作物的三种种质资源

根据植物有性杂交中基因可否从一种植物转移到另一种植物,将作物的种质资源分为三种,即可转移性资源、不可转移性资源和障碍性转移资源。这三种资源在所有的作物种类中都存在。但随生物科学的发展,不可转移性资源会减少,可转移性资源和障碍性转移资源会增加。     

作物的三种种质资源

根据植物有性杂交中基因可否从一种植物转移到另一种植物,将作物的种质资源分为三种,即可转移性资源、不可转移性资源和障碍性转移资源。这三种资源在所有的作物种类中都存在。但随生物科学的发展,不可转移性资源会减少,可转移性资源和障碍性转移资源会增加。     

太湖流域涉禽资源及保护

本文报道了太湖流域常见的涉禽种类及资源情况,在分析其资源保护及利用现状的基础上,提出了资源保护及利用建议。     

微生物资源在解决人类资源危机中的作用

随着社会的发展 ,人口的不断增长 ,人类面临着资源危机包括粮食危机、能源危机及环境污染所造成的环境资源的破坏。人类要解决资源紧缺这一严重问题 ,其必然趋势是从利用有限的非生物资源的时代过渡到利用无限的生物资源时代。在生物资源中 ,微生物资源所具有的独特的生理代谢优势 ,在解决人类面临的各种资源危机中将发挥着不可替代的作用     

三尖杉的资源利用与开发

本文概述三尖杉的资源现状,药用价值及资源利用,并对资源的开发前景作一些探讨。     

贵州野生茶树种质资源生化多样性分析

为了发掘茶树新的种质资源,对贵州省25个县(市)境内53份树龄约100年以上的野生茶树资源的主要生化成分进行了测定评价和遗传多样性分析。结果表明53份野生茶树资源的生化成分变异幅度大,存在丰富的多样性。53份资源的氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱含量及酚氨比平均变异系数为27.55%,遗传多样性指数(H’)变幅为1.88~2.08、均值为2.00。53份资源中的28份资源儿茶素组分的平均变异系数和平均遗传多样性指数分别为37.10%、1.82。有13份资源的酚氨比小于8,28份资源的酚氨比在8~15之间,12份资源的酚氨比大于15。聚类分析发现,当欧氏距离为17时,53份资源聚类可分为3大类复合组,无独立组存在。并从中初步筛选出高茶多酚资源5份、潜在优良种质资源1份及其他特殊资源20份。     

资源竞争策略：民营医院发展策略初探

为解决民营医院发展中遇到的困境,本文从基于资源观的竞争力理论入手,在分析民营医院所处内外环境中的有利与不利因素的基础上,阐述了民营医院资源竞争力的内涵。作者建议民营医院一般发展策略包括优化现有资源运营与配置能力、强化资源整合能力,核心策略是培育创新资源的创新能力,通过这三种竞争力的强化以促进民营医院获取竞争优势,实现可持续发展。     

资源竞争策略：民营医院发展策略初探

为解决民营医院发展中遇到的困境,本文从基于资源观的竞争力理论入手,在分析民营医院所处内外环境中的有利与不利因素的基础上,阐述了民营医院资源竞争力的内涵.作者建议民营医院一般发展策略包括优化现有资源运营与配置能力、强化资源整合能力,核心策略是培育创新资源的创新能力,通过这三种竞争力的强化以促进民营医院获取竞争优势,实现可持续发展.     

资源冷杉现状及保护措施研究

对资源冷杉的分布现状进行研究,揭示了目前资源冷杉的生存环境、资源数量、生长与自然更新能力,指出了实现有效保护所要面对的问题和应采取的措施。     

微生物资源研究值得重视*

对微生物资源的重要性,特点,未知微生物资源,极端环境微生物资源,微生物基因资源,微生物资源开发利用的几项新技术做了简要介绍。     

Managing water resources for crop production

Increasing crop production to meet the food requirements of the world''s growing population will put great pressure on global water resources. Given that the vast freshwater resources that are available in the world are far from fully exploited, globally there should be sufficient water for future agricultural requirements. However, there are large areas where low water supply and high human demand may lead to regional shortages of water for future food production. In these arid and semi-arid areas, where water is a major constraint on production, improving water resource management is crucial if Malthusian disasters are to be avoided. There is considerable scope for improvement, since in both dryland and irrigated agriculture only about one-third of the available water (as rainfall, surface, or groundwater) is used to grow useful plants. This paper illustrates a range of techniques that could lead to increased crop production by improving agricultural water use efficiency. This may be achieved by increasing the total amount of water available to plants or by increasing the efficiency with which that water is used to produce biomass. Although the crash from the Malthusian precipice may ultimately be inevitable if population growth is not addressed, the time taken to reach the edge of the precipice could be lengthened by more efficient use of existing water resources. <br>     

