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布氏田鼠婚配制度的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简述了动物婚配制度的分类、适应意义及研究方法,然后从布氏田鼠的巢域行为、双亲行为、配偶选择、嗅觉通讯和其他相关方面回顾了已有的研究工作,最后结合布氏田鼠的野外生态和社会因素探讨了该鼠的婚配制度,提出该鼠为兼性的一雄多雌制种类。 相似文献
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LowellL.GETZ BettyMcGUIRE C.SueCARTER 《动物学报》2005,51(2):178-186
在美国伊利诺伊州中东部地区对橙腹田鼠(Microtus ochrogaster) 进行的广泛研究基础上, 我们对该鼠的社会组织和婚配制度进行了总结。橙腹田鼠的基本社会组织由最初的雌雄配偶或者单一的雌鼠(常为一对配偶的幸存者) 与留居的后代和非亲缘成体的同居群组成。留居的后代占了原始繁殖单位之外的70%。另外, 直到至少两个留居后代达到成年后, 多数(80%) 的非亲缘个体才加入家族群。因此, 同居群的形成是以高水平的留居为基础的。雌雄配偶表现出与行为单配制有关的特征, 包括共享一个巢穴和家域, 雄性保卫配偶, 以及双亲行为(修饰, 拥抱和衔回幼鼠)。同居群的成员也保卫领域。 相似文献
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婚配制度是动物种群个体为获得配偶普遍采取的一种行为策略。一般分为单配制、一雄多雌制、一雌多雄制和混交制。作为动物的一种进化稳定对策,婚配制度又具有一定的可塑性,有时可以逆转,有时又是兼性的。配偶外交配主要存在于单配制物种中特别是单配制鸟类中。其发现表明通过观察个体间联系来确定的“社会性婚配制度”和通过个体实际上的交配对象来描述的“遗传性婚配制度”有可能存在差异。婚配制度影响有害动物的不育控制,在存在繁殖性竞争的情况下,对单配制和一雄多雌制而言,不育效果最佳。 相似文献
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在Emlen和Oring鸟类婚配制度生态学分类系统的基础上,根据近年来鸟类行为生态学研究的成果,对鸟类的婚配制度进行了补充分类,并强调了应以进化稳定策略的观念来认识乌类的婚配制度。补充的鸟类婚配制度生态型包括:合作型一雄一雌制(cooperative monogamy)、临界型一雄一雌制(critical monogamy)、保卫雌性型一雄一雌制(female defense mognogamy)、从领域型一雄多雌制(poly-terri-tory polygyny)和社群繁殖制。合作型一雄一雌制的鸟 类雌雄个体爱力合作才保证繁殖的成功;临界型一悲欢离合一雌制鸟类雌雄个体都有多配倾向,但迫于生态压力必须共同抚育后代才能繁殖成功;保卫雌性型一雄一雌制的鸟 类通过保卫一个雌鸟不被其它雄鸟占有而保证繁殖成功,多领域型一雄多雌制的雄鸟通过占有多个领域而多个雌鸟交配;社群繁殖制的鸟 类由三个以上个体参与工部分参与繁殖,所有个体共同抚育一批后代,现有的鸟类婚配制度可以归为一雄一雌制(monogamy)、一雄多雌繁殖,所有个体共同抚育一批后代。现有的鸟类婚配制度可以归为一雄一雌制(polygyny)、一雌多雄制(polyandry)快速多窝型多配制(rapid-multiple-clutch polygamy)和社群繁殖制(social breeing systen)五大类型。 相似文献
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Chiaki Nagai Hideaki Mabashi-Asazuma Hiromichi Nagasawa Shinji Nagata 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(46):32166-32177
Ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced variant, ITP-like (ITPL), are insect peptides that belong to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family. These peptides modulate the homeostatic mechanisms for regulating energy metabolism, molting, and reproduction and are specifically conserved in ecdysozoans. Many of the details of the molecular mechanisms by which crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family peptides exert pleiotropy remain to be elucidated, including characterization of their receptors. Here we identified three Bombyx mori orphan neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptors (BNGRs), BNGR-A2, -A24, and -A34, as receptors for ITP and ITPL (collectively referred to as ITPs). BNGR-A2 and -A34 and BNGR-A24 respond to recombinant ITPs, respectively, with EC50 values of 1.1–2.6 × 10−8
m, when expressed in a heterologous expression system. These three candidate BNGRs are expressed at larval B. mori tissues targeted by ITPs, with cGMP elevation observed after exposure to recombinant ITPs. ITPs also increased the cGMP level in B. mori ovary-derived BmN cells via membrane-bound and soluble guanylyl cyclases. The simultaneous knockdown of bngr-A2 and -A34 significantly decreased the response of BmN cells to ITP, whereas knockdown of bngr-A24 led to decreased responses to ITPL. Conversely, transient expression of bngr-A24 potentiated the response of BmN cells to ITPL. An in vitro binding assay showed direct interaction between ITPs and heterologously expressed BNGRs in a ligand-receptor-specific manner. Taken together, these data demonstrate that BNGR-A2 and -A34 are ITP receptors and that BNGR-A24 is an ITPL receptor in B. mori. 相似文献
