松突圆蚧种群耐寒性的季节变化

采用过冷却点、低温暴露死亡率、冷识别温度和致死中低温累积等指标评价不同季节松突圆蚧的耐寒性.结果表明:各季节松突圆蚧的过冷却点波动在-22.4～-3.1 ℃之间,以冬季雌成虫的平均过冷却点最低(-14.83 ℃),显著低于夏季雌成虫、冬季1龄若虫和初孵若虫(P＜0.01),但其它发育阶段在冬、夏季之间均无显著差异;冬季1龄若虫、2龄性分化前若虫、2龄性分化后雄若虫、雌成虫和种群总体在-20～0 ℃下的死亡率、冷识别温度和致死中低温累积均明显低于夏季;1龄若虫、2龄性分化后雄若虫和种群总体的致死中低温累积与季节性平均气温均呈显著正相关(R＞R0.05=0.950,n-2=2),但各发育阶段的过冷却点与其致死中低温累积的相关性均未达显著水平.松突圆蚧冬季种群耐寒性最强,夏季种群最弱;该虫耐寒性的这一季节适应性并不依赖于过冷却点,而与气温的季节变化密切相关.     

扶桑绵粉蚧的过冷却点和体液结冰点测定

本文测定了扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley除卵期以外其它各虫态的过冷却点和结冰点.结果表明,该虫过冷却点以1龄若虫最低,为-24.02℃;雄虫预蛹次之,为-22.13℃;雄虫蛹、雄虫2龄若虫、雌虫3龄若虫、雄成虫、雌虫2龄若虫、雌成虫过冷却点逐渐升高,分别为-21.08℃、-20.25℃、-19.05℃、-18.42℃、-17.91℃、-16.89℃.体液结冰点也以1龄若虫最低,为-23.2℃;雄虫预蛹次之,为-19.09℃;雄虫蛹、雄虫2龄若虫、雌虫3龄若虫、雌虫2龄若虫、雌成虫、雄成虫体液结冰点逐渐升高,分别为-16.64%、-15.81℃、-13.92℃、-13.20℃、-12.85℃、-12.79℃.试验结果表明扶桑绵粉蚧过冷却点低,耐寒性较强,可能适宜在中国北部更广泛的区域生存.     

松突圆蚧数量、环境因子及马尾松受危害程度三者间的相关性分析

本文旨在找出重要的指标,从而揭示松突圆蚧Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi的数量变化与环境因素变化、马尾松Pinus massoniana所受危害程度间相互存在的重要关系。于福建省松突圆蚧发生区选取了4块调查标准样地,对松突圆蚧的6个数量指标和6个环境因子及其对马尾松受危害程度进行了调查,并对调查结果进行了综合相关系数分析。结果表明,环境因子与松突圆蚧数量指标之间存在显著的综合负相关,全N、全P、温度、雌成虫虫口密度、雄成虫虫口密度、2龄若虫虫口密度都是重要指标。松突圆蚧数量指标与马尾松受危害程度之间存在显著的综合正向相关性,环境因子与马尾松受危害程度之间不存在显著的综合相关性。综合相关系数分析所得的各种结果之间非常协调一致,与实际也基本相符。结论认为:环境因子对松突圆蚧数量变化有重要影响,松突圆蚧数量变化对马尾松危害程度有重要影响,而环境因子对马尾松危害程度影响不大;综合相关系数分析法是科学合理的,有一定的创新性和实用性,值得推广研究。     

班氏跳小蜂对寄主龄期选择的研究

班氏跳小蜂Aenasiusbam bawalei Hayat是扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley的优势种寄生蜂。本文研究了在限制选择和自由选择的条件下,扶桑绵粉蚧的2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫对该蜂的寄生率、发育历期、子代性比和个体大小的影响。结果表明:在两种选择条件下,班氏跳小蜂对扶桑绵粉蚧3龄若虫的寄生率显著高于对雌成虫和2龄若虫的寄生率,但寄生粉蚧雌成虫的子代雌雄性比显著高于寄生3龄若虫或2龄若虫的性比;在两种选择条件下,雌蜂在寄主三种虫龄(态)上的发育历期差异不显著,但是雄蜂在粉蚧雌成虫中的发育历期显著长于寄生2龄若虫或3龄若虫的发育历期;在两种选择条件下,寄生于粉蚧雌成虫的子代雌蜂和雄蜂的个体都是最大,其后足胫节长度显著长于寄生于2龄若虫或3龄若虫的子代胫节的长度。     

