雨生红球藻八氢番茄红素合成酶基因的克隆及表征

雨生红球藻是一种单细胞绿藻,在多种逆境胁迫条件下能够大量合成并迅速积累虾青素,其积累量最高可达细胞干重的4%,从而成为目前最理想的天然虾青素合成工具.八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)是虾青素合成途径中第一个限速酶.分离了八氢番茄红素合成酶基因(psy)的全长cDNA及基因组DNA.其全长cDNA包括1200个碱基,编码400个氨基酸,基因组DNA包括5个外显子,4个内含子.系统发育分析结果显示,绿藻的八氢番茄红素合成酶基因形成一个进化枝,它们与高等植物的psy亲缘关系比较近.通过GenomeWalking的方法,分离了psy基因约1kb的5′侧翼序列.将含有TATA-box和CAAT-box的297bp的序列与LacZ报告基因构成嵌合的表达载体,用基因枪法转化雨生红球藻.lacZ的瞬间表达检测结果表明,这段上游序列能够驱动lacZ表达,具有启动子活性.     

西瓜八氢番茄红素合成酶基因片段的克隆和序列分析

以西瓜品种ZXG00152为材料,提取瓜瓤总RNA,进行反转录,依据植物八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)的氨基酸保守序列设计引物,以cDNA第一链为模板,扩增得到长约750 bp的cDNA片段。将该片段克隆到pMD19-T载体,测序结果表明该基因片段长748 bp,编码249个氨基酸,Blast搜索结果表明,由该片段推导出的氨基酸序列与其它植物的八氢番茄红素合成酶有较高的同源性,其中与甜瓜的一致性达到97.8%。该片段已在GenBank中登录(登录号:DQ494214)。     

果实特异性RNAi介导的Lcy基因沉默来增加番茄中番茄红素的含量

根据GenBank中番茄的番茄红素β-环化酶(Lcy)基因序列和八氢番茄红素去饱和酶基因(Pds)启动子序列设计特异引物从番茄基因组DNA中分别扩增出了Lcy基因的高度保守的长302bp的DNA片段和长1790的Pds启动子片段。根据RNAi的原理,将Lcy基因的DNA片段以正反两个方向通过一段内含子序列连接在一起形成RNAi片段,将该片段与Pds启动子一起插入到pVCT2020的表达载体中,通过农杆菌介导的方法转化番茄,获得转基因植株5棵,PCR检测证实外源片段已成功导入番茄基因组中。收获转色期后20d左右的完全成熟的番茄果实提取番茄红素进行含量分析,结果显示转基因番茄果实中番茄红素的含量极大的增加了。上述结果表明通过RNAi果实特异性的抑制类胡萝卜素代谢途径中生物合成酶基因的表达能够极大的增加番茄果实中番茄红素的含量。这为通过基因工程手段提高番茄果实中的营养价值提供了参考。     

拟南芥春化相关基因VRN2的克隆及其植物表达载体的构建

本文利用特异性引物,从拟南芥RNA中提取春化相关基因VRN2 cDNA序列,GenBank登录号AY063047。该基因序列大小为1 354 bp,编码区为1 323 bp,编码氨基酸441个。将克隆片段插入中间载体pBPFΩ7,经PstI酶切回收带有P35S启动子和nos终止子片段,连接pBI121载体,构建VRN2基因的植物表达载体。     

Prd29A及DREB1A的克隆和干旱诱导型植物表达载体的构建与鉴定

从拟南芥中克隆了RD29A基因的启动子(Prd29A)及DREB1M基因的DNA片段,构建Prd29A:DREB1A融合基因,采用合成的接头将该融合基因插入到植物表达载体pBI121中,经鉴定,确认正确.     

