静脉输注高氧液对单肺通气期间低氧血症的治疗作用

目的:探讨静脉输注高氧液对家猪OLV时肺内分流与氧合的影响.方法:30头健康家猪(25～35 kg)建立OLV模型后,随机分为2组,每组15头,即高氧液组(H组)和对照组(C组),H组动物在单肺通气后经右静内静脉以15 mL·kg-1·h-1的速度恒速输入高氧液,C组动物则以相同的方式和速度输入等量的乳酸林格氏液.分别于双肺通气时、单肺通气30 min、单肺通气60 min时抽取动脉血和混合静脉血做血气分析,并计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt％),同时记录血流动力学指标.结果:与双肺通气时相比,单肺通气时两组PaO2,SaO2,PvO2和SvO2均显著降低,而Qs/Qt％明显升高(P＜0.01).单肺通气30 min以及60 min后,H组的PaO2,SaO2,PvO2和SvO2等指标均显著高于C组(P＜0.05),而对于肺内分流率(Qs/Qt％),两组间比较差异无统计学意义.结论:静脉输注高氧液虽然对肺内分流影响不大,却能够明显改善氧合,治疗单肺通气引起的低氧血症.     

骨痹消对兔骨关节炎软骨细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨中药早期治疗对兔实验性膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)软骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法参照Okazaki等[1]伸膝制动OA动物模型法造模,随机分为正常组(A组)、模型组(B组)、骨痹消组(C组),于治疗6周、10周后测各组兔血清NO水平变化;软骨电镜结构及TUNEL法软骨细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果 B组血清NO水平逐渐升高,C组有不同程度的降低;B组电镜下6周时可见凋亡细胞,10周可见凋亡小体;TUNEL法细胞凋亡原位检测:B组软骨细胞AI明显增高。治疗后C组下降明显,10周时与B组相比具极显著差异(P0.01)。结论骨痹消在一定程度上阻断软骨细胞凋亡,减少细胞凋亡数量,促进软骨的修复。     

雷公藤对哮喘大鼠气道重构及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶表达的影响

目的:探讨雷公藤内酯醇对哮喘气道重构及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)表达的影响。方法:将40只SD大鼠随机分为5组(n=8):A组(正常对照组);B组(哮喘4周组);C组(哮喘6周组);D组(给药4周组);E组(给药6周组)。测定气道反应性并观察气道壁嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;图像分析软件测定支气管壁厚度、支气管平滑肌厚度及支气管平滑肌细胞核数量;免疫组织化学染色、逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测PI3K蛋白及mRNA表达。结果:①B组、C组PI3Kp85α的蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著高于A组(P均<0.01),E组上述指标较B组、C组、D组均显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05);②B组及C组支气管壁厚度、支气管壁平滑肌厚度、支气管壁平滑肌细胞核数量均较A组明显增加(P均<0.01),而E组上述指标较B组、C组、D组均显著降低(P均<0.01);③B组、C组的气道反应性均高于A组(P均<0.01),E组较B组、C组、D组均显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05)。结论:气道平滑肌增生是气道重构的一个显著特征,PI3K可能在此起促进作用。雷公藤内酯醇可能通过下调PI3K的表达而减轻哮喘气道高反应性及抑制气道平滑肌增生,对哮喘气道重构有一定治疗作用。     

兔海水淹溺型肺水肿组织NKA活性与动脉血气的相关性分析

目的:观察兔海水淹溺型肺水肿组织钠-钾ATP酶(Na~ -K~ -ATPase)活性变化与动脉血气变化的关系,探讨钠-钾ATP酶在海水淹溺肺水肿形成中的重要作用,为临床治疗提供实验依据。方法:将30只新西兰兔随机分为对照组(5只)及淹溺组(25只),淹溺组根据观察时间段分为10′、30′、60′、90′、120′组(每组5只),采用气管切开插入塑料导管、向气管内灌海水3 mL/kg、双肺自主通气的方法进行兔海水淹溺肺水肿模型复制。于各观察时间点进行血气分析,并采集肺组织标本,对肺组织匀浆钠-钾ATP酶进行测定。结果:兔海水淹溺肺水肿各时间点钠-钾ATP酶活性降低,动脉血气显示低氧和酸中毒,钠-钾ATP酶活性变化与动脉血气主要指标变化具有线性回归关系(P<0.01)。结论:海水淹溺型肺水肿组织NKA活性与动脉血气的具有相关性,钠-钾ATP酶在海水淹溺肺水肿发生发展中具有重要作用。     