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通过野外交配系统试验和传粉昆虫观察, 以铃铛子( Anisodus luridus) 和赛莨菪( A. carniolicoides)为研究对象, 探讨了山莨菪属内自交亲和系统的进化与传粉昆虫的转变。结果表明, 铃铛子和赛莨菪均属于自交完全亲和的类群, 但两个种的自动自交能力均不强, 而且都存在传粉限制。北方黄胡蜂( Vespula rufarufa) 和石长黄胡蜂( Dolichovespula saxonica) 分别是铃铛子和赛莨菪的主要传粉昆虫, 自然状态下两种昆虫的传粉效率均比较高, 但两种昆虫访问两种植物时传递花粉的方式不同, 其中北方黄胡蜂主要促进了铃铛子的花间传粉, 而石长黄胡蜂访花引起赛莨菪同一朵花内的传粉。通过与该属的另一种植物山莨菪(A. tanguticus) 的传粉机制比较, 发现在山莨菪属的物种分化过程中, 由自交不亲和转变为自交完全亲和, 传粉昆虫也发生了转变, 证明了自交亲和系统存在于起源较晚的类群中。高山环境中频繁且不可预测的降雨可能降低了传粉昆虫的活动能力, 进而导致铃铛子和赛莨菪均存在传粉限制。 相似文献
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穴位激光照射对兔子宫类固醇激素受体的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对兔用He-Ne激光照射穴位,照射外生殖器,用类固醇激素受体测定法测定子宫雌二醇受体(ER)和孕酮受体(PR)含量。照射穴位后部分实验组的ER和PR浓度上升,与正常对照组相比较有显著或极显著差别(P<0.05,P<0.01),ER提高1.7-3.2倍,PR提高2.7-3.7倍。实验结果提示激光可通过类固醇激素受体浓度的提高,在受体水平上影响机体代谢。 相似文献
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The insect diuretic hormone (DH) binds to their receptor in malpighian tubules, and stimulates water secretion and cAMP synthesis. Complementary DNA encoding a diuretic hormone receptor was cloned from the malpighian tubules of Bombyx mori. The cloned cDNA encodes a protein consisting of 391 amino acid residues with the seven transmembrane domains. The receptor protein is homologous with that of other insects, and is structurally related to G-protein coupled receptors such as corticotropin relating factor (CRF), secretin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. 相似文献
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Insulin receptors in rat brain: insulin stimulates phosphorylation of its receptor beta-subunit 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In rat brain cortex synaptosomes insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of its own receptor beta-subunit (94 kDa) as identified by immunoprecipitation with anti-insulin or anti-receptor antiserum. The receptor alpha-subunit (115 kDa) was characterized by specific labeling with 125I-labeled photoreactive insulin. These observations indicate that: (i) insulin receptors in brain are composed of alpha-subunits which bind insulin, and beta-subunits, the phosphorylation of which can be stimulated by insulin; (ii) the size of alpha-subunits in brain is significantly smaller than in other tissues (115 vs 130 kDa), whereas beta-subunits (94 kDa) are identical. We suggest that brain insulin receptors represent a subtype regarding their binding function, whereas their enzyme function is more conserved. 相似文献
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Jongsoon Lee Masaya Miyazaki Giulio R. Romeo Steven E. Shoelson 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(28):19769-19777
Complementary surfaces are buried when peptide hormones, growth factors, or cytokines bind and activate cellular receptors. Although these extended surfaces provide high affinity and specificity to the interactions, they also present great challenges to the design of small molecules that might either mimic or antagonize the process. We show that the insulin receptor (IR) and downstream signals can be activated by targeting a site outside of its ligand-binding domain. A 24-residue peptide having the IR transmembrane (TM) domain sequence activates IR, but not related growth factor receptors, through specific interactions with the receptor TM domain. Like insulin-dependent activation, IR-TM requires that IR have a competent ATP-binding site and kinase activation loop. IR-TM also activates mutated receptors from patients with severe insulin resistance, which do not respond to insulin. These results show that IR can be activated through a pathway that bypasses its canonical ligand-binding domain. 相似文献