果实特异性RNAi介导的Lcy基因沉默来增加番茄中番茄红素的含量

根据GenBank中番茄的番茄红素β-环化酶（Lcy）基因序列和八氢番茄红素去饱和酶基因（Pds）启动子序列设计特异引物从番茄基因组DNA中分别扩增出了Lcy基因的高度保守的长302bp的DNA片段和长1790的Pds启动子片段。根据RNAi的原理,将Lcy基因的DNA片段以正反两个方向通过一段内含子序列连接在一起形成RNAi片段,将该片段与Pds启动子一起插入到pVCT2020的表达载体中,通过农杆菌介导的方法转化番茄,获得转基因植株5棵,PCR检测证实外源片段已成功导入番茄基因组中。收获转色期后20d左右的完全成熟的番茄果实提取番茄红素进行含量分析,结果显示：转基因番茄果实中番茄红素的含量极大的增加了。上述结果表明：通过RNAi果实特异性的抑制类胡萝卜素代谢途径中生物合成酶基因的表达能够极大的增加番茄果实中番茄红素的含量。这为通过基因工程手段提高番茄果实中的营养价值提供了参考     

果实特异性RNAi介导的Lcy基因沉默来增加番茄中番茄红素的含量

根据GenBank中番茄的番茄红素β-环化酶（Lcy）基因序列和八氢番茄红素去饱和酶基因（Pds）启动子序列设计特异引物从番茄基因组DNA中分别扩增出了Lcy基因的高度保守的长302bp的DNA片段和长1790的Pds启动子片段。根据RNAi的原理,将Lcy基因的DNA片段以正反两个方向通过一段内含子序列连接在一起形成RNAi片段,将该片段与Pds启动子一起插入到pVCT2020的表达载体中,通过农杆菌介导的方法转化番茄,获得转基因植株5棵,PCR检测证实外源片段已成功导入番茄基因组中。收获转色期后20d左右的完全成熟的番茄果实提取番茄红素进行含量分析,结果显示：转基因番茄果实中番茄红素的含量极大的增加了。上述结果表明：通过RNAi果实特异性的抑制类胡萝卜素代谢途径中生物合成酶基因的表达能够极大的增加番茄果实中番茄红素的含量。这为通过基因工程手段提高番茄果实中的营养价值提供了参考     

番茄GRAS转录因子家族基因SIGLD1的克隆及VIGS载体构建

本研究以醋栗番茄(LA2184)为材料,运用生物信息学方法和PCR技术,预测SIGLD1基因与番茄抗冷的相关性,设计SIGLD1基因的特异性引物,克隆出片段长度为413 bp的序列。以番茄八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(phytoenedesaturase,PDS)基因作为阳性对照,该基因克隆片段长度为427 bp。系统进化树显示,SIGLD1基因与拟南芥中已发表过的抗冷基因聚类在一起,利用RT-PCR技术,检测SIGLD1基因在不同冷处理时间点上的表达量,发现SIGLD1基因在3~6 h的表达量最高,说明该基因在番茄的抗冷过程中发挥重要作用。本研究成功构建出SIGLD1、PDS基因的病毒诱导基因沉默的重组载体。构建的p TRV2-SIGLD1、p TRV2-PDS重组载体将为下一步研究番茄中SIGLD1基因的功能验证奠定实验基础。     

人参愈伤组织的PSY 基因遗传转化

将八氢番茄红素合成酶基因(PSY)重组于植物双元表达载体pBin438, 得到重组质粒pBin438-PSY。用冻融法将其导入农杆菌EHA101中, 采用叶盘法转化人参愈伤组织, 对所获得的抗性细胞系进行PCR和Southern检测, 并对表达产物进行 了薄层层析(TLC)、光谱分析、高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测及含量测定。结果表明PSY基因已成功导入人参愈伤组织细胞基因组, 并已得到高效表达, 表达产物b-胡萝卜素含量为143 ug.g-1人参细胞干重。本研究利用转基因方法在人参愈伤组织细胞中成功地表达了八氢番茄红素合成酶基因, 为进一步提高人参的营养价值奠定了基础。     

人参愈伤组织的PSY基因遗传转化

将八氢番茄红素合成酶基因（PSY）重组于植物双元表达载体pBin438,得到重组质粒pBin438-PSY。用冻融法将其导入农杆菌EHA101中,采用叶盘法转化人参愈伤组织,对所获得的抗性细胞系进行PCR和Southern检测,并对表达产物进行了薄层层析（TLC）、光谱分析、高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测及含量测定。结果表明PSY基因已成功导入人参愈伤组织细胞基因组,并已得到高效表达,表达产物β-胡萝卜素含量为143μg·g^-1人参细胞干重。本研究利用转基因方法在人参愈伤组织细胞中成功地表达了八氢番茄红素合成酶基因,为进一步提高人参的营养价值奠定了基础。     

