生物光子成像专题序言

本专题刊由八篇有关生物组织光学成像方面的邀稿 (Invited papers)及一些常规文章组成。近年来 ,在高散射介质中 (尤其在生物组织中 )光输运问题被越来越广泛和深入的研究。这些研究可以开发一些新的无损而又廉价的医学光学成像技术。光学成像因其可以提供生理学功能型的医学影像 ,而引起学术界广泛的关注。光学成像主要包括漫射光断层成像、相干光断层成像 (OCT)、早到光子技术、超声调制技术、磁光调制技术、偏振调制技术、漫射光断层成像等等方面。另一方面 ,荧光标记成像、单分子探测等等手段 ,拓展了研究范围 ,提供了更多的处理方法…     

生物光学成像专刊征文通知

本专刊主要由有关生物组织光学成像方面的邀稿和投稿组成。近年来 ,在高散射介质中 (尤其在生物组织中 )光输运问题被越来越广泛和深入的研究。这些研究可以开发一些新的无损而又廉价的医学光学成像技术。光学成像因其可以提供生理学功能型的医学影像 ,而引起学术界广泛的关注。光学成像主要包括漫射光断层成像、相干光断层成像 ( OCT)、早到光子技术、超声调制技术、磁光调制技术、偏振调制技术等等方面。在这些技术中 ,相干光断层成像具有较高的空间分辨率 ,技术相对比较成熟 ,但其检测深度有限。漫射光断层成像的空间分辨率是比较低的 …     

生物光学成像专题征文通知

本专刊主要由有关生物组织光学成像方面的邀稿和投稿组成。近年来 ,在高散射介质中 (尤其在生物组织中 )光输运问题被越来越广泛和深入的研究。这些研究可以开发一些新的无损而又廉价的医学光学成像技术。光学成像因其可以提供生理学功能型的医学影像 ,而引起学术界广泛的关注。光学成像主要包括漫射光断层成像、相干光断层成像 ( OCT)、早到光子技术、超声调制技术、磁光调制技术、偏振调制技术等等方面。在这些技术中 ,相干光断层成像具有较高的空间分辨率 ,技术相对比较成熟 ,但其检测深度有限。漫射光断层成像的空间分辨率是比较低的 …     

国际生物光子及生物光子学会议将于2003年10月在北京召开

00 3年 10月 12～ 16日将在北京召开国际生物光子及生物光子学会议 (ＩＣＢＢ) ,议题包括 :生物光子的物理、化学和生物学性质 ;生物光子在医学、农业和环境中的应用 ;生物系统中光子传播、散射、反射的物理学 ;生物大分子荧光标记的新方法 ;肿瘤非损伤诊断、定位和治疗的光学新进展 ;光成像和内窥镜 ;亚细胞水平的光学成像 ;功能分子成像和分子化学成像 ;测量及可视化的新光学技术等等。感兴趣者 ,可与中国生物物理学会魏舜仪女士联系。Ｅ＿ｍａｉｌ:<ｓｂ @ｓｕｎ5 .ｉｂｐ .ａｃ .ｃｎ >.国际生物光子及生物光子学会议将于2003年10月在北…     

光学成像在肿瘤研究中的应用

随着分子标记技术的发展,光学成像技术作为一种非侵入性动态成像技术,以其高分辨率、高灵敏度正越来越多的应用于医学和生物学的研究.该文重点介绍了在体生物光学成像技术在肿瘤的转移机制、药物对肿瘤的疗效、肿瘤细胞凋亡、肿瘤血管生成等方面的应用.     

光声成像及其在生物医学中的应用

光声成像是一种新近迅速发展起来、基于生物组织内部光学吸收差异、以超声作媒介的无损生物光子成像方法,它结合了纯光学成像的高对比度特性和纯超声成像的高穿透深度特性的优点,以超声探测器探测光声波代替光学成像中的光子检测,从原理上避开了光学散射的影响,可以提供高对比度和高分辨率的组织影像,为研究生物组织的结构形态、生理特征、代谢功能、病理特征等提供了重要手段,在生物医学临床诊断以及在体组织结构和功能成像领域具有广泛的应用前景.对光声成像技术的机理、光声成像技术和方法、光声图像重建算法以及光声成像在生物医学上的应用情况作一个简单介绍,希望有助于推动我国在该领域的科研和开发应用工作的迅速发展.     

编者按

生物光子学是近几年来迅速崛起的一门生物物理学新技术, 它通过生物光子与物质的相互作用, 以图像的方式提供生物组织、细胞、分子的结构和功能信息。在医学无损伤诊断、细胞内分子过程的探测和脑功能成像方面,展示了良好的应用前景。本期刊登的王进军、王毅和屈军乐等的三篇论文反映了生物光子学研究在我国的兴起。王进军等应用荧光共振能量转移（简称FRET）研究了活细胞内蛋白激酶RKA活性的时空变化; 屈军乐等介绍了一种新型光学相干层析成像技术,并用它得到了视网膜上单个锥状细胞的图像; 王毅等则报道了一种新的研究生物组织结构的光声成像方法。我们希望,这三篇论文的发表能激起读者对生物光子成像技术的兴趣,并使这一技术在生命科学研究中受到更多的 关注。     

