中国隐姬蜂属(膜翅目,姬蜂科)研究

报道采自我国的隐姬蜂属Cryptopimpla Taschenberg2新种:短尾隐姬蜂Cryptopimpla brevis Sheng,sp.nov.和河南隐姬蜂Cryptopimpla henanensis Sheng,sp.nov.,中国1新纪录种:古北隐姬蜂Cryptopimpla helvetica Brauns,1901.编制了中国已知种检索表.模式标本保存在国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.     

长臀姬蜂属一新种(膜翅目,姬蜂科)

报道分布于中国的长臀姬蜂属Coleocentrus Gravenhorst,1829种类,其中含1新种:褐长臀姬蜂Coleocentrus fulvus sp.nov..描述了新种的形态特征,并与近似种做了比较,编制了中国已知种检索表.标本保存在国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.     

中国蛀姬蜂属(膜翅目,姬蜂科)种类及一新种

报道蛀姬蜂属Schreineria Schreiner,1905中国已知种类及在江西省发现的该属l新种:凹蛀姬蜂Schreineria recava sp.nov..编制了中国已知种检索表.     

中国兜姬蜂属分类研究(膜翅目,姬蜂科)

报道兜姬蜂属Dolichomitus Smith 1新种:嵩兜姬蜂Dolichomitus songxianicus Sheng,sp.nov.及中国2新纪录种:头兜姬蜂D.cephalotes(Holmgren)、卡西兜姬蜂D.khasianus Gupta et Tikar.编制了中国已知的14种2亚种检索表.     

中国特姬蜂属种类记述(膜翅目,姬蜂科)

报道我国的特姬蜂属Teleutaea Forster,1869种类,含2新种:赤特姬蜂T.rufa sp.nov.、侧特姬蜂T.pleuralis sp.nov.,4中国新纪录种:角特姬蜂T.corniculata Momoi,1978、小特姬蜂T.diminuta Momoi,1978、东方特姬蜂 T.orientalis Kuslitzky,1973和乌苏里特姬蜂T.ussuriensis(Golovisnin,1928).编制了中国已知种检索表.     

河南点刻姬蜂属一新种（膜翅目：姬蜂科）

记述采自中国河南省西峡县老界岭自然保护区的点刻姬蜂属Ｃｉｓａｒｉｓ Ｔｏｗｎｅｓ１新种：软点刻姬蜂Ｃｉｓａｒｉｓ ｍｉｔｉｓ Ｐｅｉ ｅｔ Ｓｈｅｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,同时附本属世界已知种检索表,标本保存在国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站。     

中国的克里姬蜂及一新种记述 (膜翅目：姬蜂科)

列出了克里姬蜂属Kristotomus Mason 中国已知种名录。记述了采自河南省栾川县伏牛山的本属1新种申氏克里姬蜂Ksheni Sheng, sp. Nov,列出了与其近似种的鉴别特征。     

中国发现侵姬蜂属(膜翅目,姬蜂科)及一新种

报道在中国首次发现的侵姬蜂属Lamachus F(o)rster,1869.记述采自河南省宝天曼自然保护区的本属1新种:申氏侵姬蜂Lamachus sheni sp.nov..编制了东古北区已知种检索表.     

犁姬蜂亚科一新属二新种(膜翅目:姬蜂科)

本文记述横断山地区犁姬蜂亚科Acaenitinae一新属和二新种。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 粗点姬蜂属Asperpunctatus新属 模式种:黑粗点姬蜂Asperpunctatus nigrus新种 本属主要特征:头:胸部均具粗而密的刻点或刻纹。唇基端缘中央具弱的突起;下唇外露部分长为宽的0.7倍;上颚二端齿几乎等长;后头脊完整。盾纵沟明显,其长超过中胸盾片的中部;胸腹侧脊抵达前胸背板后缘中凹处之下;小盾片稍隆起;并胸腹节基部     

中国的克里姬蜂及一新种记述 (膜翅目：姬蜂科)

 列出了克里姬蜂属Kristotomus Mason 中国已知种名录。记述了采自河南省栾川县 伏牛山的本属1新种申氏克里姬蜂K. sheni Sheng, sp. Nov,列出了与其近似种的 鉴别特征。     

菊科新资料

记述了菊科6个属的一些新分类群和新分布,包含1个新组、3个新种、3个新变种、1个新名称、1个新组合和5个种的新记录。这些新分类群是黄鹌菜属蓝舌组、振铎黄鹌菜、蓝花黄鹌菜、青海乳苣、黄苞垂头菊、尼泊尔橐吾和半裂橐吾。     

Novelities of Asteraceae

Seven new taxa, including one new section, three new species and three new varieties, are described; one new name, Ligularia pojarkovana S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and one new combination, Ligularia liatroides (C. Winkl.) Hand.-Mazz. var. shifangensis (G. H. Chen et W. J. Zhang) S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho are made; five species are mentioned as new records. The seven new taxa are Youngia sect. Cyanoglossa S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Youngia zhenduoi S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Y. cyanea S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Mulgedium qinghaicum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Cremanthodium campanulatum (Franch.) Diels var. flavidum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. var. nepalensis S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and L. paradoxa Hand. Mazz. var.palmatifida S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho.     

