科技论文中线条图的优化编辑

线条图已在科技论文中得到广泛应用,良好的线条图可以将复杂的数据资料直观、简洁、明了地展现在读者面前,更有利于读者阅读和获取信息,更有助于作者思想的表达和科技信息的传播。以科技论文作者使用线条图中存在的问题为例,着重介绍了科技论文中线条图的几种优化方法。作者根据多年的编辑加工经验,通过对图类型选择、横纵坐标和图例的调整、图的合并拆分、图表转换、代码应用等方面的优化实例,为科技论文的合理加工提供信息和方法。通过线条图的优化,准确表达作者的思想和科学研究结果,有效地促进科技成果的快速传播。     

植物学研究领域学术论文题名问题的实例分析

通过作者多年对植物学研究领域学术论文编辑、修改中的实例,对论文题名中常见的题名与研究内容不符、题名冗长表达不明确、题名中出现非公知缩写和标点符号等问题进行实例分析,共列举16条原论文题名进行具体问题分析并提出修改建议.     

从编辑角度分析如何提高科技论文的质量

科技论文是科研成果交流和延续的载体,其质量是衡量个人、科研单位乃至国家学术水平的重要指标。文章根据科技论文的特点,结合多年从事科技期刊编辑工作的经验,从如何确保论文学术水平、选题方向和写作思路、杜绝学术不端、保护知识产权等方面进行了阐述,并就科技论文撰写过程中应该注意的几个问题：科技论文的层次结构、语言表达和写作水平、确保数据真实有效和可重复性、表格插图的规范使用、规范参考文献的著录格式,从编辑角度分析了如何提高科技论文的质量,以期为科技论文的撰写提供参考。     

《亚热带植物科学》2005～2009年载文与作者计量分析

以《亚热带植物科学》2005～2009年刊载的学术论文数据为样本,采用文献计量学方法,对其近五年的载文、作者、被引、出版时滞等数量指标进行统计分析。2005～2009年《亚热带植物科学》总载文量为463篇,期均发文23.2篇,每篇页数为3.60页。其中,基金资助论文数277篇,基金论文比为59.83%。研究报告是该刊重点栏目,论文篇数占载文量的71.92%,且比重正在加大。论文的出版时滞最长为400 d,最短20 d,平均170.6 d。对该刊论文作者的分析表明,作者合著率较高,为86.18%,但核心作者发文量不多,且其论文质量有待提高。为此,文章对今后编辑工作提出一些改善建议。     

《亚热带植物科学》2005—2009年载文与作者计量分析

以《亚热带植物科学》2005～2009年刊载的学术论文数据为样本,采用文献计量学方法,对其近五年的载文、作者、被引、出版时滞等数量指标进行统计分析。2005～2009年《亚热带植物科学》总载文量为463篇,期均发文23.2篇,每篇页数为3.60页。其中,基金资助论文数277篇,基金论文比为59.83%。研究报告是该刊重点栏目,论文篇数占载文量的71.92%,且比重正在加大。论文的出版时滞最长为400 d,最短20 d,平均170.6 d。对该刊论文作者的分析表明,作者合著率较高,为86.18%,但核心作者发文量不多,且其论文质量有待提高。为此,文章对今后编辑工作提出一些改善建议。     

关于科学论文中的“参考文献”——与赵尔宓院士一席谈

“参考文献”是科学论文的组成部分。笔者在编辑处理稿件时,发现一些论文或者没有列出文献,或者列出文献过多。或者所列文献陈旧,或者所列文献与论文关系甚远,或者作者自己并没有看过引用的文献,而是从他人论文中看到的。这种对参考文献的利用与取舍失当的现象,会给作者的论文造成负面影响。笔者送稿件请“专辑”主编审阅的机会,曾请他谈谈对这一问题的看法。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌中基于CRISPR/Cas9的多位点碱基编辑系统的优化

作为新型的基因组编辑工具,碱基编辑技术结合了CRISPR/Cas系统的定位功能和碱基脱氨酶的编辑功能,可实现特定位点的碱基突变,具有不产生双链DNA断裂,无需外源模板且不依赖染色体DNA同源重组的优势。目前,研究者们已在重要的工业生产菌株谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)中开发了多种碱基编辑工具,并实现了两基因和三基因的同时编辑。文中针对谷氨酸棒杆菌中基于CRISPR/Cas9的多位点碱基编辑系统中存在的不足(多重sgRNA结构烦琐、重复序列干扰、更换靶点困难等),采用多种策略进行优化,并比较碱基编辑效率:首先优化基于单独启动子/终止子的多重sgRNA表达框,通过构建框架质粒,并结合Golden Gate连接方法,加速靶点更换,避免重复序列干扰,虽然该方法 sgRNA结构烦琐,但编辑效率最高;同时,开发基于Type ⅡCRISPR crRNA阵列、tRNA加工的多重gRNA表达框,这两种形式均只需要一个启动子和一个终止子序列,极大地简化了表达框结构,虽然编辑效率均出现下降,但仍具有一定的实用性。该研究丰富了谷氨酸棒杆菌的基因组编辑工具,为该菌株的遗传改...     

植物学论文摘要写作的标准化与规范化

为了使科技论文摘要写作进一步规范化、标准化, 以期提高科技论文的质量, 针对植物学论文摘要中存在的一些问题, 就其内容、结构、写作格式等进行了分析, 论述了科技论文摘要规范化与标准化写作的重要意义, 并就如何加强科技论文摘要规范化写作以及科技期刊编辑的标准化意识进行了探讨。     

中国科技核心期刊《生态科学》的零被引论文特征分析

为了解中国科技核心期刊《生态科学》论文的零被引情况, 减少零被引论文的出现, 该文对《生态科学》2013—2015年发表的零被引论文的特征进行分析。结果发现, 2013—2015年《生态科学》共刊登论文508篇, 其中零被引的论文为58篇。论文的零被引率与当年刊登论文的数量关系不大, 而与论文的下载率有正相关关系。研究类论文出现零被引的可能性大于综述类论文, 作者人数为1名的论文和没有项目资助的论文出现零被引的可能性较大。该文最后指出, 论文出现零被引涉及到多种因素, 但与稿件内容质量、期刊影响力、论文可获取性等具有一定。需要结合作者、审稿专家和编辑的共同努力, 减少期刊论文的零被引情况, 提高《生态科学》的学术水平和影响力。     

基于CRISPR/Cas系统的黑曲霉基因组编辑技术

黑曲霉Aspergillus niger是有机酸与酶制剂的重要工业生产菌株,以极端环境耐受性、高生产经济性、强发酵鲁棒性与高食品安全性等优势成为不可多得的细胞工厂。合成生物学与系统生物学的快速发展,不仅拉开了全面揭示黑曲霉细胞工厂高效运转机制的序幕,而且为高效黑曲霉细胞工厂的创建优化提供了新技术体系。作为新一代的基因组编辑技术,基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因组编辑技术为黑曲霉基因组定向改造与基因表达调控带来了革命性突破。本文重点综述该技术在黑曲霉中的最新进展及其在黑曲霉基因编辑与表达调控中的应用,并对其未来发展方向进行展望。     

JUICE,software for vegetation classification

Abstract. The program JUICE was designed as a Microsoft® WINDOWS® application for editing, classification and analysis of large phytosociological tables and databases. This software, with a current maximum capacity of 30 000 relevés in one table, includes many functions for easy manipulation of table and header data. Various options include classification using COCKTAIL and TWINSPAN methods, calculation of interspecific associations, fidelity measures, average Ellenberg indicator values, preparation of synoptic tables, automatic sorting of relevé tables, and export of table data into other applications (word processors, spreadsheet programs or mapping packages). JUICE is optimized for use in association with TURBOVEG which is the most widespread database program for storing phytosociological data in Europe.     

Statistical considerations for in vitro research: II — Data to presentation

Summary The paper is the second of two papers about statistical considerations that researchers should make while doing in vitro plant biology research. The first paper focused on aspects from developing a plan to do research through the collection of data. This paper continues with information about editing data, handling outliers, analyzing quantitative and qualitative data, comparing treatment means, preparing graphs and tables, and presenting results.     

