北京十渡水库浮游植物群落昼夜垂直分布特征

浮游植物的昼夜变化节律及垂直分布是影响水生生态系统初级生产力的重要因素,受浮游植物自生生理特点及环境影响因素的双重影响。为了解淡水生态系统浮游植物的昼夜垂直分布特征及环境影响因素,2015年4月下旬,选择北京十渡水库深水区和浅水区两个采样点,对其浮游植物群落和相关环境因子进行了一天中10:00、14:00、19:30和5:00四个时间点分层采样,并进行水样的理化检测和浮游植物样品的鉴定。结果表明:十渡水库的浮游植物垂直分布格局在深水区和浅水区有较大差异;总体上,浮游植物密度均为白天较高,且大多数种类白天有向上层集中的趋势;深水区,大多数环境因子分层格局较显著,浮游植物的垂直分布主要受温度、光照、溶解氧、氮、磷营养盐含量等因素影响,优势属微囊藻属符合蓝藻群体夜间向水表迁移的特点,可能受到光照的影响;多甲藻属大多分布于深水区水体底层,其垂直变化受控于温度、光照等因素,舟形藻属大多分布于深水区水体表层;浅水区,浮游植物垂直分布波动较大,大多数环境因子的分层不明显,脆杆藻属与TDS呈正相关,栅藻属主要受到溶解氧和水温的影响。     

保安湖水体细菌群落结构时空变化特征及驱动因子

为了探究保安湖水体细菌群落结构时空变化特征及驱动因子,研究于2019年春、夏、秋、冬四季采集保安湖水样,使用宏基因组测序技术对保安湖水体细菌群落的组成及多样性变化进行了研究。结果表明:(1)保安湖不同湖区细菌群落组成无显著差异(P>0.05);夏、秋季细菌丰富度、均匀度、香农及辛普森多样性指数均显著高于春、冬季(P<0.05),夏、秋季优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobactetiota)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria),而春、冬季变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobactetiota)占主导地位;(2)温度、透明度、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、叶绿素a及总磷等因素是保安湖水体细菌群落结构变化的重要驱动因子;(3)保安湖细菌群落构建过程在春、夏、秋季由随机性过程主导,在冬季由确定性过程主导;(4)保安湖细菌网络互作具有明显的季节特征,从春季到冬季,保安湖细菌种间相互作用逐渐紧密复杂。综上所述,保安湖水体细菌群落结构具有明显的季节变化特征,温度、透明度、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数等因素具有驱动水体细...     

洪潮江水库浮游细菌群落空间分布及其与环境因子的关系

【目的】为了解洪潮江水库浮游细菌群落组成、空间分布及其与环境因子的相互作用关系。【方法】基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,对洪潮江水库浮游细菌群落结构与多样性进行了分析,同步对水体的理化指标进行检测。【结果】洪潮江水库共注释浮游细菌28门79纲168目243科325属85种。优势门为变形菌门、放线菌门、蓝细菌门、疣微菌门、拟杆菌门、浮霉菌门,分别占比21.95%、21.30%、17.98%、12.27%、11.72%、9.51%。基于Bray-Curtis距离的PCoA分析表明,洪潮江水库9个采样点可以被分为3组,细菌群落呈现沿上下游梯度变化的趋势。perMANOVA检验显示,各组差异显著,但是各组的多样性指数没有显著性差异。Mantel分析表明,透明度、浊度、总磷、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、叶绿素a、pH、溶解氧、氧化还原电位、比电导、总溶解固体以及营养状态会显著影响浮游细菌群落结构。【结论】洪潮江水库浮游细菌空间分布特征是自然环境理化因子和农业活动综合作用的结果。研究结果对了解浮游细菌群落空间格局及其对人类活动的响应,以及水库管理具有科学参考价值。     

安徽省某酸性矿山废水坑湖中细菌群落的垂向分布特征及其影响因素

【目的】探究酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)坑湖中细菌群落沿垂向不同水深的分布规律及与环境因子之间的相互作用。【方法】采用16SrRNA基因高通量测序技术,对安徽省某AMD坑湖中6条采样垂线不同水深深度的细菌群落进行调查,同时测定水质理化指标,使用统计学软件分析细菌和地化参数间的联系。【结果】AMD坑湖中水质特征及细菌群落结构出现明显分层现象,自上而下溶解氧降低而pH和多种金属离子浓度增加,微生物群落结构发生变化,多样性和部分物种的丰度增大。细菌群落组成上,表层水域以Proteobacteria (Alpha、Gammaproteobacteria)和Acidobacteria占据主导地位;中下层水域则由Firmicutes、Acidobacteria、Actinobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria和Patescibacteria等共同主导。统计分析结果表明,TN、DO、ORP、pH、Fe、Mn、Al和Zn与嗜酸细菌丰度显著相关,是细菌空间分布的主要限制因素。【结论】AMD坑湖中水质理化特征和细菌群落分布在垂向空间上存在显著差异,群落的...     