New archaeogastropod limpets from hydrothermal vents: new family Peltospiridae, new superfamily Peltospiracea

Seven new species of limpets from hydrothermal vents are described in five new genera in the new family Peltospiridae (new superfamily Peltospiracea). Limpets in this family are known only from the hydrothermal vent community at two sites, near 21°N and 13°N, on the East Pacific Rise. New genera and species are: Peltospira , type species P. operculuta from both sites, and P. delicata from 13°N; Nodopelta , type species N. heminoda from both sites, and N. subnoda from 13°N; Rhynchopelta , type species R. concentrica from both sites; Echinopelta , type species E. fistulosa from 21°N; Hirtopelta , type specics H. hirta from 13°N. These limpets are associated with the Pompei worm Alvinella , except for Rhynchopelta, which is associated with the vestimentifcran worm Riftia .     

Some New Taxa and New Records of Charophyta from Guizhou

Guizhou is situated in the southwestern China and is very rich in algae However, our present knowledge of the Charophytes is scanty. Over 400 specimens were collected from 22 counties or cities and from them 41 species, 2 subspecies, 3 varieties were found. In addition to previously known species of this region, Nitella rasilis, N. paludosa, N. pseudopapillata and N. guizhouensis are new species, N. mirabilis var. libera is new variety, and N. penicillata, Chara burmanica, C. vulgaris var. gymnophylla are new records for China. In this paper, only the new taxa are reported.     

中国萝潜蝇属分类研究 (双翅目: 潜蝇科)

研究了中国萝潜蝇属Napomyza Westwood,确认该属在我国现知下列6种：环萝潜蝇Napomyza annulipes (Meigen),角萝潜蝇N.hirticornis(Hendel),菊茎萝潜蝇N.lateralis (Fallen),拟土萝潜蝇N.paratripolii sp. Nov.,毛萝潜蝇N. plumea Spencer和西藏萝潜蝇N. xizangensis sp. Nov.。除描述二新种并附特征图外, 还提供中国已知种类的鉴别特征和分种检索表。     

Some New Taxa and Records of Characeae in Hunan,China

In this paper, one new species, four new varieties and thirteen new records of Characeae from Hunan, China, are reported. They are Chara quadriscutulum, sp. nov., Nitella axilliformis var. biformis, var. nov., N. microcarpa var. unicarpa, var. nov., Chara braunii var. cylindrospora, var. nov., C. hydropitys var. hunanensis, var. nov., Nitella microcarpa Braun, N. leptoclada Braun, N. annandalei Pal, N. confervacea A. Braun, N. gracilliformis J. Groves, N. inversa Imahori, N. musashiensis Morioka, N. paucicostata T. F. Allen, N. acuminata var. gollmeriana (A. Br.) Zanev. et Wood, Tolypella boldii Sawa. Chara longifolia Robinson, C. pistianensis J. Vilhelm, C. grovesii Pal.     

Coupling sap flow velocity and amino acid concentrations as an alternative method to (15)N labeling for quantifying nitrogen remobilization by walnut trees

The temporal dynamics of N remobilization was studied in walnut (Juglans nigra x regia) trees growing in sand culture. Trees were fed with labeled N ((15)N) during 1999 and unlabeled N in 2000. Total N and (15)N contents in different tree compartments were measured during 80 d after bud burst and were used to estimate N remobilization for spring growth. The seasonal (and occasionally diurnal) dynamics of the concentration and (15)N enrichment of the major amino acids in xylem sap were determined concurrently. Sap flow velocity was also measured for sample trees. A new approach coupling amino acid concentrations to sap flow velocity for quantifying N remobilization was tested. A decrease of the labeled N contents of medium roots, tap roots, and trunk was observed concurrently to the increase in the labeled N content of new shoots. Remobilized N represented from previous year storage 54% of N recovered in new shoots. Arginine, citruline, gamma-amino butyric acid, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid always represented around 80% of total amino acid and amide N in xylem sap and exhibited specific seasonal trends and significant diurnal trends. N translocation was mainly insured by arginine during the first 15 d after bud burst, and then by glutamic acid and citruline. The pattern of N remobilization estimated by the new approach was consistent with that measured by the classical labeling technique. Implications for quantifying N remobilization for large, field-growing trees are discussed.     

Leaf habit influences nitrogen remobilization in Vaccinium species.

