HMGB1 siRNA 对HT-29 细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的:观察干扰HMGB1表达对HT-29细胞侵袭转移能力的影响。方法:HMGB1 siRNA通过脂质体转染HT-29细胞,western blot和实时定量RT-PCR检测HT-29细胞中HMGB1蛋白和mRNA的表达,Transwell小室观察HT-29的转移侵袭能力。结果:干扰HMGB1后HMGB1蛋白和mRNA的表达均减少,HT-29的转移侵袭能力下降。结论:HMGB1能促进HT-29的转移侵袭能力,干扰其表达可抑制HT-29的转移侵袭。     

EGCG 对人结肠癌HT-29 细胞凋亡的影响以及对MMP-2，RECK 的 调节作用

目的:观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallaocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG)对人结肠癌HT-29细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其对MMP-2,RECK的调节作用。方法:体外培养人结肠癌HT-29细胞,MTT比色法检测EGCG对HT-29细胞的生长抑制作用;Histone/DNA ELISA检测细胞凋亡;FITC标记Annexin-V/PI双染流式细胞术分析凋亡细胞百分率;Western Blot和RT-PCR方法检测EGCG对MMP-2,RECK蛋白和mRNA表达的影响。结果:EGCG呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制HT-29细胞的增殖,并且增加HT-29细胞Histone/DNA碎片的渗漏;EGCG诱导HT-29细胞凋亡百分率增高;EGCG抑制MMP-2蛋白和mRNA的表达,促进RECK蛋白和mRNA的表达。结论:EGCG抑制人结肠癌HT-29细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,并且呈浓度和时间依赖性;其作用机制可能与其下调MMP-2蛋白和mRNA的表达、上调RECK蛋白和mRNA的表达有关。     

FXR激动剂GW4064对裸鼠肝癌细胞移植瘤增殖及血管生成的影响

目的:探讨研究法尼酯x受体(FXR)激动剂GW4064对裸鼠肝癌细胞移植瘤增殖及血管生成的影响。方法:选取人肝癌细胞系Hep G2进行体外培养,将细胞悬液接种于BALB/c裸鼠皮下。裸鼠成瘤后,随机分为两组,分别腹腔注射DMSO和GW4064。一周后,处死动物取肿瘤组织,通过免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织中Ki-67和CD31的表达,同时计数肿瘤组织中的微血管密度(CD31-MVD);Western blot法检测其FXR和白介素-8(IL-8)的蛋白表达。结果:与对照组相比,FXR激动剂GW4064处理组的肿瘤组织中FXR的蛋白表达量明显增高,微血管密度CD31-MVD值显著降低,同时Ki-67、IL-8及CD31的表达水平均显著降低。结论:FXR激动剂GW4064能显著增加FXR的表达,抑制裸鼠肝癌细胞移植瘤的增殖及新生血管的形成。     

HMGB1 siRNA对HT-29细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的：观察干扰HMGBl表达对HT-29细胞侵袭转移能力的影响。方法：HMGB1siRNA通过脂质体转染HT-29细胞,westernblot和实时定量RT—PCR检测HT-29细胞中HMGB1蛋白和mRNA的表达,Transwell小室观察HT-29的转移侵袭能力。结果：干扰HMGBl后HMGB1蛋白和mRNA的表达均减少,HT-29的转移侵袭能力下降。结论：HMGB1能促进HT-29的转移侵袭能力,干扰其表达可抑制HT-29的转移侵袭。     

EGCG对人结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡的影响以及对MMP-2,RECK的调节作用

目的：观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（Epigallaocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG）对人结肠癌HT-29细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其对MMP-2,RECK的调节作用。方法：体外培养人结肠癌HT-29细胞,MTT比色法检测EGCG对HT-29细胞的生长抑制作用;Histone/DNA ELISA检测细胞凋亡;FITC标记Annexin-V/PI双染流式细胞术分析凋亡细胞百分率;Western Blot和RT-PCR方法检测EGCG对MMP-2,RECK蛋白和mRNA表达的影响。结果：EGCG呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制HT-29细胞的增殖,并且增加HT-29细胞Histone/DNA碎片的渗漏;EGCG诱导HT-29细胞凋亡百分率增高;EGCG抑制MMP-2蛋白和mRNA的表达,促进RECK蛋白和mRNA的表达。结论：EGCG抑制人结肠癌HT-29细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,并且呈浓度和时间依赖性;其作用机制可能与其下调MMP-2蛋白和mRNA的表达、上调RECK蛋白和mRNA的表达有关。     

