远东刺猬正常心电图的描记

本文采用标准双极导联(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)和加压单极肢导联(aVR、aVL、aVF)对12只成体远东刺猬Erinaceus amurensis进行心电图测定。结果表明,远东刺猬的平均心率为294±46次/min,均为窦性心律。各导联的波形均较规则而稳定,所有导联都有QRS波群和T波,P波只在导联Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF中较明显,R′波明显存在于导联Ⅲ中。     

白暨豚正常心电图的初步探讨

1980年以来,我们测定了白鱀豚(Lipotes vexillifer)“淇淇”和“珍珍”的心电图,并与人和其他海豚的心电图作了比较,从而确定了白鱀豚心电图常规导联的联接方法,并比较完整地描述了白鱀豚正常心电图的特征。研究发现,白鱀豚的心电图各波、段和间期的正常范围基本与人的相近,但T波的特征与人不同,人的T波与同导联的主波方向一致,而白鱀豚的T波却正好相反。P—R间期明显比人的延长。本研究将为白鱀豚心血管疾病的诊断提供重要依据。     

清醒猫与乌拉坦麻醉猫的心电图比较

本文对清醒站位、乌拉坦麻醉站位和仰卧位的猫心电图参数做了统计比较。乌拉坦麻醉可使猫心电图各波和间期时间延长,心率减慢。对各波振幅和出现率亦有不同程度影响,以11导联 Q 波变化较明显。麻醉后的不同体位对各导联图型影响不很明显。     

正常家鸽的宽频带心电图时域值和功率谱

实验用南京新博公司生产的NHE-1000型宽频带心电信息检测分析仪,研究了正常家鸽宽频带心电图(WFB-ECG)的时域值和QRS波群的功率谱。主要结果如下:(1)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联,QRS波群均为主波向下,形成rS或 rSr’型,无Q波,与人类相应导联的心电图波形相反;S波的升支均有一较大的切迹(无一例外),Ⅱ导联切迹幅度为 0.413±0.133mV,宽度为9.733±1.291ms;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联T波直立,方向均与主波相反门(1例除外)。aVR导联,QRS波群主波向上,形成Rs型,T波倒置,与主波方向相反(无一例外),也与人类aVR导联的波形相反。(2)P波时程与P-R段之比值为0.8,而人的为1.0-1.6,小鼠的为0.4。(3)Ⅱ导联QRS波群的功率谱特点:以低频信号(低于80 HZ)为主,而高频频段的相对能量比小鼠的低,比人的高,其中高频频段100-1000 Hz的相对能量为(10.181±7.443)％,80-300HZ为(15.418±10.579)％。(4)QRS波群的额面心电轴为-118°±10°(-96°～-136°);(5)心电向量环的位置与人类的相反,位于-90°～-180°相限。这些现象的产生原因可能是由于家鸽心室 Purkinje纤维末梢延伸到心外膜下心肌,导致心外膜下心肌先除极化,心内膜下心肌后除极化而产生的。     

草原兔尾鼠心电图的分析

本文采用标准双极导联（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）、加压单极肢导联（ａＶＲ、ａＶＬ、ａＶＦ）和单极胸导联（Ｖａ、Ｖｂ、Ｖｃ）,对经１０％乌拉坦麻醉状态下的１１９只成体草原兔尾鼠进行心电图测定,同时对２０只昆明系小白鼠作为对照比较。结果表明,草原兔尾鼠的平均心率为５５８．５４±５４．５９次／ｍｉｎ,均为窦性心率,额面心电轴平均５９．６１±１２．６３度。ＰＤ－Ｒ、ＱＲＳ波、Ｑ－Ｔ、Ｐ波平均间期分别为３８．２９±６．４８、１２．７０±０．４６、２７．６２±７．３７、１２．３４±４．０９毫秒。Ｐ波和Ｔ波的方向与主波Ｒ波一致。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢａＶＬ、ａＶＦ和Ｖａ导联为正,在ａＶＲ导联均为负向。无典型的Ｓ－Ｔ段,ＱＲＳ波群与Ｔ波部分重叠,Ｑ－Ｔ间期较短。     

高胆红素血症新生大鼠脑干听觉诱发电位快慢成分的变化

目的：探讨高胆红素血症新生大鼠脑干听觉诱发电位快成分（FC-BAEP）和慢成分（SC-BAEP）及脑干神经元线粒体超微结构的异常变化。方法：生后7天SD大鼠随机分为对照组（C组,17只）和两个实验组（T1和T2组,各17只）。T1和T2组大鼠生后7天和10天腹腔注射2g/L胆红素溶液,第二次腹腔注射6h后随机抽出7只断头取血用微量胆红素仪检测血清胆红素,其余大鼠生后17天和20天用诱发电位仪检测FC-BAEP和SC-BAEP,生后20天灌注固定、取耳蜗核进行透射电镜观察。结果：T1和T2组大鼠于生后10天腹腔注射6h后,血清胆红素浓度明显升高;T1和T2组大鼠生后17天三种刺激重复率（10/s,40/s,80/s）引导的FC-BAEP,除Ⅱ-Ⅳ波峰间潜伏期（IPL）外,各波波峰潜伏期（PL）和IPL显著延长,且T2组大鼠各波PL较T1组显著延长;T1和T2组大鼠生后20天三种刺激重复率引导的FC-BAEP,除刺激重复率10/s和40/s引导的Ⅱ-ⅣIPL外,各波PL和IPL显著延长;T1和T2组大鼠生后17天与20天刺激重复率10/s引导的SC-BAEP的PL显著延长,且T2组大鼠生后17天SC-BAEP的PL较T1组显著延长;T1和T2组大鼠耳蜗核电镜观察可见神经元线粒体肿胀变形、膜模糊不清和嵴断裂等。结论：高胆红素血症新生大鼠FC-BAEP和SC-BAEP及脑干神经元线粒体超微结构有显著异常变化,FC-BAEP与SC-BAEP的PL和IPL是早期监测胆红素诱发的听觉和脑损伤的客观灵敏指标。     