水稻二化螟地理信息系统数据库的设计与组建

组建地理信息系统数据库是进行种群时空动态分析的前提和基础。在介绍地理信息系统数据库的概念、特点等的基础上,以ArcView GIS 3.1作为组建数据库、进行时空分析的基本软件平台,对浙江省水稻二化螟数量变化的历史资料及有关的空间和属性数据进行分类、编码、输入与编辑等, 分别建立了空间及属性数据库。其中空间库包括浙江省的政区、河流、道路、等高线、土壤类型等图层, 属性库包括气象、耕作制度、灯诱及田间数据等。并将各地地名作为主关键字,以实现空间库与属性库以及各属性库之间的关联。该数据库不仅具有基本的数据库管理功能,如数据的输入、输出、编辑和查询,更重要的是可以通过该数据库对种群动态进行时空分析。     

On the manipulation and editing of phytosociological and ecological data

Editing and other manipulations of phytosociological data are considered parts of a more comprehensive data management program. The topic is reviewed against the background of an increasing number of presentations in Vegetatio. It is observed that the newer editing programs do not add anything new to the already existing battery of programs. Yet, there is a need for further discussions of some risks in data manipulations, notably a priori deletion of relevés and species transformation of field scores, and incorporation of suitable devices in the packages available. Also, the evaluation of classification results and the allocation of new material to existing classification systems need more attention. So do the problems concerning the production of structured phytosociological tables, as outcomes of multivariate data treatments.     

Hydrolysis of non-cognate aminoacyl-adenylates by a class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase lacking an editing domain

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, a group of enzymes catalyzing aminoacyl-tRNA formation, may possess inherent editing activity to clear mistakes arising through the selection of non-cognate amino acid. It is generally assumed that both editing substrates, non-cognate aminoacyl-adenylate and misacylated tRNA, are hydrolyzed at the same editing domain, distant from the active site. Here, we present the first example of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (seryl-tRNA synthetase) that naturally lacks an editing domain, but possesses a hydrolytic activity toward non-cognate aminoacyl-adenylates. Our data reveal that tRNA-independent pre-transfer editing may proceed within the enzyme active site without shuttling the non-cognate aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate to the remote editing site.     

ADAR2 induces reproducible changes in sequence and abundance of mature microRNAs in the mouse brain

Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) deaminate adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNAs including miRNA precursors. A to I editing is widespread and required for normal life. By comparing deep sequencing data of brain miRNAs from wild-type and ADAR2 deficient mouse strains, we detect editing sites and altered miRNA processing at high sensitivity. We detect 48 novel editing events in miRNAs. Some editing events reach frequencies of up to 80%. About half of all editing events depend on ADAR2 while some miRNAs are preferentially edited by ADAR1. Sixty-four percent of all editing events are located within the seed region of mature miRNAs. For the highly edited miR-3099, we experimentally prove retargeting of the edited miRNA to novel 3′ UTRs. We show further that an abundant editing event in miR-497 promotes processing by Drosha of the corresponding pri-miRNA. We also detect reproducible changes in the abundance of specific miRNAs in ADAR2-deficient mice that occur independent of adjacent A to I editing events. This indicates that ADAR2 binding but not editing of miRNA precursors may influence their processing. Correlating with changes in miRNA abundance we find misregulation of putative targets of these miRNAs in the presence or absence of ADAR2.     

Alignment with context dependent scoring function.

In the paper by Gambin et al. (2002) we introduced the model of contextual alignment of biological sequences. It is an extension of the classical alignment, in which the cost of a substitution depends on the surrounding symbols. Consequently, in this model the cost of transforming one sequence into another depends on the order of editing operations. In this paper, we strengthen some of our results which concern reconstructing (the representation of) all the orders of operations which yield this optimal cost. We also present a procedure to construct context-dependent substitution tables and discuss the distribution of scores of local contextual alignment, which is shown to follow the extreme value distribution in the gap-free, reduced context case. We also demonstrate a linear time algorithm to compute the optimal local and global alignment without gaps.