北京圆明园遗址公园鸟类组成

2002年10月至2008年12月,对北京圆明园遗址公园进行了219次鸟类调查,共记录到鸟类15目47科217种,旅鸟119种,夏候鸟57种,留鸟42种,冬候鸟20种,迷鸟1种,逃逸鸟3种,其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类26种,水鸟60种。小鸊■(Tachybaptus ruficollis)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)和乌鸫(Turdus merula)已成为北京地区留鸟,斑嘴鸭(A.poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha)、绿翅鸭(A.crecca)、红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)和黄腰柳莺(Phylloscopus proregulus)为冬候鸟,雀鹰(Accipiter nisus)除作为旅鸟外还是夏候鸟和冬候鸟。圆明园水域生态的复杂性和水生植物的多样性对鸟类群落的影响较大;近年清理杂草及灌木导致鹀科鸟类和棕头鸦雀(Paradoxornis webbianus)的数量明显减少。     

洞庭湖湿地鸟类的初步研究

１９９１年１月至１９９２年１月的春、夏，冬三季对洞庭湖鸟类的分布及种群数量进行了调查研究，观察记录到洞庭湖湿地鸟类１３８种，隶属１５目３６科，其中冬候鸟６６种，夏候鸟２２种，留鸟４３种、旅鸟７种。     

兰州大学榆中校区及其附近鸟类多样性研究

2008年5月～2012年5月对兰州大学榆中校区及附近的鸟类进行调查,共计发现鸟类117种,隶属于10目35科65属,其中夏候鸟40种,留鸟53种,旅鸟16种,冬候鸟8种;在鸟类区系方面,古北界鸟种占52.1%,广布种占40.2%,东洋界鸟种占7.7%,其鸟类群落组成兼有黄土高原鸟类与兴隆山山地鸟类的特点;在三种鸟类生境类型中,鸟类多样性和群落的均匀度最高的是校园人工园林,山区灌丛草地的鸟类多样性位居其次,且具有一些黄土高原特有留鸟,农田与居民点的鸟类多样性最低而优势度最高。     

内蒙古乌兰察布地区鸟类群落结构及季节变化

为了解内蒙古自治区乌兰察布地区的鸟类群落结构季节变化及其影响因素,于2012年10月至2013年12月,采用固定半径样点法和样带法对该地区6种生境类型的鸟类进行调查。共记录到鸟类17目45科153种,其中夏候鸟76种,旅鸟38种,留鸟34种,冬候鸟5种。春、夏、秋季均以夏候鸟为主,冬季则留鸟占优势。非雀形目鸟类所占比例明显高于雀形目。鸟类多样性指数为春季秋季夏季冬季,均匀性指数为春季夏季秋季冬季;聚类分析表明,春季和秋季鸟类群落结构最为相似。不同季节各生境鸟类群落结构亦存在差异,春、夏、秋季的湿地鸟类群落多样性均最高,而农田和居民区的鸟类群落较为相似。栖息地类型、食物资源及候鸟迁徙是该地区鸟类群落结构季节变化的主要影响因素。     

广东阴那山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性

2012 年10 月－2013 年9 月, 采用固定样线法和样点法对广东阴那山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性进行初步调查, 共记录鸟类175 种, 隶属14 目42 科125 属。其中, 国家Ⅰ级保护种类1 种, 国家Ⅱ级保护种类19 种。按居留类型分类, 夏候鸟34 种, 冬候鸟52 种, 留鸟78 种, 旅鸟11 种; 按动物地理区划分类, 古北界种类67 种, 东洋界种类65 种, 广布性鸟类43 种。该区域鸟类优势种32 种, 多样性指数为4.3929, 优势度为0.0204, 均匀度为0.8506。     

内蒙古乌海市鸟类区系特征及群落结构

2009年4月至2010年3月对内蒙古乌海市的鸟类区系及群落结构进行了调查研究。共记录到鸟类132种,隶属于17目37科。其中留鸟26种,夏候鸟71种,旅鸟27种,冬候鸟8种。繁殖鸟有97种,其中古北界鸟类有83种,占繁殖鸟类种数的85.6%。研究发现不同季节、不同生境中的鸟类群落特征差异较大。春季的鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数均最高;湿地的鸟类多样性指数最高。本文基于研究结果提出了对乌海市鸟类及其生存环境的保护建议。     

长沙黄花国际机场鸟类群落物种多样性分析

为了获得长沙黄花国际机场鸟击防范工作所需的鸟类基础性资料,从2005年9月~2006年8月,通过对机场地区5种生境类型鸟类群落的调查与监测,记录到鸟类112种,属16目32科。其中46种属东洋界种类、45种属古北界种类、21种属广布种;留鸟46种、夏候鸟25种、冬候鸟29种、旅鸟12种。经RB频率指数测算,鸟类群落的优势种为白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、乌鸫(Turdus merula)和树麻雀(Passer montanus)。按鸟类生境分布系数划分,广布型的鸟类有44种,是该区鸟类群落组成的主体。鸟类群落的Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数为1.607,均匀性指数为0.784。     

新疆阜康荒漠区不同生境鸟类群落的季节变化

从2009年3月—2010年2月,在新疆准噶尔盆地阜康荒漠区采用样线法对比研究自然和人工生境鸟类群落的季节变化。共调查到鸟类147种,隶属17目、38科、90属,其中,夏候鸟占总数量的49.8%、留鸟31.1%、过境鸟(旅鸟)13.2%、冬候鸟5.9%,表明研究区主栖夏候鸟。留鸟占总物种数的13.9%,在各类生境中均有分布,相对于其他居留型的鸟类,留鸟更可能成为该生境的优势种;湖泊拥有最高的鸟类α多样性指数(4.861)和物种数(106种),是荒漠区夏候鸟栖息或停歇的重要场所;以Morisita相似性指数0.5为界,将不同生境分为湖泊、荒漠和农田3大类,前二者属于自然生境,其季节周转率以春夏季最高,之后持续下降;农田吸引了68.5%的冬候鸟个体,其季节周转率以春夏季最低(0.934),夏秋季最高(1.154)。沙枣林带的保留和种植对提高阜康荒漠区农田冬候鸟多样性至关重要。     

云南开远市鸟类多样性

2004年1月至2008年8月采用样线法和样点法对云南省开远市鸟类资源进行了调查.结果表明,开远市分布鸟类共计16目52科183种,其中留鸟95种,夏候鸟18种,冬候鸟56种,旅鸟11种,迷鸟3种.区系组成方面,东洋种84种(74.3%),古北种仅8种(7.1%),广布种21种(18.6%).国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类17种.4种生境按多样性排序:稀树灌丛河谷>针阔混交林>湖泊湿地>农耕地.稀树灌丛河谷群落鸟类分布均匀度最高,且与农耕地具有较高的相似性.     

广西柳州市鸟类调查及区系研究初报

2000年7月至2004年7月,在不同季节对广西柳州市鸟类资源进行了调查。结合参考文献资料及部分历史标本,确定柳州市共有鸟类15目47科183种,约占广西鸟类种数543种的33．7％和全国鸟类种数1319种的13．9％。其中留鸟106种另1亚种,夏候鸟29种,冬候鸟和旅鸟47种另1亚种。本区鸟类具有明显的东洋界特点,在本区繁殖鸟(留鸟和夏候鸟)中,东洋界鸟类109种,广布种24种,古北种3种。国家二级保护动物25种,其中黑翅鸢在本地区为留鸟,是最常见的猛禽之一。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).