DLC-1基因表达对结肠癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的:研究DLC-1基因对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的影响.方法:将DLC-1 shRNA(短发夹状RNA,short hairpin RNA)序列克隆到质粒pGCsi-U6/Neo载体,采用脂质体介导的转染方法将构建的DLC-1 shRNA表达质粒转入结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞.采用RT-PCR技术和Western Blot技术分别检测LoVo细胞中DLC-1mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化.Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验观察LoVo细胞侵袭迁移能力的改变.结果:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1分子.所构建质粒表达载体能有效地干扰LoVo细胞DLC-1 mRNA和蛋白质表达水平;Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验结果显示,转染后LoVo细胞侵袭转移能力明显增强(p＜0.05).结论:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1基因,应用RNAi技术可特异性降低其表达.DLC-1的表达水平与结肠癌细胞侵袭转移相关.     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对结肠癌细胞CD44v6和MMP-2表达的影响

目的研究双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸(LTA)对结肠癌细胞中CD44v6与基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)表达的影响,探讨其在抑制结肠癌转移中的作用。方法结肠癌LoVo细胞及HT-29细胞用含50 mg/L双歧杆菌LTA的培养液培养24 h后,RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学染色检测CD44v6和MMP-2在结肠癌细胞中的表达变化。结果结肠癌LoVo细胞及HT-29细胞中CD44v6和MMP-2的mRNA和蛋白质均呈高表达,经双歧杆菌LTA处理后,其表达均明显下降,与对照组比较,差异有非常显著性(P0.01)。结论双歧杆菌LTA可能通过下调CD44v6和MMP-2的表达来抑制结肠癌的转移。     

GALNT14对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞迁移的影响

构建真核表达载体pcDNA 3.1-Flag-T14,重组质粒经酶切分析及测序鉴定后,利用脂质体将重组质粒转染人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞,经G418筛选并建立稳定转染GALNT14细胞株.应用半定量RT-PCR、Western blot检测稳定细胞株GALNT14 mRNA及蛋白表达水平,细胞划痕修复及穿膜试验检测GALNT14基因对MCF-7迁移能力的影响,同时RT-PCR检测GALNT14对MMP-2,MMP-9,TGF-β1及VEGF等肿瘤浸润转移相关因子表达的影响.结果显示成功构建了真核重组表达载体pcDNA 3.1-Flag-T14,经RT-PCR和Western blot检测显示成功获得了稳定表达GALNT14的MCF-7细胞株;GALNT14能够提高MCF-7细胞株的迁移能力,且能增加侵袭转移相关因子MMP-2,MMP-9,TGF-β1及VEGF的表达.结论:GALNT14可明显促进MCF-7细胞的迁移,可能在肿瘤侵袭转移中起重要作用.     

SFRP4抑表达对HT-29细胞侵袭能力的影响

目的:观察SFRP4对HT29细胞侵袭转移能力的影响。方法:以HT29细胞为研究对象,SFRP4 siRNA通过脂质体转染HT29细胞,western blot检测HT29细胞中Wnt、细胞核β-Catenin蛋白的表达、elisa法检测细胞培养上清MMP-2、MMP-9的含量,Transwell小室观察成的转移侵袭能力。结果:干扰SFRP4后能显著降低HT29细胞中Wnt、细胞核中β-Catenin蛋白的表达、细胞培养上清MMP-2、MMP-9的含量,(P<0.01),降低HT29细胞的转移侵袭能力(P<0.01)。结论:抑制SFRP4表达能抑制HT29细胞的转移侵袭,其机制可能与抑制HT29细胞Wnt信号通路有关。     

miR-125a-3p调控人结肠癌细胞浸润转移的作用及机制研究

目的:探讨miR-125a-3p在结肠癌细胞浸润与转移中的作用及其可能机制。方法:通过qRT-PCR方法检测miR-125a-3p在结肠癌细胞及组织样本中的表达;在结肠癌细胞过表达或沉默miR-125a-3p后,通过平板克隆实验、MTT实验、划痕实验、Transwell实验检测结肠癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的变化;采用Western blot方法检测miR-125a-3p过表达后相关标志分子的表达水平变化情况。结果:miR-125a-3p在结肠癌细胞及组织呈现异常低表达;过表达miR-125a-3p抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116及SW480的增殖能力;过表达或沉默miR-125a-3p分别抑制或增强结肠癌细胞的迁移与侵袭能力;过表达miR-125a-3p在mRNA及蛋白水平均能够显著抑制Snail、N-cadherin及Vimentin的表达,而增加E-cadherin的表达。结论:miR-125a-3p参与调节结肠癌细胞浸润与转移,其机制可能是通过调控上皮间质转化途径介导的。     

Src-Mediated Cross-Talk between Farnesoid X and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Inhibits Human Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis

Besides its essential role in controlling bile acid and lipid metabolism, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protects against intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. However, the mechanisms underlying these anti-proliferative actions of FXR remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the effects of FXR activation (FXR overexpression and treatment with an FXR agonist GW4064) and inactivation (treatment with FXR siRNA and an FXR antagonist guggulsterone) on colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro using human colon cancer cell lines (H508, SNU-C4 and HT-29) and in vivo using xenografts in nude mice. Blocking FXR activity with guggulsterone stimulated time- and dose-dependent EGFR (Tyr845) phosphorylation and ERK activation. In contrast, FXR overexpression and activation with GW4064 attenuated cell proliferation by down-regulating EGFR (Tyr845) phosphorylation and ERK activation. Treatment with guggulsterone and GW4064 also caused dose-dependent changes in Src (Tyr416) phosphorylation. In stably-transfected human colon cancer cells, overexpression of FXR reduced EGFR, ERK, Src phosphorylation and cell proliferation, and in nude mice attenuated the growth of human colon cancer xenografts (64% reduction in tumor volume; 47% reduction in tumor weight; both P<0.01). Moreover, guggulsterone-induced EGFR and ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation were abolished by inhibiting activation of Src, EGFR and MEK. Collectively these data support the novel conclusion that in human colon cancer cells Src-mediated cross-talk between FXR and EGFR modulates ERK phosphorylation, thereby regulating intestinal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.     

miR-223在结肠癌组织中的表达及促进结肠癌细胞迁移侵袭的机制研究

目的:探讨微小RNA-223 (mi R-223)在结肠癌组织中的表达及对结肠癌HT-29细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响及机制。方法:检测mi R-223在结肠癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达。通过脂质体转染法将mi R-223模拟物(mi R-223 mimics,mi R-223 mimics组)及microRNA无关序列(mi R-223 NC,NC组)转染入结肠癌HT-29细胞。采用Real-time PCR检测转染后细胞中mi R-223和TWIST的表达,Western blot检测TWIST的蛋白表达,Tranwell检测细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。双荧光素酶报告基因检测mi R-223对TWIST基因启动子活性的影响。采用Transwell迁移与侵袭实验检测mi R-223 mimic及Twist si RNA共转染后人结肠癌细胞系HT-29迁移与侵袭能力的变化。结果:与癌旁结肠组织比较,mi R-223在结肠癌组织中呈现明显高表达(P0.05);与空白对照组和mi R-223 NC组比较,转染mi R-223 mimics后的HT-29细胞中的mi R-223表达显著增加(P0.05)。与阴性对照组和空载转染组相比较,mi R-223 mimics转染组穿透的细胞数目明显增加(P0.05),且mi R-223 mimics转染组的细胞侵袭能力显著增强(P0.05)。与mi R-223 NC组和空白对照组比较,转染mi R-223 mimics的HT-29细胞的TWIST基因m RNA和蛋白表达均显著增加(P0.05)。双荧光素酶检验结果显示TWIST为mi R-223的下游靶基因。共转染TWIST si RNA和mi R-223 mimics的结肠癌HT-29细胞的迁移与侵袭能力较单独转染mi R-223 mimics的HT-29细胞显著减弱(P0.05)。结论:mi R-223可能通过上调下游靶基因TWIST水平促进结肠癌HT-29细胞的迁移与侵袭。     

Effects of adrenaline in human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells

AimsStress has been implicated in the development of cancers. Adrenaline levels are increased in response to stress. The effects of adrenaline on colon cancer are largely unknown. The aims of the study are to determine the effects of adrenaline in human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells and the possible underlying mechanisms involved.Main methodsThe effect of adrenaline on HT-29 cell proliferation was determined by [³H] thymidine incorporation assay. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blot. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) release were determined by zymography and enzyme immunoassay, respectively.Key findingsAdrenaline stimulated HT-29 cell proliferation. This was accompanied by the enhanced expression of COX-2 and VEGF in HT-29 cells. Adrenaline also upregulated MMP-9 activity and PGE₂ release. Adrenaline stimulated HT-29 cell proliferation which was reversed by COX-2 inhibitor sc-236. COX-2 inhibitor also reverted the action of adrenaline on VEGF expression and MMP-9 activity. Further study was performed to determine the involvement of β-adrenoceptors. The stimulatory action of adrenaline on colon cancer growth was blocked by atenolol and ICI 118,551, a β₁- and β₂-selective antagonist, respectively. This signified the role of β-adrenoceptors in this process. In addition, both antagonists also abrogated the stimulating actions of adrenaline on COX-2, VEGF expression, MMP-9 activity and PGE₂ release in HT-29 cells.SignificanceThese results suggest that adrenaline stimulates cell proliferation of HT-29 cells via both β₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors by a COX-2 dependent pathway.     