亚热带分层水库固氮微生物时空分布格局

生物固氮作用是水生态系统氮元素的重要来源途径之一,通常通过固氮微生物实现。但是,目前人们对亚热带分层水库固氮微生物多样性、分布和丰度认识还非常有限。以厦门市汀溪水库为例,基于固氮基因(nifH)综合应用克隆文库、定量PCR、定量RT-PCR研究固氮微生物在不同季节和不同水层的时空分布格局与演替规律。结果表明,汀溪水库具有丰富多样的固氮微生物,包括蓝藻、α-变形菌、β-变形菌、γ-变形菌、厚壁菌,以及少量未知的固氮细菌和序列;固氮微生物的群落组成、丰度、多样性和活性均呈现显著的时空差异。春、夏和秋3季表层和底层蓝藻nifH基因序列所占比例均超过50%,其中表层高于底层;冬季表层和底层蓝藻OTU数目比例超过50%。聚类分析表明,冬季表层和底层群落汇聚为一类;春、夏和秋三个季节表层首先聚为一类,然后与底层分别汇为一支。汀溪水库热分层时期的固氮微生物群落组成的空间差异大于季节差异,而且表层水体蓝藻在所有固氮微生物中占据绝对优势地位。相关分析表明,固氮微生物RNA丰度和RNA/DNA分别与氨氮、水温显著负相关;固氮微生物DNA丰度与溶解氧、pH、叶绿素a显著负相关,与硝氮显著正相关。综上所述,亚热带水库热分层对固氮微生物的群落结构具有显著的影响,在水库环境保护和生态管理中,特别是蓝藻水华防控时,要充分考虑水体热分层的生态效应。     

黄河入海口水体细菌群落多样性及分布特征

黄河入海口地处黄河、渤海湾与莱州湾交汇处,地理位置独特,微生物资源丰富,但关于该地区水体细菌群落的研究非常有限。以环境独特的黄河口为切入点,运用16S r DNA克隆文库法,旨在研究黄河口水体细菌群落多样性及分布特征。结果显示,从4个不同样点共得到11个门、18个纲、39个科、53个属的细菌。优势类群为变形菌门(α-、β-和γ-变形菌纲)、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和蓝细菌门。功能注释显示黄河口水体细菌主要参与碳、氮、硫等元素循环。基于物种组成或群落功能的聚类分析均可根据采样点聚为明显的两个分支——A、B和C、D。斯皮尔曼相关性分析(Spearman correlation analysis)及冗余分析(Redundancy analysis)表明环境因子(溶解氧、盐度及氮营养盐)对水体细菌群落结构及功能有显著影响。研究表明,黄河入海口水体细菌群落结构受黄河及环境因子影响呈现出不同的空间分布特征。本研究期望为初步掌握黄河河口及其邻近海域水体细菌多样性状况提供一定的参考,对进一步改善该区域河流和海洋环境提供数据支持,以及有助于该区域微生物资源的开发及水体生态系统的保护。     

东祁连山退化高寒草地土壤细菌群落与土壤环境因子间的相互关系

为探究东祁连山不同退化高寒草地细菌群落分布特征与土壤环境因子间的相互关系,采用高通量测序技术对轻度、中度和重度退化草地的土壤细菌群落结构变化及其多样性进行分析,运用CANOCO 4.5软件对土壤细菌群落与土壤环境因子间关系进行冗余分析(RDA).结果表明:不同退化高寒草地土壤理化性质间均差异显著,高通量测序共得到257125条有效序列,180826条优质序列,4790个OTUs.细菌群落Chao1指数依次为轻度>中度>重度;Shannon指数依次为轻度>重度>中度.系统发育分析表明,各样地土壤细菌类群分属于33个门,其中放线菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门是3种不同退化草地土壤中的优势类群.对不同退化草地土壤细菌各门所占比例分析发现,放线菌门、酸杆菌门和变形菌门随着退化程度加剧先减少后增加,厚壁菌门反之.RDA分析结果显示,细菌优势类群与蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和磷酸酶呈极显著相关,与pH、电导率、速效氮、速效钾呈显著相关.说明东祁连山不同退化高寒草地土壤细菌群落间差异明显,土壤环境因子是影响土壤细菌群落分布的重要因素.     

不同季节使用微生态制剂后养殖海水细菌群落特征

细菌是维持养殖水体稳定的重要类群,可以反映出水质情况,微生态制剂作为一种可以去除有害物质的生物方法,目前被广泛应用。了解微生态制剂在投入养殖海水后细菌群落结构和多样性变化,探讨不同季节的水质环境因子对细菌群落的影响。通过高通量测序技术对细菌16S rRNA V3、V4区进行扩增,分析冬、春、夏3个季节下使用完商品型菌剂后,养殖海水中细菌群落分布规律及其多样性,采用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨不同季节的水质指标与细菌群落之间的关系。养殖海水中细菌多样性丰富,3个季节主要的优势菌门为变形菌门和拟杆菌门,其中Tenacibaculum(38.28%),卓贝尔氏菌属(Zobellella,30.78%)、盐单胞菌属(Halomonas,13.55%)为冬季优势属;Glycocaulis(34.00%)、盐单胞菌属(11.36%)、Planktosalinus(9.67%)为春季优势属;Pseudofulvimonas(28.94%)、Zobellella(17.51%)、Planktosalinus(15.86%)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter,12.30%)为夏季优势属,不同时期细菌属水平发生显著变化。RDA分析表明,不同时期水质环境因子对细菌群落影响不同,温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧与3个季节中10个优势属的丰度有显著相关性,冬季和春季优势属主要与盐度和溶解氧呈正相关,夏季优势属主要与温度和p H呈显著正相关。微生态制剂在净化养殖水体方面有很大优势,其在不同季节中应用虽细菌群落结构和多样性产生一定变化,但整体都发挥出各自的调控能力,该研究为以后养殖海水治理和微生态制剂应用提供新的思路。     

三峡水库神农溪库湾水体季节性分层特性

三峡水库蓄水后,较大程度改变了支流库湾原有河流生态环境。本研究对神农溪库湾2016年水温、溶解氧、叶绿素等指标垂直分层结构和季节演替规律进行分析。结果表明:神农溪库湾表层水温全年变化在10.6～32.4℃,库湾水体水温层化结构受水动力条件影响较大;春季受干流表层倒灌异重流影响水温呈"阶梯"型分布,夏季受干流中层倒灌异重流影响水温呈"双混斜"型分布,秋冬季受底层倒灌异重流影响水温呈"半U"型分布;水温分层结构对溶解氧和叶绿素垂直剖面变化有一定的影响,春夏季节水体溶解氧出现显著的分层现象,春季溶解氧分布受叶绿素a影响显著,夏季受水温影响显著。本研究将为分析三峡水库支流神农溪库湾生境条件变化提供数据支撑,为库区水环境管理与水资源利用提供科学依据。     

异育银鲫养殖环境典型病原微生物检测和细菌群落解析

【背景】水产养殖病害是限制淡水渔业发展的一个重要因素,养殖环境的微生物状况与鱼类健康紧密相关,已引起人们广泛关注。【目的】阐明养殖水体和沉积物中病原微生物丰度和细菌群落多样性变化特征。【方法】利用荧光定量PCR方法和末端限制性片段长度多态性(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)技术,对异育银鲫养殖环境水体和沉积物中的典型病原微生物进行定量检测,以及细菌群落多样性分析。【结果】养殖过程中病原菌丰度呈现不同的变化趋势,嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、温和气单胞菌(A. sobria)和维氏气单胞菌(A. veronii)与鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型丰度变化呈显著正相关。水体中病原菌丰度受pH、温度和溶解氧等环境因子的影响显著。T-RFLP分析表明沉积物样品较水体样品细菌群落组成复杂,并且沉积物细菌群落动态变化幅度高于水体。水体和沉积物中细菌T-RFs数量范围分别在11-29和20-32之间,Shannon-wiener指数在1.44-2.87和2.44-3.25之间。【结论】养殖水体中的病原菌丰度高于沉积物,而沉积物细菌群落丰富度和多样性高于水体。病原菌丰度和细菌群落结构变化与环境因子密切相关,明确养殖池塘环境中病原微生物的生态分布和丰度变化,将为指导养殖过程中病原性疾病发生早期预警提供理论依据。     