The effect of N supply on plant growth and leaf demography of a deciduous and an evergreen Ericaceae was studied in relation to their internal cycling of N. Mature ramets of Vaccinium myrtillus (deciduous) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (evergreen) were established in sand culture for 1 year with an adequate supply of a balanced nutrient solution. During one growing season, the plants were given two levels of N supply enriched with 15N and eight sequential destructive harvests were taken. Recovery of unlabelled N in the new shoot was used to determine the remobilization of N from storage. Initially, growth was unaffected by N supply. After May, High N enhanced growth for both species but the nature of their growth response differed. For both species, new shoot biomass and leaf number increased but root biomass production was affected for V. myrtillus only. Whole plant biomass production was similar for both species under High N, but was greater for V. vitis-idaea under Low N. The amount of N remobilized to support new shoot growth was similar for the two species and was independent of N current supply. N was remobilized predominantly from previous year leaves for V. vitis-idaea and from previous year stems and roots for V. myrtillus. The contribution of remobilization to new shoot N was similar for the two species, but depended on N supply. Remobilization was faster in V. myrtillus, but lasted longer in V. vitis-idaea. The results are discussed in relation to species growth in N-poor environments, focusing on the extent to which species-differences in the dynamic of N remobilization and growth may explain their adaptation to constant and/or changeable N supply.     

Linking sequestration of 13C and 15N in aggregates in a pasture soil following 8 years of elevated atmospheric CO2

The influence of N availability on C sequestration under prolonged elevated CO₂ in terrestrial ecosystems remains unclear. We studied the relationships between C and N dynamics in a pasture seeded to Lolium perenne after 8 years of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (FACE) conditions. Fertilizer‐¹⁵N was applied at a rate of 140 and 560 kg N ha^2?1 y^2?1 and depleted ¹³C‐CO₂ was used to increase the CO₂ concentration to 60 Pa pCO₂. The ¹³C–¹⁵N dual isotopic tracer enabled us to study the dynamics of newly sequestered C and N in the soil by aggregate size and fractions of particulate organic matter (POM), made up by intra‐aggregate POM (iPOM) and free light fraction (LF). Eight years of elevated CO₂ did not increase total C content in any of the aggregate classes or POM fractions at both rates of N application. The fraction of new C in the POM fractions also remained largely unaffected by N fertilization. Changes in the fractions of new C and new N (fertilizer‐N) under elevated CO₂ were more pronounced between POM classes than between aggregate size classes. Hence, changes in the dynamics of soil C and N cycling are easier to detect in the POM fractions than in the whole aggregates. Within N treatments, fractions of new C and N in POM classes were highly correlated with more new C and N in large POM fractions and less in the smaller POM fractions. Isotopic data show that the microaggregates were derived from the macro‐aggregates and that the C and N associated with the microaggregates turned over slower than the C and N associated with the macroaggregates. There was also isotopic evidence that N immobilized by soil microorganisms was an important source of N in the iPOM fractions. Under low N availability, 3.04 units of new C per unit of fertilizer N were sequestered in the POM fractions. Under high N availability, the ratio of new C sequestered per unit of fertilizer N was reduced to 1.47. Elevated and ambient CO₂ concentrations lead to similar ¹⁵N enrichments in the iPOM fractions under both low and high N additions, clearly showing that the SOM‐N dynamics were unaffected by prolonged elevated CO₂ concentrations.     

富士苹果萌芽至新梢旺长期肥料氮去向和土壤氮库盈亏

运用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,以5年生‘烟富3’/SH6/平邑甜茶苹果为试材,研究了萌芽至新梢旺长期不同施氮水平(0、50、100、150、200、250 kg·hm^-2)下肥料氮的吸收利用、土壤残留和土壤氮库盈亏特点.结果表明:早春施氮后,15N均优先分配到根系中,然后转运用于地上部新生器官(果实、新生枝叶)的形态建造.新梢旺长期结束后(施氮2个月后),5.9%~9.9%的肥料氮被树体吸收,29.8%~33.4%的肥料氮残留在0~60 cm土体中,56.7%~64.4%的肥料氮通过其他途径损失.随施氮水平的提高,树体吸收的肥料氮量和土壤残留氮量逐渐增加,但肥料氮利用率和土壤残留率却不断降低,同时损失量和损失率不断增加.随施氮水平的提高,土壤氮素总平衡由亏缺转为盈余,且盈余量随施氮水平的提高而显著提高.表明施氮不足将会造成土壤氮肥力的下降;而过量施氮则会加剧土壤氮素累积,增加氮素污染风险.施氮水平与土壤氮素总平衡呈显著线性相关关系,拟合方程为:y=0.3511x-20.808(R^2=0.9927),当施氮量为59.27 kg·hm^-2时,由萌芽至新梢旺长期的土壤氮库达到平衡.