几种脊椎动物宽频带心电图波形与心电向量环特点的比较

对小鼠、家鸽、蟾蜍、鲫鱼4种脊椎动物宽频带心电图Ⅱ导联的波形特点及QRS额面心电向量环的位置、形态特点进行了比较研究。结果发现,(1)宽频带心电图Ⅱ导联QRS波群小鼠、蟾蜍、鲫鱼QRS波群的主波均向上,而家鸽的主波向下;(2)QRS波群时程(ms)小鼠88±09,家鸽365±14,蟾蜍790±110,鲫鱼283±57;(3)QRS心电向量环的位置家鸽的位于-90°～-180°象限内,这是家鸽心电图Ⅱ导联QRS波群主波向下的根本原因;小鼠、蟾蜍、鲫鱼的均位于0°～90°象限内,与它们的QRS波群主波向上相一致;(4)QRS心电向量环的形状;小鼠的QRS向量环较其它3种动物的要大,蟾蜍的最小。鲫鱼的不规则,有的呈三角形,有的呈“8”字形,还有的呈半圆形,这是导致鲫鱼的QRS波群出现较多切迹和扭挫的原因。     

基于独立元分析和联合小波熵检测多导联ECG信号的QRS

QRS波群的准确定位是ECG信号自动分析的基础。为提高QRS检测率,提出一种基于独立元分析（ICA）和联合小波熵（CWS）检测多导联ECG信号QRS的算法。ICA算法从滤波后的多导联ECG信号中分离出对应心室活动的独立元;然后对各独立元进行连续小波变换（CWT）,重构小波系数的相空间,结合相空间中的QRS信息对独立元排序;最后检测排序后独立元的CWS得到QRS信息。实验对St.Petersburg12导联心率失常数据库及64导联犬心外膜数据库测试,比较本文算法与单导联QRS检测算法和双导联QRS检测算法的性能。结果表明,该文算法的性能最好,检测准确率分别为99.98%和100%。     

经颈静脉途径制备Beagle犬心脏记忆模型

目的经颈静脉途径应用心室起搏的方法制备心脏记忆犬模型。方法 8只普通级成年健康Beagle犬经腹腔麻醉后,Seldinger’s法穿刺颈外静脉成功后送入心内膜起搏电极,将电极头端固定于右室心尖部,近端连接于脉冲发生器。起搏频率设置较犬窦性心律时的基础心率快15%,保证起搏器连续起搏。结果连续起搏1周后所有动物均成功制备为心脏记忆模型。建模后犬的心率、呼吸、体重与建模前比较,无明显改变;所有模型组犬起搏前心电图均为窦性心律,起搏1周后出现心脏T波记忆,在下壁导联以及胸前导联均出现T波倒置,停止起搏后,心脏T波记忆逐渐消失;模型组犬与正常组犬心肌病理相比,无明显改变。结论经颈静脉途径应用心室起搏法建立心脏记忆犬模型的方法,具有手术简单,创伤小,诱发方式与临床相似等优点,为深入展开心脏记忆的机制研究奠定基础。     

幼狮心电图的测定和分析

本研究采用标准双极肢导联（Ｉ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）和加压单极肢导联（ａＶＲ,ａＶＬ,ａＶＦ）,对未经麻醉并处于清醒安静状态下的４只全同胞幼狮进行了心电图测定。结果表明,幼狮的平均心率为１５９±１次／ｍｉｎ,均为窦性心律,ＱＲＳ波平均心电轴为６８±１８°。Ｐ波,ＱＲＳ综合波及Ｔ波持续时间分别为０．０５５±０．００４ｓ,０．０６７±０．００６ｓ和０．０６９±０．０１２ｓ。Ｒ－Ｒ,Ｐ－Ｒ,Ｓ－Ｔ及Ｑ－Ｔ间期分别为０．３７８±０．００２ｓ,０．０８２±０．００６ｓ,０．０７８±０．００５８和０．２２５±０．０１７ｓ。Ｐ波的形态在Ｉ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和ａＶＦ导联中呈正向,而在ａＶＲ及ａＶＬ导联中呈负向;ＱＲＳ综合波的波形呈现一定的规律性,在Ｉ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ及ａＶＦ导联中主要表现为Ｒ型正向波,而在ａＶＲ,ａＶＬ导联中则表现为Ｑ或Ｓ型负向波;Ｓ－Ｔ段无出现移位现象;Ｔ波在ａＶＬ导联中,没有表现出明显的规律性,而在Ｉ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和ａＶＦ导联中,主要呈正向,在ａＶＲ和ａＶＬ导联中则往往呈负向．     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.