Bile acid receptor agonist GW4064 regulates PPARγ coactivator-1α expression through estrogen receptor-related receptor α

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is induced in energy-starved conditions and is a key regulator of energy homeostasis. This makes PGC-1α an attractive therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In our effort to identify new regulators of PGC-1α expression, we found that GW4064, a widely used synthetic agonist for the nuclear bile acid receptor [farnesoid X receptor (FXR)] strongly enhances PGC-1α promoter reporter activity, mRNA, and protein expression. This induction in PGC-1α concomitantly enhances mitochondrial mass and expression of several PGC-1α target genes involved in mitochondrial function. Using FXR-rich or FXR-nonexpressing cell lines and tissues, we found that this effect of GW4064 is not mediated directly by FXR but occurs via activation of estrogen receptor-related receptor α (ERRα). Cell-based, biochemical and biophysical assays indicate GW4064 as an agonist of ERR proteins. Interestingly, FXR disruption alters GW4064 induction of PGC-1α mRNA in a tissue-dependent manner. Using FXR-null [FXR knockout (FXRKO)] mice, we determined that GW4064 induction of PGC-1α expression is not affected in oxidative soleus muscles of FXRKO mice but is compromised in the FXRKO liver. Mechanistic studies to explain these differences revealed that FXR physically interacts with ERR and protects them from repression by the atypical corepressor, small heterodimer partner in liver. Together, this interplay between ERRα-FXR-PGC-1α and small heterodimer partner offers new insights into the biological functions of ERRα and FXR, thus providing a knowledge base for therapeutics in energy balance-related pathophysiology.     

Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, down-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-7 (matrilysin) expression in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells

Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is associated with cancer metastasis. We assessed mRNA expression of MMPs in six human colorectal cancer cell lines and found a considerable level of MMP-7 expression in HT-29 cells. Next, we searched for natural and synthetic compounds that cause a reduction in the production of proMMP-7 protein, and found that nobiletin (NOB), quercetin, valeryl salicylate, and sulindac sulfone demonstrated marked inhibition. Importantly, NOB attenuated proMMP-7 protein and its mRNA expression both concentration- and time-dependently via a reduction of activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding activity, suggesting it as a promising agent for suppression of cancer cell invasion and metastasis through MMP-7 gene repression.     

Interleukin-1α promotes extracellular shedding of syndecan-2 via induction of matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression

The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan-2, is known to play an important role in the tumorigenic activity of colon cancer cells. In addition, the extracellular domain of syndecan-2 is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in various colon cancer cells, but factors involved in regulating this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role for interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in syndecan-2 shedding in colon cancer cells. Treatment of low metastatic (HT-29) and highly metastatic (HCT-116) colon cancer cells with various soluble growth factors and cytokines revealed that IL-1α specifically increased extracellular shedding of syndecan-2 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. IL-1α did not affect the expression of syndecan-2, but did significantly reduce its cell surface levels. Notably, IL-1α increased the mRNA expression and subsequent secreted levels of MMP-7 protein and enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, increased syndecan-2 shedding was dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated MMP-7 expression. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-1α regulates extracellular domain shedding of syndecan-2 through regulation of the MAP kinase-mediated MMP-7 expression in colon cancer cells.     

Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol,a lignan from Herpetospermum pedunculosum,alleviates cholestasis by activating pathways associated with the farnesoid X receptor

BackgroundIn our previous study, we demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in cholestatic rats. A bioassay-guided study also led to the identification and isolation of a lignan, dihydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DA) from the seeds of H. pedunculosum.PurposeTo investigate whether DA could alleviate cholestasis and determine the mechanisms underlying such action.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered with DA (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) intragastrically once daily for 7 days prior to treatment with α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) (60 mg/kg). We then evaluated the levels of a range of serum indicators, determined bile flow, and carried out histopathological analyses. Western blotting was then used to investigate the levels of inflammatory mediators and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), proteins involved in the downstream biosynthesis of bile acids, and a range of transport proteins. Molecular docking was used to simulate the interaction between DA and FXR. Cell viability of human hepatocytes (L-02) cells was determined by MTT. Then, we treated guggulsterone-inhibited L-02 cells, Si-FXR L-02 cells, and FXR-overexpression cells with the FXR agonist GW4064 (6 μM) or DA (25, 50 and 100 μM) for 24 h before detecting gene and protein expression by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively.ResultsDA significantly attenuated ANIT-induced cholestasis in SD rats by reducing liver function indicators in the serum, increasing bile flow, improving the recovery of histopathological injuries in the liver, and by alleviating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. DA also increased the expression levels of FXR and altered the levels of downstream proteins in the liver tissues, thus indicating that DA might alleviate cholestasis by regulating the FXR. Molecular docking simulations predicted that DA was as an agonist of FXR. In vitro mechanical studies further showed that DA increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of FXR, Small Heterodimer Partner 1/2, Bile Salt Export Pump, Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2, and Na+/taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide, in both guggulsterone-inhibited and Si-FXR L-02 cells. Moreover, DA enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of FXR, and its downstream genes and proteins, in L-02 cells containing an FXR-overexpression plasmid.ConclusionDA may represent an effective agonist for FXR has significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury.