豚鼠胆囊内CGRP免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布特点

应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法，研究了降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）免疫反应阳性神经纤维在豚鼠胆囊内的分布及分布特点。结果表明：胆囊内有较丰富的ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维，它们多呈念珠状膨大，在血管壁内及血管周围区域数量较多。胆囊颈部和胆囊管ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布多于胆囊底部和体部。提示ＣＧＲＰ对胆囊的功能有调节作用。     

乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究夏立群,王庆堂（同济医科大学组织胚胎学教研室武汉４３００３０）关键词乌鳢,内分泌细胞,免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ方法ＩＭＭＵＮＯＣＹＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＴＨＥＥＮＤＯＣＲＩＮＥＣＥＬＬＳＩＮＴＨＥＧＡＳＴＲＯ...     

大鼠内毒素血症不同时期血CGRP和背根神经节CGRP mRNA水平的变化

本文采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法测定大鼠内毒素血症不同时期胸腰段背根神经节降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）ｍＲＮＡ水平的改变,结合血浆ＣＧＲＰ水平的改变,以期全面了解大鼠内毒不血症不同时期ＣＧＲＰ释放与合成的变化。结果显示：注射内毒素（５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）后３０ｍｉｎ时,大鼠血浆ＣＧＲＰ开始增高,而背根神经节ＣＧＲＰ ｍＲＮＡ水平无明显变化;注射内毒素后３ｈ时,血浆ＣＧＲＰ及背根神经节ＣＧＲＰ     

大鼠鼻粘膜肽能神经末梢分布的研究

用免疫组化技术（ＡＢＣ法）系统研究了大鼠鼻粘膜９种肽能神经末梢分布的特征,这９种神经肽分别是Ｐ物质（ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅＰ,ＳＰ）,神经激肽Ａ（ｎｅｕｒｏｋｉｎｉｎＡ,ＮＫＡ）,神经激肽Ｂ（ｎｅｕｒｏｋｉｎｉｎＢ,ＮＫＢ）,降钙素基因相关肽（ｃａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｅ－ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＣＧＲＰ）,血管活性肠多肽（ｖａｓｏａｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｐｏｌｙｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＶＩＰ）,神经肽Ｙ（ｎｅｕｒｏｐｅｐｔｉｄｅＹ,ＮＰＹ）,甘丙肽（ｇａｌａｎｉｎ,ＧＡＬ）,生长抑素（ｓｏｍａｔｏｓｔａｔｉｎ,ＳＯＭ）及神经降压素（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎ,ＮＴ）,同时选择与鼻粘膜神经肽（ＮＰ）作用密切相关的三叉神经节（ＴＧ）细胞进行上述ＮＰ的定位。用重组ＰＳＰ６５质粒（４００ＳＯＭｃＤＮＡ）制备ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ单链探针,以地高辛精标记,在鼻粘膜及ＴＧ细胞进行ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ的原位杂交组化研究。结果提示大鼠鼻粘膜有丰富的肽能神经末梢;ＴＧ细胞含有多种ＮＰ并且可以合成ＳＯＭ。该研究结果对重新认识鼻粘膜神经分布规律有一定意义。     

云南6个地区恒河猴蛋白多态及遗传多样性研究

云南６个地区恒河猴蛋白多态及遗传多样性研究＊ＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＤＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹＡＭＯＮＧＭａｃａｃａｍｕｌａｔａＦＲＯＭＳＩＸＲＥＧＩＯＮＳＩＮＹＵＮＮＡＮＰＲＯＶＩＮＣＥＢＡＳＥＤＯＮＰＲＯＴＥＩＮＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＰＨＯＲＥＳＩＳ关键词恒河猴，蛋白电泳...     

