笼养黑叶猴寄生虫的检查和防治研究

开展珍稀濒危物种的寄生虫感染状况调查对该物种的保护与研究十分重要。2015年5—6月对广西壮族自治区梧州黑叶猴繁殖中心内4个饲养片区的72只黑叶猴Trachypithecus francoisi进行寄生虫调查,共采集样本199份(其中皮屑样本2份,血液样本70份,粪便样本127份)。结果发现,仅22份粪便样本中含有毛首线虫Trichuris spp.卵,虫卵数100~1 850个/g;成体猴、亚成体猴、雄性个体、雌性个体毛首线虫的感染率分别为31.25%、29.17%、31.58%和29.41%。独立样本t检验表明,感染率在成体与亚成体之间(t=1.834,df=2,P0.05)、雄性与雌性之间的差异均无统计学意义(t=1.089,df=2,P0.05)。采用阿苯达唑伊维菌素预混剂0.1 g·kg-1驱虫5 d后,驱虫效果达到94%,说明其驱虫效果较好。     

中西兽医联合用药在羊瞒病治疗过程中的应用

目的:探讨中西兽医联合用药在羊瞒病治疗过程中的应用。方法:选取2013年11月-2015年9月养殖场患有羊瞒病的50头黑山羊,随机分成治疗组和对照组,各25头。其中对照组黑山羊采取伊维菌素进行治疗,并在饲料中拌入一定量的驱虫散;治疗组黑山羊采用阿维菌素B和阿苯达唑药物进行治疗,并在饲料中拌入一定量的驱虫散;比较两组黑山羊的临床治疗效果。结果:治疗组病羊感染率明显低于对照组,而虫体转阴率、螨虫治愈率明显高于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医联合用药在羊瞒病的治疗中效果显著,能降低不良反应的发生率,值得大量地临床推广。     

四川绵阳地区野生猕猴肠道寄生虫感染的调查研究

对四川绵阳地区野生猕猴抽样100只,分别采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和沉淀集印法检查粪便中寄生虫卵,监测肠道寄生虫的感染率和感染强度。结果显示,感染当地野生猕猴的肠道寄生虫主要有8种,总感染率为78．0％,分别为：吸虫50．0％,毛尾线虫48．0％,蛲虫41．0％,钩虫32．0％,蛔虫26．0％,泡状带绦虫16．0％,球虫4．0％,后圆线虫4．0％,感染强度为毛尾线虫“＋＋＋＋”,蛲虫“＋＋＋＋”,吸虫“＋＋＋”,钩虫“＋＋＋”,蛔虫“＋＋”,泡状带绦虫“＋”,球虫“＋”,后圆线虫“＋”。表明该地区野生猕猴寄生虫感染较普遍,感染强度较大。     

野生太行猕猴肠道寄生虫感染的初步调查

为了解野生太行猕猴(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、改良抗酸染色法和卢戈碘液染色法对194份粪便样品进行检查,结果共检查出阿米巴原虫(Amoebasp.)、等孢球虫(Isospora sp.)、鞭虫(Trichuris sp.)、圆线虫(Strongylid sp.)、泡翼线虫(Physaloptera sp.)、蛲虫(Enterobius叩.)、蛔虫(Ascarid sp.)7种寄生虫.寄生虫总感染率为97.4%,线虫感染率为93.8%.其中,鞭虫感染率最高,为91.2%;阿米巴原虫和圆线虫次之,分别为67.5%和60.8%.寄生虫混合感染率为87.1%;鞭虫、泡翼线虫、圆线虫3种线虫混合感染率为71%,同时感染其中2种的占42%,同时感染3种的占29%.对鞭虫卵、圆线虫卵和泡翼线虫卵进行感染强度测定,92%以上阳性样品线虫卵的EPG值在2 000以下.等孢球虫为非人灵长类国内新发现种;所检出寄生虫中,阿米巴原虫、鞭虫、泡翼线虫、蛲虫、蛔虫均可感染人,因此具有重要的公共卫生意义.     

中国圈养麝内寄生虫感染情况调查

为了掌握我国圈养麝内寄生虫感染情况,为圈养麝内寄生虫病防控技术的研究提供科学依据。本研究抽样采集圈养麝新鲜粪样,采用循序沉淀法、离心漂浮法和贝尔曼法进行粪样中寄生虫虫卵(或卵囊)和幼虫的检查。从四川、陕西、甘肃和湖北等地24个养麝场中抽样采集了1049只麝的新鲜粪样,共查到9种(类)寄生虫虫卵(或卵囊)和幼虫,总阳性率为71.21%。其中,球虫Eimeria sp.卵囊阳性率达44.61%,卵囊密度(OPG)为800~54 400;线虫卵(未定科属)阳性率次之,为11.73%,虫卵密度(EPG)为300~18 700;而肺线虫(网尾属Dictyocaulus sp.)幼虫、毛细线虫Capillaria sp.卵、毛圆线虫Trichostrongyloides sp.卵、食道口线虫Oesophagostmum sp.卵、绦虫Anoplocephalidae sp.卵、类圆线虫Strongyloides sp.卵和毛首线虫(鞭虫Trichuris sp.)卵的阳性率分别为6.01%、2.00%、1.81%、1.53%、0.95%、1.24%和1.33%。调查表明我国圈养麝感染的内寄生虫种(类)多,感染率较高,其中以球虫和线虫感染情况最严重。     