饥饿对扶桑绵粉蚧存活率和产卵量的影响

【背景】扶桑绵粉蚧是近年来入侵我国的重要害虫,食物是影响其生长发育及种群发展的重要因素。【方法】在室内条件下研究了饥饿对扶桑绵粉蚧不同龄期若虫和初羽化雌成虫存活率和雌成虫产卵量的影响。【结果】扶桑绵粉蚧不同虫态在饥饿条件下存活的时间存在显著差异,表现为雌成虫〉2龄若虫=3龄若虫〉1龄若虫。扶桑绵粉蚧各龄若虫和雌成虫随着饥饿时间的延长,存活率逐渐下降。其中,雌成虫存活率下降速度较慢,完全饥饿8d后存活率仍有50％左右;2、3龄若虫50％个体死亡需要饥饿的时间约为6d,1龄若虫约需5．5d。饥饿会显著降低1龄若虫存活率,但对2、3龄若虫没有显著影响。扶桑绵粉蚧雌成虫饥饿4d对其产卵前期、平均每头雌虫一生的产卵量没有显著影响,但寿命显著低于对照。【结论与意义】扶桑绵粉蚧耐饥力较强,这有助于它在野外建立种群。该结果为进一步评价扶桑绵粉蚧的入侵潜能提供了依据。     

菠萝粉蚧和新菠萝灰粉蚧γ-射线辐照处理研究

菠萝粉蚧Dysmicoccus brevipes(Cockerell)和新菠萝灰粉蚧Dysmicoccus neobrevipes(Beardsley)是菠萝等热带水果上的重要害虫,是我国进出境水果贸易中均需要检疫处理的对象。为了建立适合菠萝等水果上这两种粉蚧的检疫处理技术,本研究采用80、130、180、230和280 Gyγ-射线辐照处理了两种粉蚧的若虫和成虫。结果表明,两种粉蚧对γ射线的剂量反应基本一致,表现为随虫龄增大对辐照的耐受性增强,以雌成虫为最强。采用230Gy辐照若虫,两种粉蚧各若虫均不产生F1代活虫体,并且菠萝粉蚧1龄若虫在该剂量下不能发育至雌成虫。以230 Gy辐照成虫,两种粉蚧均产生F1代雌成虫,但不产生F2代。以240 Gy剂量大规模辐照处理3龄若虫和雌成虫,表明该剂量足以阻止两种粉蚧繁殖,该剂量可作为这两种粉蚧辐照处理的参考指标。     

扶桑绵粉蚧生物学特性研究

扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley是近年在我国新发现的一种重要外来入侵害虫, 特别是对我国棉花生产具有潜在的巨大威胁,本文研究了实验室条件下（27±1℃, RH 70%±5%）该虫在棉花上的发育历期、 繁殖能力及各虫态的形态特征。结果表明：扶桑绵粉蚧雌虫生活史包括卵、1龄若虫、2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫;雄虫生活史包括卵、1龄若虫、 2龄若虫、预蛹、 蛹和雄成虫。卵期很短,雌虫若虫期15~20 d,总历期约为47~59 d;雄虫若虫和蛹期17~22 d,总历期约为20~26 d;雌虫寿命明显长于雄虫。该蚧虫繁殖能力强,雌成虫产卵量200~862粒/头,平均产卵458粒/头。各虫态主要形态特征为：卵呈长椭圆形,橙黄色, 略微透明; 1龄若虫,淡黄绿色,行动活泼;2龄若虫体缘突起显现, 尾瓣突出,至末期可根据体表黑斑的可见程度区分雌、 雄虫;3龄雌若虫, 体表有薄层蜡粉, 在前、中胸背面亚中区和腹部1~4节背面亚中区可见清晰斑点, 形成纵向黑色条斑, 外表形似雌成虫。雌成虫呈卵圆形,体表蜡粉厚实,胸、腹背面的黑色条斑在蜡粉覆盖下呈成对黑色斑点状,体缘蜡突明显,共18对,其中腹部末端2~3对较长; 雄虫蛹包裹于松软的白色丝茧中;雄成虫,虫体较小,黑褐色;触角细长,具一对发达透明前翅,后翅退化为平衡棒,腹部末端具2对白色长蜡丝。本文通过对扶桑绵粉蚧的基本生物学特性和各个龄期发育的形态特征的研究, 为该虫的进一步研究和科学防控提供了基本资料,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