小鼠颌下腺降钙素基因相关肽的免疫组织化学定位

本文用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法,对小鼠颌下腺中降钙素基因相关肽（ＣａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｃＧｅｎｅ－ＲｅｌａｔｅｄＰｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＣＧＲＰ）的分布进行了观察。结果表明：小鼠颌小腔内有降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应神经的分布,它们主要分布于小叶间结缔组织中。此外,颗粒由管细胞也呈降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性。提示降钙素基因相关肽可能参与颌下腺的分泌活动及血液循环等生理调节。     

恒河猴五种组织染色质化学组分的对比研究

恒河猴五种组织染色质化学组分的对比研究钟叔平，温博贵（汕头大学医学院生化教研室汕头５１５０３１）关键词恒河猴，细胞分化，染色质，非组蛋白，基因调控ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＢＬＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＣＨＲＯＭＡＴＩＮＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＩＶＥＴＩＳＳＵＥＳＦＲ...     

豚鼠胸腺含P物质、降钙素基因相关肽和神经肽Y神经的定位研究

为研究神经肽调节胸腺生理功能的作用途径,作者采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合ＧＤＮ增强技术,以３０μｍ厚恒冷箱切片光镜下观察了豚鼠胸腺内含ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＮＰＹ神经纤维的定位与分布。结果发现,ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应神经纤维在胸腺内分布广泛,呈线状或串珠状,可见于血管周围,小叶间结缔组织和胸腺实质。实质中以皮髓质交界区和髓质区纤维分布较密集,而走行于皮质淋巴组织的神经纤维相对稀疏,胸腺小体附近亦可见含ＣＧＲＰ神经分布。含ＮＰＹ神经纤维主要分布于血管周围、小叶间隔和皮髓质交界区,仅少数分支穿行于皮质胸腺细胞之间。胸腺被膜中有上述３种肽能神经纤维分布。本研究结果表明,胸腺内有丰富的肽能神经分布,这可能是神经肽调节胸腺生理功能的重要方式之一。     

细支气管肺泡细胞增生和细支气管肺泡细胞癌内生长因子和蛋白激酶C的表达

表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）、转化生长因子－α（ＴＧＦα）、表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）和蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）与细胞生长、增殖分化调节和细胞癌变有密切关系。作者用免疫组织化学方法检测了细支气管肺泡细胞增生（ＢＡＨ）和细支气管肺泡细胞癌（ＢＡＣ）的ＥＧＦ、ＴＧＦα、ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＫＣ表达。结果表明：ＢＡＣ中的ＥＧＦ、ＴＧＦα阳性率和阳性强度以及ＥＧＦＲ、ＰＫＣ阳性强度均明显高于ＢＡＨ。ＢＡＨ的重度不典型增生病例,其ＥＧＦ、ＴＧＦα、ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＫＣ均呈高表达。ＴＧＦα、ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＫＣ三者在ＢＡＣ和ＢＡＨ中的表达存在明显相关性。提示：ＴＧＦα及其受体ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＫＣ是细支气管肺泡细胞增生、恶性转化和肺泡癌细胞失控生长的重要因素。     

烫伤对大鼠下丘脑视上核内皮素-1基因转录和蛋白含量的影响

用原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法观察了烫伤后下丘脑视上核（ＳＯＮ）内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）基因转录和蛋白含量的变化,并用通用图像颗粒分析法估计ＥＴ－１ ｍＲＮＡ阳性杂交信号的强度和ＥＴ－１样免疫反应物（ＥＴ－１－ｉｒ）的免疫反应强度。与对照组相比,烫伤后１５ｍｉｎ,ＳＯＮ神经元胞浆内ＥＴ－１ ｍＲＮＡ阳性杂交信号未见明显变化;而在烫伤后６０和１８０ｍｉｎ,ＥＴ－１ ｍＲＮＡ阳性杂交信号强度分别较比照组增     

合成洗涤剂对人和哺乳动物细胞的诱变性研究

各种合成洗涤剂(洗衣粉,洗发膏,餐具洗涤剂等)产量日增。在日常生活中使用越来越普遍。洗涤剂直接或间接通过环境污染对人类健康产生影响,特别是潜在的致突变性引起公众的普遍注意。而现有的研究结果并不一致。本研究选用三种型号的合成洗涤剂,以小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变和骨髓细胞微核率及离体的人类细胞和中国仓鼠细胞的染色体畸变和姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)为测定指标,系统地对合成洗涤剂的诱变活     