Population momentum and the demand on land and water resources

Future world population growth is fuelled by two components: the demographic momentum, which is built into the age composition of current populations, and changes in reproductive behaviour and mortality of generations yet to come. This paper investigates, by major world regions and countries, what we know about population growth, what can be projected with reasonable certainty, and what is pure speculation. The exposition sets a frame for analysing demographic driving forces that are expected to increase human demand and pressures on land and water resources. These have been contrasted with current resource assessments of regional availability and use of land, in particular with estimates of remaining land with cultivation potential. In establishing a balance between availabilty of land resources and projected needs, the paper distinguishes regions with limited land and water resources and high population pressure from areas with abundant resources and low or moderate demographic demand. Overall, it is estimated that two-thirds of the remaining balance of land with rainfed cultivation potential is currently covered by various forest ecosystems and wetlands. The respective percentages by region vary between 23% in Southern Africa to 89% in South-Eastern Asia. For Latin America and Asia the estimated share of the balance of land with cultivation potential under forest and wetland ecosystems is about 70%, in Africa this is about 60%. If these were to be preserved, the remaining balance of land with some potential for rainfed crop cultivation would amount to some 550 million hectares. The regions which will experience the largest difficulties in meeting future demand for land resources and water, or alternatively have to cope with much increased dependency on external supplies, include foremost Western Asia, South-Central Asia, and Northern Africa. A large stress on resources is to be expected also in many countries of Eastern, Western and Southern Africa <br>     

Potential and attainable food production and food security in different regions

Growing prosperity in the South is accompanied by human diets that will claim more natural resources per capita. This reality, combined with growing populations, may raise the global demand for food crops two- to four-fold within two generations. Considering the large volume of natural resources and potential crop yields, it seems that this demand can be met smoothly. However, this is a fallacy for the following reasons. (i) Geographic regions differ widely in their potential food security: policy choices for agricultural use of natural resources are limited in Asia. For example, to ensure national self-sufficiency and food security, most of the suitable land (China) and nearly all of the surface water (India) are needed. Degradation restricts options further. (ii) The attainable level of agricultural production depends also on socio-economic conditions. Extensive poverty keeps the attainable food production too low to achieve food security, even when the yield gap is wide, as in Africa. (iii) Bio-energy, non-food crops and nature compete with food crops for natural resources. Global and regional food security are attainable, but only with major efforts. Strategies to achieve alternative aims will be discussed. <br>     

河南大别山药用大型真菌资源研究

在调查、收集、整理的基础上,初步筛选出河南大别山药用大型真菌162种（含变种）,隶属于35科76属。其中具有抗癌及实验抗癌作用的真菌有53种,可用于呼吸系统疾病治疗的有10种,用于消化系统的有25种,用于神经系统的有6种,用于妇科的有4种,用于泌尿及内分泌系统的有4种,用于伤骨科的有54种,用于其他用途的有6种。还就河南大别山药用大型真菌的保护与利用提出了建议。     

枳实及其药用有效成分研究

对国产枳实的种类、药用有效成分的含量和资源状况进行了分析和讨论.     

Introduction and conclusions for a Discussion entitled Land resources: on the edge of the Malthusian precipice?

Introduction and conclusions for a Discussion hosted by the Ciba Foundation and entitled Land resources: on the edge of the Malthusian precipice? Discussion held on the 4th and 5th December 1996, and organized and edited by D. J. Greenland, P. J. Gregory and P. H. Nye. <br>     

云南省新平县农业生物资源调查与分析

对云南省新平县3个乡镇的11个村进行了重点调查,实地走访了15个村小组,访问了90户农户,共收集到与彝族、傣族、哈尼族、拉祜族生产、生活密切相关的特优、特有、特用农业生物资源164份。分析了当地农业生物资源现状和消长情况及原因和调查、收集到的资源种类及其利用价值,并针对该地区的农业生物资源的特性,提出了利用、保护和开发建议。     

三峡库区72份玉米地方品种产量性状的评价

从三峡库区征集72份玉米地方品种分别同改良Reid和改良Lancaster血缘自交系进行测配,采用灰色关联度分析法对这些地方品种产量及其构成性状进行了综合评价.结果表明这些玉米地方品种中具潜在利用价值的有16份,其中与改良Reid测验系测交表现出强优势的地方品种有6份,与改良Lancaster测验系测交表现出强优势的品种亦有6份,与两个测验系测交均表现出较强杂种优势的地方品种有4份.