硬膜外阻滞对脂多糖致兔急性肺损伤的影响

目的:观察硬膜外阻滞(TEA)对脂多糖(LPS)致急性肺损伤(ALI)兔肺水肿程度及支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎症细胞数量及炎症因子的影响。方法:66只日本大耳白兔,随机分为对照组(A组)、LPS致伤组(B组)、LPS致伤加硬膜外阻滞干预组(C组)。脂多糖5 mg/kg缓慢静脉注射复制兔ALI模型,T4-5硬膜外腔头侧置管注射0.5%利多卡因0.3 m L·kg-1·h-1进行干预,监测动脉血气分析,测支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎症细胞总数并观察肺水肿的程度,ELISA法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果:B组和C组中炎症细胞总数明显多于A组,且B组多于C组,P0.05。C组硬膜外阻滞干预后肺水肿程度较B组明显减轻,P0.05。支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-8、TNF-α水平B组高于C组,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:胸段硬膜外阻滞能够减轻脂多糖所导致兔的急性肺损伤的肺部炎症反应。     

弹性橡胶管芯技术用于困难气道行双腔气管导管插管的可行性研究

目的:研究弹性橡胶管芯技术应用于困难气道行双腔气管导管插管的可行性。方法:选择择期胸科手术并行双腔气管导管插管患者40例,并将其随机分为Mc Coy喉镜组(M组)和弹性橡胶管芯组(B组)。M组患者使用Mc Coy喉镜行双腔气管插管,B组患者以弹性橡胶管芯行双腔气管插管。观察和比较插管前后两组患者生命体征的变化、插管次数、所用时间以及由插管造成的损伤发生率。结果:1插管后即刻以及插管后1 min、5min,患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)均呈不同程度升高,B组升高程度明显小于M组(P<0.01)。2B组插管时遇到的阻力明显小于M组(P<0.05),插管尝试次数以及完成插管所用的时间均少于或短于M组(P<0.05)。3术后3小时以及24小时,B组由插管导致的声嘶与咽痛的发生率明显低于M组(P<0.05)。4术后48小时,B组患者气道粘膜损伤的发生率明显低于M组(P<0.05)。结论:弹性橡胶管芯技术应用于困难气道行双腔气管导管插管安全有效。     

瑞舒伐他汀对压力超负荷型心肌肥厚大鼠TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:观察瑞舒伐他汀对大鼠压力超负荷型心肌肥厚的作用,并探讨其对TGF-β1表达的影响.方法:将SD大鼠随机分为5组.除假手术组外各组通过不完全结扎大鼠腹主动脉构建心肌肥厚模型,A为假手术组,B为单纯手术组,C为卡托普利组(50mg/kgod),D组为瑞舒伐他汀小剂量组(2 mg/kgod),E为瑞舒伐他汀大剂量组(4 mg/kgod),各组动物术前一周始灌胃给予相应药物直至术后4周,A、B纽给予等量生理盐水.给药第5周末,测定各组大鼠血压和心脏质量指教;采用RT-PCR法和免疫组化法检测左室心肌组织中TGF-β1mRNA和TGF-β1蛋白表达.结果:术后4周各组动物血压和HMI较A组明显增加(P<0.01或P<0.05),而C、D、E组较B组有显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05);同时各治疗组左室心肌组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和TGF-β1蛋白表达较B组有显著下降(P<0.01),且C组抑制表达较D、E组更为显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:瑞舒伐他汀可有效的缓解压力超负荷诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚,且作用类似卡托普利,其可能通过降低左室心肌TGF-β1表达,影响TGF-β信号转导产生作用.     