小麦HMW-GS 12基因克隆及植物表达载体构建

目的:为了利用基因遗传转化改良小麦品质,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术。方法:从小麦品种东农7742基因组DNA中扩增并克隆了小麦高分子量谷蛋白12亚基基因(HMW-GS 12)。结果:序列分析结果表明,该基因全长1 980bp,其核苷酸顺序和推导的氨基酸顺序与已发表的序列相比,同源性分别为99.5%和99.7%。经过基因拼接,分别构建了胚乳特异性表达和组成型表达的高分子量谷蛋白12亚基基因的两个植物表达载体pDNPPBIHG和pUbPBIHG。     

小伞山羊草中新型avenin-like基因的克隆及真核表达载体的构建

目的：克隆小伞山羊草中新型avenin-like（类燕麦储藏蛋白）基因,揭示avenin-like基因的表达模式,并构建avenin-like基因真核胚乳特异性表达载体。方法：利用RT-PCR方法揭示avenin-like基因的表达模式,并用PCR方法从小伞山羊草中克隆新型avenin-like基因;将克隆的avenin-like基因插入表达载体pLRPT构建真核表达载体pLRPT-avel,并经酶切和测序鉴定。结果：avenin-like基因在胚乳中特异性表达;克隆得到新型avenin-like基因,并构建了其真核胚乳特异性表达载体。结论：新型avenin-like基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建,为小麦品质改良提供了研究基础。     

小麦HMW-GS 1Bx14基因特异标记体系的建立

比较1Bx14及其它已知HMW-GS基因的启动子和编码区,根据其不同点设计出1Bx14基因特异扩增引物。以8种已知HMW-GS组成的小麦DNA为模板进行PCR扩增。结果表明：具有1Bx14亚基的品种扩增出1条400bp左朽特异条带。结合该特异标记和已报道的1Dx5特异标记对2个F2杂交群体进行检测,从184个F2单株中筛选出111个同时含有1Bx14和1Dx5基因的单株。该研究结果可为种质鉴定和亚基整合育种提供参考。     

A wheat genomic DNA fragment reduces pollen transmission of maize transgenes by reducing pollen viability

A genomic DNA fragment from wheat carrying the Glu-1Dx5 gene has been shown to exhibit reduced pollen transmission in transgenic maize. To localize the region of the DNA fragment responsible for this reduced pollen transmission, we produced transgenic maize plants in which the wheat genomic DNA proximal to the 1Dx5 coding sequence was replaced with the maize 27 kDa gamma-zein promoter. Like the wheat promoter-driven Glu-1Dx5 transgene, this zein promoter-driven transgene functioned to produce 1Dx5 in maize endosperm. However, with the zein promoter-driven transgene, pollen transmission of the transgene loci was normal in most self- and cross-pollinations. We concluded that the wheat genomic DNA proximal to the wheat 1Dx5 coding sequence was required for reduced pollen transmission of the transgene in maize. In two of four transformation events of the wheat promoter-driven construct examined, pollen exhibited two morphological classes. In one class, pollen was normal in morphology and displayed average viability, and in the second, pollen was reduced in size and did not germinate on artificial media. DNA from the transgene was detectable in mature pollen from plants with reduced pollen transmission of transgene loci. To explain these observations, we hypothesize that elements within the transgene construct interfere with pollen development. We demonstrated that the wheat genomic DNA fragment can be used to control pollen transmission of an herbicide resistance transgene genetically linked to it. The wheat genomic DNA fragment may contain elements that are useful for controlling pollen transmission of transgene loci in commercial maize grain and seed production.     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白5亚基基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