间伐修枝措施对松突圆蚧的控制效果

4 a的调查研究结果表明：不同强度的修枝间伐措施对松突圆蚧虫口密度和雌蚧死亡率均有一定的影响,从总体上看,松突圆蚧虫口密度减退率和雌蚧死亡率随着修枝间伐强度的增大而增大.从时间上看,间伐控制害虫危害作用限于2 a左右,间伐2 a后虫口密度和雌蚧死亡率均不存在显著差异;从间伐强度上看,对照与30%以上的间伐强度（C、D、E）之间、间伐强度25%（B）与40%（E）之间虫口密度有显著差异,其他两两之间没有显著差异;35%以上的间伐强度（D、E）与对照之间、间伐强度25%（B）与40%（E）之间雌蚧死亡率有显著差异,其他两两之间没有显著差异.     

捕虱管蓟马的捕食、交配和产卵行为

观察了捕虱管蓟马的多种行为,认为该虫的日常行为为取食、行走、搜索、休息、交配和产卵;对所试验的5种害虫的喜好程度依次为椭圆蚧卵,柑桔木虱卵、褐圆蚧卵、柑桔粉虱卵、桔全爪螨若虫,褐圆蚧若虫、桔全爪螨卵、椭圆蚧若虫、柑桔木虱一龄 若虫,除柑桔木虱一龄若虫外,取食差异不显;捕虱管蓟马取食卵的量比若虫多,经T－检验分析,两无明显差异;室内饲养蓟马和田间采获蓟马的行为,及各行行为间差异,通过二因素方差分析显示不显;不同虫态蓟马取食时间长短依次为雌成虫、雄成虫、若虫、在食物充足的情况下,不同虫态之间几乎没有竞争,偶有成虫捕食幼虫现象发生。对该虫的交配行为及产卵行为作了详细的观察,发现雌蓟马成虫和雄蓟马成虫都多次交配;雄虫之间的性竞争十分激烈,而雌虫之间几乎没有竞争。     

棉花粉蚧雄成虫对雌虫的性选择及日交配节律

研究棉花粉蚧雄成虫对不同虫态、不同日龄雌虫的性选择以及雌雄成虫日交配节律,为该虫性信息素的研究提供科学依据。采用四臂嗅觉仪测定了雄虫对不同虫态以及不同日龄雌虫(3龄若虫、1日龄至8日龄处女雌成虫、已交配雌成虫)的选择性,观察了雄虫与雌成虫日交配节律。结果表明,雄成虫对4日龄处女雌成虫的选择率显著高于其他虫态和日龄,一天内扶桑绵粉蚧交配高峰期出现在7∶00-9∶00。因此,推测4日龄处女雌成虫和上午7∶00-9∶00可能是释放性外激素的旺盛虫期和时间。     

黑肩绿盲蝽耐饥饿能力的研究

【目的】为早期释放黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis提供理论依据,研究了黑肩绿盲蝽不同虫态耐受饥饿及低温的能力。【方法】室内条件下,比较了稻苗+水、无苗有水和无苗无水三种食物条件下黑肩绿盲蝽耐饥力大小。【结果】适温(26℃)下,黑肩绿盲蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫和成虫在稻苗+水的存活时间显著高于无苗有水,无苗有水时的存活时间又显著高于无苗无水,表明稻苗对于黑肩绿盲蝽有营养作用,取食稻苗有助于提高黑肩绿盲蝽的耐饥力。黑肩绿盲蝽成虫耐饥力最强,3龄若虫和5龄若虫接近,有苗有水时,3龄若虫、5龄若虫和成虫的平均存活时间分别为2.10、2.22和4.25 d。在低温(15℃)下,水稻苗对黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的存活不利,有苗有水时雌雄成虫的存活时间均低于无苗有水处理,其中雌成虫两处理间的差异显著(P=0.001)。【结论】黑肩绿盲蝽对饥饿和低温有较强的耐受性,以成虫最强,水稻生长前期田间释放时以成虫为宜。     