兔组织工程同种异体气管支架三种制备方法的比较

目的:探讨深低温冷冻-酶洗法制备的气管支架在去除抗原性、维持生物力学及保护细胞外基质方面的效果。方法:健康新西兰兔24只随机分为气管未处理作为对照A组,深低温冷冻法处理B组,玻璃化法处理C组,深低温冷冻-酶洗法D组,各组样本数均为6。处理后将各组标本行HE染色后光镜观察,戊二醛固定后电镜扫描,并测量气管最大拉伸力、破裂力和变异率等生物力学性能。结果:组织学观察显示对照A组有大量完整的粘膜上皮细胞;B组和C组可见部分气管粘膜上皮细胞;D组标本未见气管粘膜上皮细胞,且细胞核碎裂。电镜显示A、B、C、D组气管支架可见丰富的细胞基质,未暴露胶原纤维。组间两两比较,气管支架的最大拉伸力、最大破裂力和变异率均无统计学差异。结论:综合组织学、扫面电镜和生物力学分析,应用深低温冷冻-酶洗法制备气管支架D组可以有效地去除抗原,维持生物力学性能,并具有较完整的细胞外基质。     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染兔呼吸系统组织病理学的改变和相关指数评分标准的建立

目的探讨RSV感染兔呼吸系统的组织病理学改变及其病理学指数评估方法。方法将RSV 100μL（108 TCID50/mL）鼻腔接种新西兰兔,分别于3和5 d时处死动物,取鼻黏膜、气管、肺门支气管、肺组织做石蜡包埋切片、HE染色,与正常对照组比较,显微镜下观察组织病理学改变。根据病变程度、参考相关文献,制定鼻黏膜、气管/支气管、肺组织的病理学指数评分标准并进行评分。结果与正常对照组相比,接种病毒动物可见鼻黏膜增厚甚至可见坏死脱落灶、单个核细胞浸润以及淋巴样组织增生;气管、支气管黏膜增厚、粗糙、排列紊乱,有坏死脱落,支气管内可见渗出物;肺组织以肺门部位病变显著,可见以围绕支气管或血管组织为主的炎细胞浸润灶,肺泡内、各级细支气管内存在炎性分泌物;接种RSV5 d组病理学指数评分与正常对照组相比有统计学意义。结论RSV鼻腔接种新西兰兔可致其鼻黏膜、气管、支气管及肺组织发生炎性损伤。我们制定的鼻黏膜、气管/支气管、肺组织的病理学指数评分标准适用于动物呼吸系统炎性损伤程度的评估。     

硫酸镁对脑源性肺损伤综合征的影响

目的探讨不同剂量的硫酸镁(MgSO4)对大鼠脑源性肺损伤后神经源性肺水肿、血浆炎性因子TNF-α及肺组织病理形态学变化的影响。方法将30只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字法分为假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)及硫酸镁50mg/kg干预组(C组)、硫酸镁100mg/kg干预组(D组)、硫酸镁200mg/kg干预组(E组),每组6只。建立大鼠颅脑损伤模型后,硫酸镁干预组即刻按50mg/kg 25%MgSO4腹腔注射,C组注射1次、D组注射2次、E组注射4次,每8h注射1次。A组及B组的大鼠注射相同剂量生理盐水作对照,C组大鼠注射1次及D组大鼠注射2次MgSO4后给予注射相同剂量的生理盐水作对照,注射方法及间隔时间同E组。伤后48h测定大鼠肺组织含水量、血浆TNF-α浓度,肺组织常规HE染色,光镜观察肺组织病理形态学变化。结果大鼠颅脑创伤后肺组织含水量均高于假手术组,以C组最明显(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。B、C、D、E组大鼠之间肺组织含水量比较差异无统计学意义。B、C、D、E组大鼠TNF-α浓度均明显高于假手术组(P0.05),D组血浆TNF-α浓度明显低于B组(P0.05),E组血浆TNF-α浓度明显低于B组(P0.01),其他各组间差异无统计学意义。假手术组肺组织形态正常,肺血管无扩张,无炎症细胞浸润;B、C、D、E组与假手术组比较均可见终末支气管腔内充满炎症细胞,周围肺组织的肺泡腔内可见炎细胞浸润,肺血管扩张、充血。B、C、D、E组在炎症细胞浸润及肺毛细血管扩张方面无明显差异。结论脑外伤可导致脑源性肺损伤综合征,可导致神经源性肺水肿;硫酸镁可降低大鼠脑损伤后血浆TNF-α浓度,对肺水肿无明显影响。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.