西藏墨脱发现棕腹隼雕

正2019年4月15日在西藏林芝市墨脱县墨崩公路段(95°13′23″E,29°16′02″N,海拔800 m)、4月18日在波墨公路80k附近(95°29′28″E,29°39′33″N,海拔2 097 m)分别发现1只棕腹隼雕(Lophotriorchis kienerii)亚成体,并拍摄到其中1只的照片(图1)。该鸟具有白色的眉纹,深色的过眼纹向后延伸至后颈,脸颊、颈侧和喉部白色,翅形宽大,初级飞羽基部腹面有较明显的深色条带,尾黑褐色具黑色     

粗毛肉果草青藏高原新分布

报道了青藏高原通泉草科(Mazaceae)肉果草属(Lancea)粗毛肉果草(Lancea hirsuta Bonati)新分布。该种分布于西藏八宿县(30°12′3.8″N,97°16′48″E)、西藏林周县(30°4′58.8″N,91°16′48″E)、西藏当雄县(30°32′24″N,91°20′24″E)和青海杂多县(33°4′48″N,95°9′36″E),该次发现将中国该种自然分布区扩大到西藏、青海等地,海拔分布也增加至4 300m。凭证标本现存于中国科学院青藏高原生物标本馆(HNWP)。     

西藏札达及米林发现噪鹃

正在开展西藏第二次陆生野生动物资源调查工作过程中,于2015年6月18日在西藏自治区札达县底雅乡底雅村(31°46′55.5″N,78°52′5.1″E,海拔2 977 m)观察并拍摄到1只雄性噪鹃(Eudynamys scolopaceus)。另一组调查人员曾于2015年5月1日在西藏自治区林芝市米林县羌纳乡岗嘎村遮磨岗(29°18′28.15″N,94°21′44.23″E,3 000 m)听到过噪鹃的叫声。     

云南盈江发现长嘴钩嘴鹛指名亚种

正2017年1月4日、2018年1月12日,盈江观鸟爱好者杜银磊在云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州盈江县洪崩河流域的支流真通卡河附近的"鸟塘"(24°26′50.62″N,97°35′58.21″E,海拔636 m;24°26′54.66″N,97°36′02.42″E,海拔657 m),以及2018年3月10日徐永春在盈江县太平镇石梯村附近的"鸟塘"(24°27′17.90″N,97°33′26.53″E,     

江苏省连云港发现黑冠■

正2019年3月29日16时左右在江苏省连云港市海滨公园(34°44′52″N,119°21′55″E,海拔13 m)发现1只体型略小的鹭科鸟类(图1)。该鸟头顶及羽冠黑色,脸部栗褐色,上体暗棕栗色带黑色蠹状纹;下体喉白、中部     

中国无尾两栖类新记录种——朝鲜侧褶蛙北大核心CSCD

2021年9月在沈阳市蒲河湿地公园(41°41′54″N,122°52′19″E,海拔35 m)采集到3号无尾两栖类动物,经形态特征比较确认为侧褶蛙属(Pelophylax)金线侧褶蛙种组(P.plancyi species complex)的物种。基于线粒体12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因联合构建的侧褶蛙属部分物种最大似然系统发育树显示,采集到的侧褶蛙标本与朝鲜侧褶蛙(P.chosenicus)聚为一支,且具有较高的支持率(0.95)。综合形态和系统发育比较,确定采集到的标本为无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)侧褶蛙属的朝鲜侧褶蛙,系中国两栖动物分布新记录种。     

山西省夏县和沁水县发现银脸长尾山雀

正在进行环保部生物多样性监测示范项目的鸟类野外调查期间,曾分别于2016年4月14日和27日在山西省夏县太宽河省级自然保护区王家河管护站附近林区(35°6′20.48″N,111°29′59.14″E,海拔1 163 m),4月15日、25日和26日以及5月25日在山西省沁水县历山国家级自然保护区下川保护站附近林区(35°26′31.28″N,112°1′46.25″E,海拔1 633 m)多次观察并拍摄到银脸长尾山雀(Aegithalos fuliginosus),经查阅相关文献(郑作     

湖南壶瓶山发现褐冠鹃隼

正2017年5月12日,在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区长岭曹家垭(29°58′48.43″N,110°52′42.30″E,海拔661 m)拍摄到一只低空盘旋体型较大的猛禽。该鸟翅形圆,飞羽上具暗灰色和黑色横带,余部红褐色横纹与腹部相连,尾羽具3道宽阔的暗色横斑,经鉴定为褐冠鹃隼(Aviceda jerdoni)(图1)。经查阅相关文献(约翰·马敬能等2000,赵正阶2001,郑光美2011),确定为湖南省鸟类分布新记录种。     

重庆市鸟类新纪录——家八哥

2010年4月14日,重庆清华中学寻禽记观鸟会在重庆市巴南区的清华自然保护小区缓冲区南观景台(106°32′11″E,29°27′22″N,海拔200 m)附近发现1对偏褐色八哥,1只在樟树上鸣叫,1只在水沟饮水;次日在核心区罗家湾林区(106°32′9″E,29°27′28″N,海拔190 m)又听见其鸣叫声.经鉴定为重庆市鸟类新纪录--家八哥Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766).     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.