大伙房水库细菌群落结构及其环境驱动因子研究

为了解大伙房水库生态功能特性和有效改善其水环境质量,2015年5月至2016年4月,在大伙房水库布点采集水样,应用高通量测序技术结合典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)方法,在为期1年的时间内,研究了该水库4个季节细菌的群落结构及其多样性差异与水体环境因子之间的变化关系。结果表明,全年大伙房水库细菌群落Shannon-Wiener指数平均达7.312,存在季节分布差异,秋季指数最高,冬季指数最低,序列比对中,发现64个样本中的细菌种类覆盖54门、135纲、220目、279科、412属。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌门,优势菌属为Fluviicola、聚球藻属(Synechococcus)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas),不同季节的大伙房水库水体中微生物群落结构变化较大。CCA分析结果表明,溶氧(DO)、pH、温度(T)、总磷(TP)是影响细菌群落结构及其分布的主要环境驱动因子。     

Targeted deep sequencing reveals high diversity and variable dominance of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes

Cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes are severe environmental problems worldwide. To characterize the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of cyanobacterial blooms, a high-throughput method is necessary for the specific detection of cyanobacteria. In this study, the cyanobacterial composition of three eutrophic waters in China (Taihu Lake, Dongqian Lake, and Dongzhen Reservoir) was determined by pyrosequencing the cpcBA intergenic spacer (cpcBA-IGS) of cyanobacteria. A total of 2585 OTUs were obtained from the normalized cpcBA-IGS sequence dataset at a distance of 0.05. The 238 most abundant OTUs contained 92% of the total sequences and were classified into six cyanobacterial groups. The water samples of Taihu Lake were dominated by Microcystis, mixed Nostocales species, Synechococcus, and unclassified cyanobacteria. Besides, all the samples from Taihu Lake were clustered together in the dendrogram based on shared abundant OTUs. The cyanobacterial diversity in Dongqian Lake was dramatically decreased after sediment dredging and Synechococcus became exclusively dominant in this lake. The genus Synechococcus was also dominant in the surface water of Dongzhen Reservoir, while phylogenetically diverse cyanobacteria coexisted at a depth of 10 m in this reservoir. In summary, targeted deep sequencing based on cpcBA-IGS revealed a large diversity of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes and spatiotemporal changes in the composition of cyanobacterial communities. The genus Microcystis was the most abundant bloom-forming cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes, while Synechococcus could be exclusively dominant under appropriate environmental conditions.     

Sediment Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Diversity in an Oligotrophic Drinking Water Reservoir,Eastern China

Drinking water reservoir plays a vital role in the security of urban water supply, yet little is known about microbial community diversity harbored in the sediment of this oligotrophic freshwater environmental ecosystem. In the present study, integrating community level physiological profiles (CLPPs), nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone sequence technologies, we examined the sediment urease and protease activities, bacterial community functional diversity, genetic diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in sediments from six sampling sites of Zhou cun drinking water reservoir, eastern China. The results showed that sediment urease activity was markedly distinct along the sites, ranged from 2.48 to 11.81 mg NH₃-N/(g·24h). The highest average well color development (AWCD) was found in site C, indicating the highest metabolic activity of heterotrophic bacterial community. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed tremendous differences in the functional (metabolic) diversity patterns of the sediment bacterial communities from different sites. Meanwhile, DGGE fingerprints also indicated spatial changes of genetic diversity of sediment bacterial and fungal communities. The sequence BLAST analysis of all the sediment samples found that Comamonas sp. was the dominant bacterial species harbored in site A. Alternaria alternate, Allomyces macrogynus and Rhizophydium sp. were most commonly detected fungal species in sediments of the Zhou cun drinking water reservoir. The results from this work provide new insights about the heterogeneity of sediment microbial community metabolic activity and genetic diversity in the oligotrophic drinking water reservoir.     

Microbial diversity and composition of the sediment in the drinking water reservoir Saidenbach (Saxonia, Germany)

Sediments contain a huge number and diversity of microorganisms that are important for the flux of material and are pivotal to all major biogeochemical cycles. Sediments of reservoirs are affected by a wide spectrum of allochthous and autochthonous influences providing versatile environments along the flow of water within the reservoir. Here we report on the microbial diversity in sediments of the mesotrophic drinking water reservoir Saidenbach, Germany, featuring a pronounced longitudinal gradient in sediment composition in the reservoir system. Three sampling sites were selected along the gradient, and the microbial communities in two sediment depths were characterized using catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) and a bar-coded pyrosequencing approach. Multivariate statistic was used to reveal relationships between sequence diversity and the environmental conditions. The microbial communities were tremendously diverse with a Shannon index of diversity (H') ranging from 6.7 to 7.1. 18,986 sequences could be classified into 37 phyla including candidate divisions, but the full extent of genetic diversity was not captured. While CARD-FISH gave an overview about the community composition, more detailed information was gained by pyrosequencing. Bacteria were more abundant than Archaea. The dominating phylum in all samples was Proteobacteria, especially Betaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. Furthermore, sequences of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Chlorobi, Nitrospira, Spirochaetes, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were found. The site ammonium concentration, water content and organic matter content revealed to be strongest environmental predictors explaining the observed significant differences in the community composition between sampling sites.     

Succession of bacterial community composition over two consecutive years in two aquatic systems: a natural lake and a lake-reservoir

The succession in bacterial community composition was studied over two years in the epilimnion and hypolimnion of two freshwater systems: a natural lake (Pavin Lake) and a lake-reservoir (Sep Reservoir). The bacterial community composition was determined by cloning-sequencing of 16S rRNA and by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Despite large hydrogeological differences, in the Sep Reservoir and Pavin Lake the dominant bacteria were from the same taxonomic divisions, particularly Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. In both ecosystems, these major bacterial divisions showed temporal fluctuations that were much less marked than those occurring at a finer phylogenetic scale. Nutrient availability and mortality factors, the nature of which differed from one lake to another, covaried with the temporal variations in the bacterial community composition at all sampling depths, whereas factors related to seasonal forces (temperature and outflow for Sep Reservoir) seemed to account only for the variation of the hypolimnion bacterial community composition. No seasonal reproducibility in temporal evolution of bacterial community from one year to the next was observed.     

Response of bacterial communities to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Lake Taihu,China

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are prevalent around the world, influencing aquatic organisms and altering the physico-chemical properties in freshwater systems. However, the response of bacterial communities to toxic cyanobacterial blooms and associated microcystins (MC) remain poorly understood even though global concentrations of MC have increased dramatically in the past few decades. To address this issue, the dynamics of bacterial community composition (BCC) in the water column and how BCC is influenced by both harmful cyanobacterial blooms and environmental factors were investigated on a monthly basis from August 2013 to July 2014 in Lake Taihu, China. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that seasonal variation in BCC was significant, and that the succession of BCC greatly depends on changes in environmental conditions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the overall variation of BCC was explained mainly by dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), and Microcystis. The alpha biodiversity of the bacterial community was different among months with the highest diversity in February and the lowest diversity in October. Furthermore, significant negative relationships were found between alpha biodiversity indices and Microcystis abundance as well as with intracellular MC concentrations, indicating that Microcystis and associated MC may influence the bacterial community structure by reducing its biodiversity. This study shows that potential associations exist between toxic cyanobacterial blooms and bacterial communities but more investigations are needed to obtain a mechanistic understanding of their complex relationships.     

三峡正常蓄水后长江口叶绿素a和溶解氧变化及其成因

根据2010年8月、10月和2011年5月的现场监测数据,对长江口水域在三峡水库175m试验蓄水实施后一个水文年中叶绿素a和溶解氧(DO)的分布特征及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明,叶绿素a平面分布夏季有两个高值中心,春季有一个高值中心;在口门北缘夏季表层叶绿素浓度值最高。垂向上,夏季叶绿素a浓度表层和底层高;春季和秋季叶绿素a浓度中层高。夏季表层和底层DO浓度相差较大,秋季和春季表、底层DO浓度分布比较均匀;整体上秋季和春季的DO浓度高于夏季。工程蓄水后DO低值区和叶绿素a峰值区向口门内位移,对生态系统结构将产生影响。     

Remediation of Urban River Water by Pontederia Cordata Combined with Artificial Aeration: Organic Matter and Nutrients Removal and Root-Adhered Bacterial Communities

Macrophyte combined with artificial aeration is a promising in situ remediation approach for urban rivers polluted with nutrients and organic matter. However, seasonal variations and aeration effects on phytoremediation performance and root-adhered microbial communities are still unclear. In this study, Pontederia cordata was used to treat polluted urban river water under various aeration intensities. Results showed that the highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) and total nitrogen (TN) were attained under aeration of 30 L min^?1 in spring and summer and 15 L min^?1 in autumn, while total phosphorus (TP) removal reached maximum with aeration of 15 L min^?1 in all seasons. Moderate aeration was beneficial for increasing the diversity of root-adhered bacteria communities, and the shift of bacterial community structure was more pronounced in spring and autumn with varying aeration intensity. The dual effect, i.e. turbulence and dissolved oxygen (DO), of aeration on the removal of COD_Cr and TN prevailed over the individual effect of DO, while DO was the most influential factor for TP removal and the root-adhered bacterial community diversity. P. cordata combined with 15 L min^?1 aeration was deemed to be the best condition tested in this study.