亚洲象寄生虫驱虫效果报道

我园1984年11月从云南购入4只亚洲象,入园后经过系统的寄生虫检查,发现寄生有肝片形吸虫、象芬德吸虫、象线首钩虫、印度摩西德线虫、摩西德摩西德吸虫、镰状摩西德线虫、特拉文奎隆线虫和马蹄属线虫(大公象还寄生有裂体吸虫)。用药物先后治疗,发现左旋咪唑、阿苯唑对线虫驱虫良好,对肝片形吸虫稍差,对裂体吸虫无效;吡喹酮对裂体吸虫有效。以后又连续在3个月内用阿苯唑12—13mg/kg(每月两天),未见副反应,体况明显好转。现将结果简报如下:大公象:左旋咪唑(3mg/kg)、阿苯唑(4mg/kg)、吡喹酮(25mg/kg);驱出线虫4000条,前后盘吸虫1950条,2月后粪…     

阿苯达唑联合吡喹酮治疗肝吸虫病人血清因子分子水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨阿苯达唑联合吡喹酮治疗肝吸虫患者的血清因子分子水平变化及临床意义。方法:选取2013年6月到2014年6月于我院就诊的肝吸虫患者共56例,将患者分为两组,观察组和对照组患者各28例,对照组患者进行吡喹酮治疗;观察组患者在对照组药物治疗的基础之上,再联合采用阿苯达唑进行治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组患者转阴率为96.4%,明显高于对照组64.3%,且观察组患者血清IL-2和IFN-γ治疗后明显增加,血清IL-2明显降低。结论:阿苯达唑联合吡喹酮能有效治疗肝吸虫病,并且能够维持患者血清因子水平平衡,值得在临床上大量推广使用。     

旋毛虫三个分离株对小鼠感染性与对阿苯达唑敏感性的初步观察

比较旋毛虫三个分离株对小鼠感染性和对阿苯达唑的敏感性。从幼虫囊包感染鼠肌肉的平均数量的差异,表明美国株（ＡＭ）对昆明株小鼠最易感,其次为黑龙江猪株（ＨＰ）,黑龙江犬株（ＨＤ）的感染性最低,三株的感染性有明显不同。从阿苯达唑损伤幼虫囊包的数量（％）差异,显示美国株对该药物最第三囊包幼虫的受损率（％）最高,黑龙江猪株对阿苯达唑的敏感性最低。提示旋毛虫对药物的敏感性差异,可作为其虫种或虫株的区分标准之一     

丹江口水库马口鱼肠道寄生蠕虫群落结构

从2004年8月到2005年11月在丹江口水库调查的847尾马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)肠道内共获得寄生蠕虫14种,其中线虫7种,复殖吸虫4种,棘头虫2种,绦虫1种。该寄生蠕虫群落以广谱性寄生虫为主。杜父鱼驼形线虫(Camallanus cotti)、鱊头槽绦虫(Bothriocephalus acheilognathi)、卡斯杆咽线虫(Rhabdochona cascadilla)和木村小棘吻虫(Micracanthorhynchina motomurai)为群落的核心种。研究结果表明,寄生蠕虫群落随着马口鱼的体长和食性的改变而发生显著的变化。群落核心种的感染强度与马口鱼体长呈显著相关关系。种间相关性分析表明群落结构呈非随机组合,种间感染强度存在显著的相关性。同时群落种间关系受到马口鱼的体长和食性以及季节变化的显著影响。马口鱼肠道寄生蠕虫群落在宿主较大个体或夏秋季节中更容易形成显著的种间相关性。     

人工饲养条件下喜玛拉雅旱獭寄生虫病综合防治

目的制订规模化饲养喜玛拉雅旱獭寄生虫病综合防治措施,提高喜马拉雅旱獭的数量和质量及保证动物实验结果的准确性.方法 根据喜玛拉雅旱獭寄生虫检测结果,选择1%伊维菌素注射液按每千克体重0.02 ml皮下注射,连用5～7 d,制定并落实标本兼治的防疫措施和日常卫生消毒管理制度.结果给药后10 d和30 d取新鲜粪便检测,体内外寄生虫0%感染,停药90 d后未检测到寄生虫成虫和虫卵.结论通过采取药物驱虫和日常卫生管理及综合防治措施,使喜马拉雅旱獭寄生虫病控制收到良好效果.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.