三唑酮对黄瓜子叶抗氧化酶活力的影响

黄瓜子叶衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸－过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）活性降低,而过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性升高。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮右明显提高ＳＯＤ,ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性,抑制ＰＯＤ活性升高。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮减轻脂氧化程度,延缓了叶片的衰老。     

酸雨胁迫下,稀土元素对菠菜膜保护系统作用

利用盆栽实验,探讨了酸雨胁迫下对菠菜膜保护酶系统的防护效应,实验结果表明,单一酸雨处理会造成超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）,过氧化酶（ＣＡＴ）活性总体水平下降,其变化曲线呈“Ａ”形,并使过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性明显增加,施用稀土元素后酸雨胁迫下的植株叶片中ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性总体水平上升,变化曲线的峰值向酸度较大的方向移动,ＰＯＤ活性上升幅度减小,３种膜保护酶的活性与单一酸雨处理组相比,处在一种结稳定的状     

水分胁迫对龙眼幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化及内源保护体系的影响

对龙眼（ＤｉｍｏｃａｒｐｕｓｌｏｎｇａｎａＬｏｕｒ．）实生幼苗进行人工水分胁迫,检测其抗氧化酶和抗氧化剂的变化,研究了干旱对叶片膜脂过氧化及内源保护体系的影响,结果表明,在水分胁迫下,龙眼叶片ＲＷＣ下降,电解质渗漏上升,ＲＷＣ的下降和电解质渗漏的上升呈极显著负相关;叶片中ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性及ＭＤＡ含量明显上升,且与电解质渗漏的增加呈极显著正相关;叶片中可溶性蛋白质,ＧＳＨ含量和ＡｓＡ－ＰＯＤ活性显     

三唑酮对绿豆幼苗叶片衰老的延缓作用

三唑酮处理可提高离体绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓＬ．）幼苗叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量。叶片衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡｓＡＰＯＤ）活性及抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量降低。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮可提高ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量,对ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性无影响。丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,并与ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量呈显著负相关,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮有提高植物对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力,延缓叶片的衰老作用。     

人为干扰对亚热带森林木本植物叶片抗氧化能力的影响

旅游、宗教活动及工厂废气等不同类型的人为干扰引起亚热带森林木本植物荷木和马尾松叶片膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显增加,超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）活性和谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）的含量则减少。荷木叶片的ＭＤＡ高于怪尾构,而ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ活性和ＧＳＨ含量却低于马尾松。人为干扰使荷木和马尾松叶片蛋白总量降低,酪蛋白水解酶、氨肽酶和内肽     

镍对水稻离体叶片脂质过氧化作用的影响

杂交水稻离体叶片用１０－３ｍｏｌ／ＬＮｉＳＯ４处理后,镍阻抑了叶片在衰老过程中ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ酶活性的下降和ＡｓＡ氧化酶活性的上升,ＡｓＡ和叶绿素含量的下降得到延缓,减少了膜脂过氧化程度。     

作物细胞耐旱保护酶系统对外磁场的反应

作物细胞的耐旱保护酶由过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ） 、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ） 和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ） 组成。对小麦种子施加０．１Ｔ 的磁场处理使其萌发时细胞中ＰＯＤ 活性提高,幼苗根系和叶片细胞中的ＰＯＤ 活性也发生了变化,叶片的ＰＯＤ 同工酶谱中多出了两个酶带。使用蛋白质合成抑制剂和转录抑制剂发现,ＰＯＤ 活性提高的原因是磁场处理促进了ＰＯＤ 合成的翻译过程。干旱胁迫下,经磁场处理的幼苗叶片细胞中的ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ 和ＳＯＤ 活性均比对照高,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ ＭＤＡ） 含量比对照低,表明保护酶系统的功能有所增强。     

钙对水稻幼苗抗冷性的影响

ＣａＣｌ２浸种提高水稻幼苗叶片中结合态钙、内源抗氧化剂（ＧＳＨ、ＡｓＡ）含量和膜保护酶（ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ）活性,也增加可溶性蛋白质中煮沸稳定蛋白质（ｂｏｉｌｉｎｇ－ｓｔａｂｌｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）的含量。冷胁迫期间,ＣａＣｌ２并能减少因冷胁迫引起的ＧＳＨ、ＡｓＡ含量,ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性以及煮沸稳定蛋白质下降的程度。在恢复期间,经ＣａＣｌ２处理的幼苗其ＧＳＨ、ＡＳＡ、ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ以及煮沸稳定蛋白质水平均有回升。     

水淹对水麦幼苗ABA和膜特性的影响

水淹导致小麦叶片叶绿素含量下降,膜透性升高,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量上升;在水淹胁迫下２４ｈ,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性未见明显变化;脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）于２１ｈ出现一个高峰。     

水淹对小麦幼苗ABA和膜特性的影响

水淹导致小麦叶片叶绿素含量下降,膜透性升高,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量上升;在水淹胁迫下２４ｈ,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性未见明显变化;脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）于２１ｈ出现一个高峰。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.