Body‐color and behavioral responses by the mid‐instar nymphs of the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to crowding and visual stimuli

The effects of crowding and isolation on body color and behavior were observed for the mid‐instar nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Some of the solitarious (isolation‐reared) nymphs that were crowded for 1 or 4 h during the third instar developed black patterns at the fourth instar, but most individuals remained unaffected. Black patterns appeared in all individuals that were crowded for 1 day or longer, but even after 4 days of crowding the black patterning for some individuals was not as intense as that for the gregarious (crowd‐reared) controls. Isolation of gregarious nymphs caused the black patterns to recede or disappear at the last (fifth) nymphal instar, but it was necessary to isolate the nymphs from the beginning of the first instar to obtain body coloration looking like solitarious nymphs in most individuals. Solitarious nymphs that were allowed to see gregarious nymphs developed different intensities of black patterns depending on the body size and number of nymphs shown. The behavioral phase shift from one phase to another was observed when the nymphs were crowded or isolated for 2 days or longer, as previously reported for the last nymphal instars of the same strain. Behavioral gregarization was induced for isolated nymphs that were allowed to see a group of nymphs through a transparent double wall. These results suggested that body‐color phase shift occurred more rapidly for mid‐instar nymphs than for late instar nymphs but the rate of behavioral phase shift was similar for the two instars.     

亚洲柑橘木虱成虫和5龄若虫在感染黄龙病的柑橘上的取食行为及获菌效率比较

【目的】亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri是柑橘的毁灭性病害——黄龙病亚洲种‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’(‘C las’)的主要传播媒介。本研究的目的是明确木虱成虫和5龄若虫的取食行为、获菌效率是否有差异,以及寄主感染黄龙病是否对5龄若虫取食产生影响。【方法】利用直流型刺吸电位仪(DC-EPG Giga-4)记录柑橘木虱成虫和5龄若虫在携带黄龙病的酸橘Citrus reticulata cv.Sunki嫩梢上10 h的取食行为,用qPCR单头检测其获得黄龙病病原菌的效率,并比较5龄若虫在感病和健康植株嫩梢上的取食行为。【结果】柑橘木虱成虫与5龄若虫在感染黄龙病的酸橘上的取食行为有显著差异。5龄若虫比成虫更快地开始在韧皮部和木质部进行吸食,口针在韧皮部的总过程以及吸食时间显著长于成虫。此外,5龄若虫和成虫在EPG测定(同时饲菌)10 h后获菌率分别为37.5%和20.0%,若虫明显高于成虫。寄主植物感染黄龙病对5龄若虫的取食行为有一定的影响,表现在感病植株上的刺探次数、唾液分泌次数和韧皮部吸食次数都显著少于健康植株,而两者分泌唾液和韧皮部吸食时间没有显著差异。另外,在感病植株上首次韧皮部取食出现时间较在健康植株上要早。【结论】在同等时间下,柑橘木虱5龄若虫比成虫在感染黄龙病的酸橘上的取食能力更强、取食量更大、获菌率更高,原因可能是若虫需要更多的营养物质供其生长发育所致。寄主感染黄龙病对木虱5龄若虫的取食有利,使其更快地开始取食,而且更改取食位点次数变少,推测可能与黄龙病菌破坏了植物的防御有关。     