运用结构光照明的活细胞超高分辨率成像技术

<正>进入21世纪以来出现了多种超高分辨率荧光成像技术,打破了光学分辨率的极限,将光学分辨率提高到几十纳米的尺度,可以用来观察精细的细胞内器官的结构和位置信息,因此被广泛地应用于生物学研究中.超高分辨率荧光成像技术主要分为三大类,基于受激发射光淬灭(stimulated emission depletion,STED)技术,基于单分子开关的超高分辨率定位技术(包括光激活定位显微成像术     

光学量,光子量和单位在激光生物学中的应用

激光生物学是光子学和生物学相结合的交叉边缘学科,根据《光及有关电磁辐射的量和单位》国际标准（ＩＳＯ／ＤＩＳ３１－６,１９９０）和我国国家标准（ＧＢ３１０２．６,１９９３）,本文讨论了在激光生物学中常用的光学量、光子量和单位。     

综述与专论: 肝脏免疫的活体显微光学成像研究进展

光学分子成像技术是在活体复杂的组织区域环境内细胞形态、运动与功能研究的最佳手段之一,极大地推进了免疫学的发展．肝脏是机体新陈代谢和解毒的重要器官,也被视为一个免疫器官．解析肝脏免疫基本特性和功能,对防治肝脏疾病以及全身性相关疾病具有重要意义．活体可视化研究肝脏区域生理或者病理状态下免疫应答,提供关键事件的多细胞参与及其彼此交互的时空动态信息,能极大地丰富对肝脏独特免疫反应的认知．本文将重点阐述目前活体肝脏成像的技术与方法以及光学显微成像技术,例如多光子激发显微成像与转盘共聚焦成像在肝脏免疫中的应用,并展望活体肝脏成像今后的发展方向和面临的机遇与挑战．     

光镊和拉曼光镊在生物医学研究中的应用

光镊是由美国科学家Arthur Ashkin于1986年发明的,是一种利用高度汇聚的激光束产生的三维梯度势阱来俘获、操纵微小粒子的技术。因其可俘获、操纵单个细胞,并在细胞和亚细胞层次上为生物医学研究提供方便,近年来,已越来越多地被应用于生物医学研究中。本文在介绍光镊的原理和特点的基础上,阐述了光镊(尤其是拉曼光镊)技术在生物医学领域中的研究进展、现状和展望。     

Optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh resolution in vivo imaging

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging biomedical optical imaging technique that performs high-resolution, cross-sectional tomographic imaging of microstructure in biological systems. OCT can achieve image resolutions of 1-15 microm, one to two orders of magnitude finer than standard ultrasound. The image penetration depth of OCT is determined by the optical scattering and is up to 2-3 mm in tissue. OCT functions as a type of 'optical biopsy' to provide cross-sectional images of tissue structure on the micron scale. It is a promising imaging technology because it can provide images of tissue in situ and in real time, without the need for excision and processing of specimens.     

光学相干层析成像技术在内窥镜中的应用

光学相干层析成像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)技术是继X射线成像、核磁共振成像、超声成像等之后的一种新型的成像技术,其可光纤化的特点使得它易于医用电子内窥镜相结合。OCT内窥镜技术可实现对人体内部器官的高速率、高分辨率、无损伤、实时成像。主要介绍了OCT技术的种类、基本原理以及包括探测深度和纵向分辨率等的参数;简述了OCT内窥镜的发展历史以及最新成果,重点分析了光源对OCT内窥镜的影响。总结了OCT内窥镜的主要应用。     

Novel selective and non-selective optical detection of micro-organisms

A new instrument, capable of detecting metabolic changes due to microbiological activity, is described. Optical changes in growth media are monitored in a semi-fluid zone that separates the liquid medium containing the sample. Data demonstrate that common media can be utilized in conjunction with this rapid automated technology. Nutrient broth with the pH dye indicator bromocresol purple was suitable for total counts. Selective media containing dyes were utilized to assess the presence or absence of specific groups of organisms. Biochemical reactions, such as lysine decarboxylase activity, were identified by the unique generated patterns, and specific enzymatic cleavage reactions with chromogenic substrates, such as 5-bromo-4 chloro-3 indolyl-β- D -glucuronic acid (X-GLUC), were monitored.     

Surface plasmon resonance based biosensor technique: A review

Optical Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors represent the most advanced and developed optical label‐free biosensor technology. Optical SPR biosensors are a powerful detection and analysis tool that has vast applications in environmental protection, biotechnology, medical diagnostics, drug screening, food safety and security. This article reviews the recent development of SPR biosensor techniques, including bulk SPR and localized SPR (LSPR) biosensors, for detecting interactions between an analyte of interest in solution and a biomolecular recognition. The concepts of bulk and localized SPs and the working principles of both sensing techniques are introduced. Major sensing advances on biorecognition elements, measurement formats, and sensing platforms are presented. Finally, the discussions on both biosensor techniques as well as comparison of both SPR sensing techniques are made. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