TURNOVER OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE IN MICROSOMES AND MYELIN IN BRAINS OF YOUNG AND ADULT RATS

We have tested the hypothesis that the turnover of phosphatidylcholine in subcellular fractions of rat brain is a function of the age at which this lipid is deposited. Rats, 60 days of age, were injected intracranially with [2-³H]glycerol and either [methyl-¹⁴C]choline (to label the base moiety) or [U-¹⁴C]glucose (to label acyl moieties). Littermates were killed up to 90 days after injection and brain microsomes and myelin isolated. Lipids were extracted and the phosphatidylcholine was isolated by 2-dimensional TLC and hydrolyzed to its constituent moieties. The ³H in the glycerol backbone and ¹⁴C in the choline or acyl residues was quantitated. The microsomal and myelin ³H/¹⁴C ratios decreased with time with either set of precursors, indicating that labeled choline and acyl moieties were reutilized more efficiently than the glycerol backbone. The various precursors exhibited first order decay curves with half-lives for the glycerol backbone of 6 and 11 days for the microsomal and myelin fractions respectively. These results contrast with those previously obtained with identical experimental procedures when 17-day-old animals were injected. In that study, although much of the phosphatidylcholine turned over rapidly as for the older animals, by 2 weeks after injection most of the remaining phosphatidylcholine was turning over more slowly with a half-life of 13 and 25 days for microsomes and myelin respectively (Miller et al., 1977). The base and acyl moieties also had a corresponding shorter half-life in older animals relative to the slow turnover phase in younger rats.     

武汉东湖沉积物和沉积物间隙水中氮和磷的含量及其分布

武汉东湖的沉积物中氮(N)的平均含量上层(0—10厘米)为14．2毫克／克(干重,下同),下层(10-40厘米)为12．0毫克／克。磷(P)的平均含量上层为0．87毫克／克,下层为0.62毫克／克。沉积物中氮和磷的含量均有明显的垂直和平面分布上的差异,上层高于下层,水果湖区高于其它湖区。沉积物间隙水中总溶解氮的浓度高,平均为儿．52毫克／升,主要以氨氮的形态存在,占总溶解氮的61．3％。总溶解磷的浓度较低,平均为0．113毫克／升,其中正磷酸盐占55.8％。间隙水中氮和磷的浓度均有明显的季节变动,夏季和秋季的浓度高,冬季和春季浓度低。除氨氮外,间隙水中氮和磷的浓度比底层湖水中氮和磷的浓度高,但一般不超过5倍,表明沉积物和湖水之间溶解的营养物质交换十分强烈。     

大鼠颌下腺促性腺激素释放激素及其mRNA的免疫组织化学与原位杂交研究

用免疫组织化学及原位杂交法,研究了促性腺激素释放激素及其ｍＲＮＡ在大鼠颌下腺的分布。结果显示,大鼠颌下腺的浆液性腺泡的上皮细胞,各级导管的上皮细胞及副交感神经节细胞均呈促性腺激素释放激素免疫反应阳性,阳性反应物质分布在胞质,胞核呈阴性反应。颌下腺的浆液性腺泡上皮细胞,各级导管上皮细胞同样被检测到很强的促性腺激素释放激素ｍＲＮＡ杂交信号。以上结果提示,大鼠颌下腺能自身合成促性腺激素释放激素,促性腺激素释放激素对消化功能可能有重要调节作用。     

VASCULAR SUPPLY AND STRUCTURE OF THE OVULE AND ARIL IN PEONY AND OF THE ARIL IN NUTMEG

Camp , Wendell H., and Mary M. Hubbard . (U. Connecticut, Storrs.) Vascular supply and structure of the ovule and aril in peony and of the aril in nutmeg. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(2): 174–178. Illus. 1963.—Examination of the placental region in the carpel of Paeonia indicates a complexity and super-abundance of vascular supply beyond that usually found in angiosperms and certainly more than is necessary for adequate nutrition and water supply of the ovules. From this it is concluded that the ovules once were borne on a larger and more complex structure than the present carpel. Vascular strands leading to the aril and the hypostase are interpreted as being relictual. The large multifid aril of Myristica has a well-developed vascular system composed of several sizes of branched bundles.     

DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN LEVELS AND FORMS OF CHOLINESTERASES IN MUSCLES OF NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC CHICKENS

Abstract— Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (°ChE) were studied in vivo and during the first several months of development of pectoral and posterior latissimi dorsi (PLD) muscles in normal and dystrophic chickens. Muscle extracts were prepared in a high ionic strength-nonionic detergent medium in the presence of protease inhibitors, in order to obtain complete solubilization and to prevent degradation of intrinsic molecular forms of both enzymes. In both normal and dystrophic pectoral muscles levels of AChE and °ChE increase rapidly in vivo, °ChE accounting for 5–10% of total cholinesterase activity. In the normal pectoral muscle the concentration of both enzymes drops rapidly after hatching with increasing muscle mass; total AChE per muscle remains relatively constant for 30 days post-hatch. In the dystrophic pectoral muscle both AChE and °ChE accumulate after hatching, resulting in greatly elevated levels (approx 10–25-fold) of both enzymes throughout the period studied. Multiple molecular forms of AChE and °ChE are observed in the pectoral muscle by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Four principal forms are distinguished: two light (L₁, L₂), one medium (M), and one heavy (H₂). The °ChE forms are 0.5–1.0 S units lighter than the corresponding AChE forms. L₂ is the predominant light form of AChE, whereas L₁ is the major light °ChE form detected. The lighter forms of AChE predominate in normal and dystrophic embryonic pectoral muscle at day 14, being replaced by the H₂ form by day 19. H₂ is the major °ChE form detected at day 19. After hatching, H₂ AChE is the predominant form found in both of the normal muscles studied. In the dystrophic pectoral muscle, progressive accumulation of the L₂ form of AChE is detected as early as day 4 post-hatch; this form eventually becomes predominant, although the heavier forms are also elevated. In PLD muscle the same phenomenon occurs, but with a slower time course. In dystrophic pectoral muscle a similar rise in the L₁ form of °ChE is first observed by day 4, with heavier forms also elevated in the mature muscle. Thus the alteration in the control of these two enzymes in dystrophic fast-twitch muscles results in an accumulation of the light forms of AChE and °ChE.     

INCREASE IN SIZE AND CELL NUMBER OF LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIA IN THE PRIMARY OF INTACT PLANTS AND IN EXCISED ROOTS OF PISUM SATIVUM AND VICIA FABA

Increase in cell number, and in anlage volume and length have been investigated during the development of lateral root primordia in roots of intact plants of Pisum sativum and Vicia faba and in excised roots of both species cultured in White's medium supplemented with 2% sucrose. With the exception of primordia in excised roots of Vicia, the general equation which best described increase in each aspect of primoridium growth measured against time was that for exponential growth. When the times necessary for cell number and primordium volume and length to double were determined at intervals over the period of development studied, however, they were found to vary. Similarly, estimates of the size of the proliferative fraction of cells at different times during anlage development indicated that this index of meristematic activity also fluctuated over the developmental period investigated, i.e., increase in cell number and in primordium volume and length do not occur in a truly exponential fashion as the primordia increase in size and cell number. One difference between anlage development in the roots of intact plants and in those grown in culture was that whereas the former primordia completed their development and emerged as lateral roots over the period of the investigation, the latter did not. Moreover, cell doubling time and anlage volume and length doubling times were longer, and the proliferation fraction of cells lower, over the whole period of, and at intervals during, primordium development in the excised roots compared with the results obtained for the roots of the corresponding intact plants.