拉合尔钝缘蜱不同龄期若蜱超微形态

【目的】本研究旨在阐明新疆地区优势种拉合尔钝缘蜱Ornithodoros lahorensis不同龄期若蜱超微形态及其发育特征，为软蜱的形态特征研究及龄期划分提供形态学依据。【方法】在实验室条件下培养获得拉合尔钝缘蜱1-5龄若蜱虫体，分别通过体视显微镜与扫描电子显微镜对拉合尔钝缘蜱不同龄期若蜱形态特征进行详细观察。【结果】在体视显微镜下，1-5龄若蜱虫体均呈椭圆形，前端稍尖后端钝圆，体表呈淡黄色或黄褐色，有4对足。在扫描电子显微镜下，1-5龄若蜱具有如下相同特征：表皮均呈褶皱样；有瘤突；哈氏器呈横裂样；口下板呈矛形；气门呈半圆形；肛门呈圆形，由叶状肛瓣构成，无肛后横沟。1-5龄若蜱间的不同特征为：1龄若蜱刚毛长且粗，无瘤突，口下板顶端凹陷且齿式为2|2，无气门板；2龄若蜱瘤突不明显，口下板顶端有小凹陷且齿式为3|3，有气门板；3龄若蜱瘤突明显；4龄若蜱肛瓣毛为6对；5龄若蜱肛瓣毛为7对。【结论】拉合尔钝缘蜱1-5龄若蜱在体视显微镜下观察的形态结构基本相似；在扫描电子显微镜下观察的刚毛、瘤突、口下板、齿式、气门、气门板、肛瓣毛、肛前沟和肛中沟等形态特征可作为拉合尔钝缘蜱1-5龄若蜱的鉴定特征。本研究首次详细描述了拉合尔钝缘蜱各龄期若蜱形态结构，为软蜱龄期划分及生活史研究提供依据。     

Effects of a juvenile hormone analogue, pyriproxyfen, on the apterous form of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines)

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura, is an eastern Asian soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pest which can reduce soybean yield. We determined the effects of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue, on development, mortality, longevity and fecundity of A. glycines under laboratory conditions. Distance Insect Growth Regulator, containing ∼11.2% pyriproxyfen, was applied at two concentrations, 50 and 150 mg/l, to first and fourth instar nymphs. When first or fourth instar A. glycines were treated with pyriproxyfen, some nymphs became supernumerary‐molted nymphs with 1–3 extra molts or were sterilized. Mortality of treated first instar nymphs was >68% greater than the control group and longevity was reduced by >40%. The higher concentration of pyriproxyfen reduced fecundity of first instar nymphs when they reached adulthood by ∼79%. Pyriproxyfen similarly affected fourth instar nymphs. Mortality of treated fourth instar nymphs was ≥15% greater than the control group and longevity was reduced by >24%. Both concentrations of pyriproxyfen lowered the fecundity of fourth instar nymphs by >27%. Pyriproxyfen also had other sublethal effects on fourth instar nymphs which became apparent when they molted to adulthood. In a few instances they developed wing pads and many produced dead, deformed or abnormal neonates that lacked appendages.     

Effects of acclimation on the thermal tolerance of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

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Endocrine manipulations and ontogenesis of male sexual behaviour in Locusta: studies on azadirachtin-induced over-aged nymphs

ABSTRACT. Dose-response relations of the moult-inhibitory and lethal effects of azadirachtin (AZA) injected into fifth and fourth instar hoppers of Locusta migratoria migratorioides are presented. The optimal dose for obtaining maximum number of long-surviving over-aged nymphs is 1.6 and 1.0 μg of AZA per insect for young fifth and fourth instar nymphs, respectively. Over-aged male nymphs are capable of exhibiting sexual behaviour. The mating behaviour of fifth instar over-aged male nymphs, and of chemically allatectomized but otherwise similar over-aged male nymphs (obtained by combined precocene treatment and injection of AZA), with and without injections of exogenous Juvenile Hormone III (JH), is investigated quantitatively; the results are compared with those obtained for normal, chemically allatectomized, and chemically allatectomized plus JH-injected adult males. Over-aged fifth instar male nymphs show a low intensity of mating behaviour and in chemically allatectomized ones this intensity is even lower. Injections of JH intensify the mating behaviour of chemically allatectomized fifth instar over-aged male nymphs in a dose-dependent way, but less markedly so than in chemically allatectomized adult males. We conclude that the intensity of male mating behaviour of the over-aged nymphs is subnormal and their response to the mating behaviour intensifying effect of the JH is weaker than that of adult males. The relations between endocrine factors and ethological ontogenesis of male sexual behaviour in locusts are discussed.     

