害的习性,药剂防治效果一般只达70％左右,上海郊区还有一定数量青饲料玉米田不能进行化学防治,第二代的虫口基数较高,因此采用生物防治等方法压低虫口基数,减少玉米螟对棉花的为害就显得更为重要。     

油松叶小卷蛾的生物学特性及防治研究

油松叶小卷蛾在河北省围场县培内危害油松较严重,本文对该虫的生物学特性进行了观察,并对其防治方法进行了初步研究。该虫１年１代,以卵在当年生针叶内侧凹槽内越冬。在幼虫６０％进入３龄时用烟雾机施放高效氯氰菊脂乳油烟雾,防治效果可达９０％以上;用同样方法在成虫羽化高峰期防治１次,杀虫率可达９９％以上。     

元宝槭潜叶叶蜂生物学特性及防治的研究

元宝槭潜叶叶蜂1988年首次发现于山东泰山．一年发生1代,以6龄老熟幼虫在地下土茧内滞育越夏、越冬．平均发育历期,卵7．3天,幼虫23．4天。蛹21天．翌年5月化蛹、羽化．该虫发生量与气候条件紧密相关．幼虫期可用50％久效磷乳油2000倍液．40％氧化乐果乳油1400倍液喷冠防治,效果可达90％以上;用以上两种药剂的原液树干打孔防治效果均在90％以上;用40％氧化乐果乳油5倍藏树干涂环防治效果可达90％．     

第二代二化螟产量损失结构的测定及其通径分析方法的应用

<正> 对水稻受害形成过程的研究和模型化,是害虫综合防治体系中的必要程序。分析二代二化螟的危害结构,是进一步认识其对产量损失形成过程,制定防治对策和产量损失度量的根据。鉴于此,作者用通径分析方法,测定了第二代二化螟对杂交稻的危害损失结构和三种被害对产量损失影响的作用。进而建立起危害与产量损失间的回归关系,提供进一步调查和应用的参考。     

筛豆龟蝽生物学特性观察及防治

筛豆龟蝽是浙江兰溪一带大豆上的一种主要害虫。该虫在浙江兰溪1年发生3代,以成虫越冬。第一代危害春大豆,是主害代,第二、三代危害夏秋大豆。2～3龄若虫期是药剂防治的最佳适期。敌敌畏、杀灭菊酯(或速灭杀丁)、水胺硫磷和乐果乳剂1000～3000倍稀释液,防治效果可达90％以上。     

陕南稻纵卷叶螟发生规律及防治研究

稻纵卷叶螟属迁飞性害虫。该虫在陕南稻区可完成3个世代。第一、二、三代2～3龄幼虫盛发期分别为6月下旬至7月上旬、7月下旬至8月上旬、8月底至9月上旬。常年以第二代危害较重,此时为防治关键时期;但在5～6月份雨量≥400mm以上的年份,第一代也要及时防治。防治药剂为25％杀虫双水剂,每亩0.2～0.25kg防治两次,防治效果在90％以上。     

贵州省杨白纹潜蛾生物学初步研究

本文首次报道了杨白织潜蛾LeucopterasusinellaHerrich－Schaffer在贵州的发生危害情况,详细记述了杨白纹潜蛾各虫态的形态特征和生物学特性。在贵阳和铜仁地区,杨树受害株率达95％～100％,受害叶率达75％以上,受害叶每叶虫数3.6米以上,株虫口密度84．8头以上。该虫在铜仁地区1年发生5代,越冬代9月上旬化蛹,翌年4月上旬羽化。成虫寿命4～8天。卵块产于叶片正面贴近主脉或主侧脉处,卵历期2～5天,每卵块平均16卵粒。幼虫孵化时从卵壳底部咬孔潜入叶片组织取食叶肉,历期8～20天,幼虫老熟后咬破上表皮钻出,在被害叶片背面或吐丝下垂至下部叶片的叶背或下部主干与分技交界处的树皮裂缝中织“H”形茧化蛹。第一至第四代蛹历期为8～11天。本文还提出了该虫的防治方法。     

锐劲特在水稻主要害虫总体防治中的应用研究

系列试验证明：锐劲特是水稻害虫多靶标防治中较好的防治药剂,5％锐劲特SC600mL/hm^2对白背飞虱的防效同25％噻嗪酮WP675g/hm^2加80％杀虫单WP750g/hm^2基本一致;对褐飞虱的防效,其速率性及持效性显著居优;对2代二化防治具有较好的效果,杀虫及保穗效果均明显高于杀虫单,差异显著,对稻纵卷叶螟、低龄稻苞虫的防治效果分别为77．52％,97．62％;用量为750mL/hm^2时,对高龄稻苞虫的防治效果为89．00％,可达一药多治的防治效果。     

褐稻虱和纹枯病复合防治指标的研究

经1987～1990年盆栽、小区和大田试验,结果表明褐稻虱和纹枯病对水稻孕穗期复合为害造成的产量损失主要表现在千粒重和结实率的降低。建立了复合为害产量损失预测式=0.08699+0.243521x_1+0.206998x_2。并将该预测式于1988～1989年进行了大田检验,结果经卡平方分析表明,符合大田实际褐稻虱和纹枯病复合为害产量损失,适用于预测。不同生育期水稻受害损失试验结果表明幼穗形成期至灌浆期受害,水稻产量均受到严重影响。在褐稻虱和纹枯病复合为害允许损失水平为3～5％时,防治指标定为:2～3龄若虫5～8头/丛,纹枯病病株率10～15％。     

茶尺蠖病毒杀虫剂田间使用技术的研究

茶尺蠖病毒杀虫剂应在每年茶尺蠖第1、2代和第5、6代的1～2龄幼虫期使用。在7.5×10~9～15.0×10~9PIB/hm~2的使用剂量下,幼虫期的防治效果可达98％以上。采用不同的喷雾器、不同的用水量及不同的喷施方式喷施,对防治效果无影响。但挑治和丛面喷施可大幅度节约防治成本费。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).