小麦麦谷蛋白5亚基直接影响面包的烘烤品质,但我国大部分小麦品种的蛋白中缺少这种亚基。通过引物设计、PCR扩增,从Cheyenne中得到了小麦麦谷蛋白5亚基结构基因(sub5)的全长核苷酸序列(2750bp)和小麦麦谷蛋白5亚基基因启动子(Psub5)的核酸序列(630bp)。测序结果表明：得到了小麦籽粒中特异表达启动子——Psub2和用于改良小麦品质的结构基因——sub5。通过选择和改变相应的酶切位点,在构建6个中间载体的基础上,最后得到了含有目的基因的表达载体pCAM—BIAl301—Psub5—sub5—nos。酶切电泳及PCR鉴定表明：已成功地合成了sub5的表达载体。有希望通过基因工程的方法将该表达载体用于小麦的品质改良。     

Molecular cloning of a novel chimeric HMW glutenin subunit gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">1Dx5′</Emphasis> from a common wheat line W958

A novel chimeric high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunit gene from a new common wheat line W958 (2n = 6x = 42) was isolated and characterized. SDS–PAGE analysis revealed that this glutenin subunit has similar electrophoretic mobility to 1Dx5, so it was designated 1Dx5′. Genomic DNA from W958 was amplified and a 2,505-bp fragment was obtained. The 1Dx5′ subunit showed a chimeric primary structure of 1Dx5 and 1Dx2, with the 1Dx5 sequence in the 5′ and middle repetitive regions and the 1Dx2 sequence in the repetitive domain and 3′ region. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis demonstrated that 1Dx5′ had a molecular weight of 86815.1 Da, close to that of an x-type glutenin subunit. Secondary structure analysis showed that this subunit had six helixes and one strand, including four helixes in the repetitive domain which could enhance the dough properties. Additionally, the promoter of 1Dx5′ was obtained and showed the same sequence as 1Dx5 or 1Dx2 except for a few base conversions. The promoter analysis indicated that the cis-acting regulatory elements of 1Dx5′ were the same as those of 1Dx5 and/or 1Dx2. Previously, we have demonstrated that this novel glutenin subunit is associated with good bread-making quality and comprises a very large proportion of the F2 segregation population. Consequently, we suggest that the amino acid residue composition and the secondary structure of the subunit may contribute to the bread-making quality. In summary, the novel 1Dx5′ gene could have greater potential in wheat quality improvement.     

Analysis of the nourseothricin-resistance gene (nat) of Streptomyces noursei

A gene (nat) conferring resistance to the streptothricin antibiotic nourseothricin (Nc) was cloned from the producer Streptomyces noursei into Streptomyces lividans on the vector pIJ702 to form pNAT1. The nat gene was localized on a 1-kb SalI-MboI fragment, which also carries the nat promoter. Divergent promoter activity from the nat promoter region was identified on the cloned fragment using promoter probe plasmids pIJ486 and pIJ487. The nat gene is not expressed from its own promoter in Escherichia coli as shown by its failure to promote cat expression in promoter-less plasmid pBB100 and by the expression of NcR in only one orientation, when cloned in pUC19. In S. lividans 7A, harbouring plasmid pNAT1, an Nc-acetylating activity (NAT) was associated with the cloned resistance gene. The substrate specificity of NAT correlated well with the substrate range of the acetyltransferase in S. noursei and Tn1825-determined streptothricin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, an extract of S. lividans carrying pNAT1 showed specific serological cross-reactivity with an extract of E. coli carrying Tn1825.     

枯草杆菌表达载体pUB23的构建及地衣杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的表达

将克隆的解淀粉芽胞杆菌强启动子经DNA序列分析后连接到能在枯草杆菌中复制的质粒pUB18上,构建枯草杆菌表达载体pUB23。为了测试构建的表达载体能否表达外源基因,将地衣杆菌抉失了启动子的α-淀粉酶基因接到pUB23上启动子的下游,组建重组质粒,转化枯草杆菌QB1130(amy~-),获得能分泌α-淀粉酶的转化株,证明缺失了启动子的结构基因在pUB23上克隆启动子的启动下获得表达。酶活力测定结果表明,表达水平是用原启动子时的2.5倍.