Effects of wing-pad removal and corpus allatum implantation on development of wings, flight muscles, and related structures in the striped ground cricket, Allonemobius fasciatus

ABSTRACT. Removal of a hindwing pad from late instar nymphs of the striped ground cricket, Allonemobius fasciatus DeGeer (Gryllidae) inhibits the formation of long-winged adults. All nymphs become short-winged when their hindwing pad is removed during the sixth (penultimate) instar or during the first 2 days of the seventh instar. When a hindwing pad is removed on day 4 of the seventh instar or later, there is no effect on wing development and at least 50% of the crickets emerge as long-winged adults as in controls.
The period sensitive for removal of a hindwing pad varies among different structures, e.g. elytra, hindwings, flight muscles, and the acrotergite of the first abdominal segment. As a result, some intermediate forms are produced when a hindwing pad is removed in the middle of the seventh instar.
Implantation of corpora allata (CA) into late instar nymphs also inhibits formation of long-winged adults. When CA are implanted on day 2 or 3 of the seventh instar, some of the resulting adults have abnormally short elytra. Implantation of CA at an earlier stage produces supernumerary (eighth instar) nymphs.     

灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高、低温的适应能力差异

【目的】灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus种群存在长翅和短翅个体,其翅型分化受遗传和环境条件的影响。本研究旨在明确经连续定向选育的灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高、低温的适应能力差异。【方法】在室内分别长期定向筛选63和65代建立灰飞虱长、短翅型品系,并在南京田间采集灰飞虱自然种群;分别在25℃, 30℃和35℃恒温条件下测定上述灰飞虱长、短翅型品系和自然种群的繁殖力、存活率和发育历期,测定若虫在5℃和-20℃下的存活率以及若虫和成虫的过冷却点,通过品系间存活率、发育历期、生殖力和过冷却点的比较分析,确定灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高温和低温的耐受能力。【结果】在25℃, 30℃和35℃下,灰飞虱自然种群雌成虫的繁殖力均显著高于室内筛选后的长、短翅型品系,而长、短翅型品系雌成虫之间的繁殖力均无显著差异;长、短翅型品系的繁殖力在25℃和30℃之间均无显著差异,但自然种群在25℃下的繁殖力显著高于30℃条件下的繁殖力;35℃下长、短翅型品系基本无若虫产生。25℃下长翅型品系、短翅型品系和自然种群若虫的存活率无显著差异,但在30℃下,短翅型品系若虫的存活率显著低于自然种群,而与长翅型品系差异不显著;35℃下长、短翅型品系的若虫最长只能存活到3龄,且两品系间无显著差异,而自然种群可存活到5龄。25℃下,短翅型品系若虫的发育历期显著短于自然种群,而与长翅型品系无差异;但是在30℃下,短翅型品系若虫历期显著长于长翅型品系和自然种群。长翅型品系、短翅型品系和自然种群灰飞虱3-4龄若虫在5℃低温下的存活天数无显著差异,并且长翅和短翅型品系在-20℃极端低温下暴露10 min后其死亡率也无显著差异且均显著高于自然种群。3个品系(种群)成虫的过冷却点无显著差异,但5龄若虫的过冷却点表现为短翅型品系显著高于自然种群,而与长翅型品系无显著差异。【结论】经连续定向选育的灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对低温和高温的适应力基本相当,且低于自然种群。在高温条件下灰飞虱短翅型品系的发育速率低于长翅型品系。     

蕾铃期棉蚜种群动态及年龄结构变化和受寄生的关系

本文描述了1983年棉花蕾铃期棉蚜发生情况。从7月上旬到9月上旬发生量超过往年同期的10倍。绘出了蚜虫数量的对数值和生理时间关系图,描述了棉蚜种群下降过程中年龄结构变化及其与寄生率变化的关系。在棉蚜种群下降过程中Ⅰ龄若蚜占百分比下降表明成蚜生殖力下降。高密度组Ⅱ龄若蚜百分比下降,表明Ⅰ龄若蚜死亡率增大。高密度组成虫比例下降是因为有翅若蚜比例高。上述年龄结构变化和寄生率关系密切,表明蚜群下降到低水平时寄生率上升不完全由于寄生蜂增殖,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ龄若蚜比例下降、有翅若蚜增加和高龄若蚜比例上升中是重要原因。棉株不同位置棉蚜寄生率没有差异。寄生率和单位面积内的蚜虫密度有关。