532 nm和808 nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常膀胱与膀胱癌组织光学特性

采用双积分球系统和光辐射测量技术的基本原理 ,以及运用生物组织的光学模型 ,研究了 5 32nm和80 8nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常膀胱和膀胱癌组织的光学特性 .结果表明 :膀胱癌组织对同一波长的激光或其线偏振激光的衰减明显较正常膀胱组织的要大 ,膀胱癌组织对 5 32nm和 80 8nm激光的衰减均较其线偏振激光的要略大一些 .膀胱癌组织对 5 32nm和 80 8nm激光及其线偏振激光的衰减明显较正常膀胱组织的要大 .正常膀胱或膀胱癌组织对同一波长的激光及其线偏振激光的折射率均没有明显的差异 ,膀胱癌组织对 5 32nm和80 8nm激光的折射率比正常膀胱的明显要大 .Kubelka Munk二流模型下 ,两种组织对同一波长的激光或其线偏振激光的光学特性均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) .同一组织对不同波长的激光及其线偏振激光的光学特性也有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,正常膀胱组织对同一波长的激光及其线偏振激光的光学性有明显差异 ,而膀胱癌组织对同一波长的激光及其线偏振激光的光学特性则没有明显差异 .膀胱癌组织对 5 32nm和 80 8nm激光及其线偏振激光的前向散射通量i (x)、后向散射通量 j (x)、总散射通量I (x)的衰减均较正常膀胱组织的明显要大得多 ,且其i (x)均明显较j (x)要强     

Estimation of Lipid Reserves in Unstained Living and Dead Nematodes by Image Analysis

During storage, non-feeding stages of entomopathogenic nematodes become visibly more transparent due to depletion of energy reserves. Optical density per unit area (OD per area) of infective juveniles of Steinernerna carpocapsae (All) and two Heterorhabditis isolates (UK211 and HF85) was measured with an image analysis system and compared with neutral lipid levels obtained by Oil Red O staining. Optical density (OD) measurements were compared with triglyceride levels of UK211 and HF85. Good correlations between OD per area and neutral lipids (0.90) and between OD and triglycerides (0.87) were found. Thus, OD reflects lipid levels and can be used as an indicator of lipid reserves in these nematodes. Heat-killing of nematodes had no significant effect on OD measurements, but length increased significantly. Storage in a triethanolamine in formaldehyde solution decreased the OD and OD/area by about 5% to 8%. An additional advantage of the image analysis method described is that repeated measurements can be performed on live nematodes. Key words: entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis, image analysis, neutral lipid, Oil Red O, optical density, Steinernema, triglyceride.     

光学分子影像技术及其在药物研发领域的应用

光学分子影像技术是一种发展迅速的生物医学影像技术,能够利用生物发光技术或荧光蛋白等,对生物体内特定的生物过程进行无创的定性或定量研究。应用该技术可以对药物进行筛选,选取具有潜在治疗效果的药物进行后续研究,而终止对可能无效药物的研究,同时可以评价药物对肿瘤的代谢、增殖、血管形成、凋亡和组织乏氧等方面的影响。本文主要介绍光学分子影像技术及其在药物研发,尤其是抗肿瘤药物研发领域的应用。     

Optical switches and triggers for the manipulation of ion channels and pores

Like fluorescence sensing techniques, methods to manipulate proteins with light have produced great advances in recent years. Ion channels have been one of the principal protein targets of photoswitched manipulation. In combination with fluorescence detection of cell signaling, this has enabled non-invasive, all-optical experiments on cell and tissue function, both in vitro and in vivo. Optical manipulation of channels has also provided insights into the mechanism of channel function. Optical control elements can be classified according to their molecular reversibility as non-reversible phototriggers where light breaks a chemical bond (e.g. caged ligands) and as photoswitches that reversibly photoisomerize. Synthetic photoswitches constitute nanoscale actuators that can alter channel function using three different strategies. These include (1) nanotoggles, which are tethered photoswitchable ligands that either activate channels (agonists) or inhibit them (blockers or antagonists), (2) nanokeys, which are untethered (freely diffusing) photoswitchable ligands, and (3) nanotweezers, which are photoswitchable crosslinkers. The properties of such photoswitches are discussed here, with a focus on tethered photoswitchable ligands. The recent literature on optical manipulation of ion channels is reviewed for the different channel families, with special emphasis on the understanding of ligand binding and gating processes, applications in nanobiotechnology, and with attention to future prospects in the field.     

Detecting mouse squamous cell carcinoma from submicron full-field optical coherence tomography images by deep learning

The standard medical practice for cancer diagnosis requires histopathology, which is an invasive and time-consuming procedure. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an alternative that is relatively fast, noninvasive, and able to capture three-dimensional structures of epithelial tissue. Unlike most previous OCT systems, which cannot capture crucial cellular-level information for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) diagnosis, the full-field OCT (FF-OCT) technology used in this paper is able to produce images at sub-micron resolution and thereby facilitates the development of a deep learning algorithm for SCC detection. Experimental results show that the SCC detection algorithm can achieve a classification accuracy of 80% for mouse skin. Using the sub-micron FF-OCT imaging system, the proposed SCC detection algorithm has the potential for in-vivo applications.