氨氮和亚硝酸盐对红螯螯虾幼虾和亚成虾的急性毒力

【目的】近年来,红螯螯虾养殖面积越来越广泛,明确不同规格的红螯螯虾对氨氮和亚硝酸盐的耐受力,有利于提高其养成率,促进其养殖业的健康发展。【方法】在水温24~25℃、p H 7.9~8.0的条件下,研究了氨氮和亚硝酸盐对红螯螯虾幼虾和亚成虾的急性毒性,分析半致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度(SC)。【结果】总氨氮对红螯螯虾幼虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为188.0、136.15、104.67和88.00 mg·L~(-1),SC为8.80 mg·L~(-1);总氨氮对亚成虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为344.01、270.46、205.15和167.68 mg·L~(-1),SC为16.77 mg·L~(-1);非离子氨对幼虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为10.16、7.35、5.65和4.75 mg·L~(-1),SC为0.48 mg·L~(-1);非离子氨对亚成虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为18.58、14.60、11.08和9.05 mg·L~(-1),SC为0.91 mg·L~(-1);亚硝酸盐对幼虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为46.76、33.88、27.97和22.81 mg·L~(-1),SC为2.28 mg·L~(-1);亚硝酸盐对亚成虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为77.56、59.33、45.41和37.48 mg·L~(-1),SC为3.75 mg·L~(-1)。【结论】红螯螯虾对氨氮的耐受力高于亚硝酸盐,亚成虾对氨氮和亚硝酸盐的耐受力高于幼虾。     

1,8-二羟基蒽醌对大型溞的毒性效应

The study on the acute,sublethal and chronic toxicity of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,8-dihAQ) to Daphnia magna showed that the 48 h LC₅₀ was 0.37 mg稬^-1,and the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna was severely affected by the compound.When exposed to 0.2 mg稬^-1 of 1,8-dihAQ for 5 h,the filtration and ingestion rate of Daphnia magna was inhibited by 97%.Chronic toxicity test results indicated that the reproduction ability decreased dramatically after exposing to sublethal concentration of 1,8-dihAQ.It could be inferred that reproduction parameters and intrinsic rate of natural increase were the sensitive parameters in characterizing sublethal toxicity.The NOEC and LOEC values for reproduction parameters were also given.     

Joint effects of acetochlor and urea on germinating characteristics of crop seeds

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in common use, joint toxic effects of acetochlor and urea on germinating characteristics of Chinese cabbage (Brassica Pe-kinensis Rupr) seeds were investigated using the water-culture method and the soil-culture method. The results indicated(that excessive application of acetochlor and urea, when the concentrations were higher than 31.3 mg ·kg-1 for acetochlor and 500 mg ·kg-1 for urea, had strong inhibitory effects on the rate of seed germination, root elongation and hypocotyl length of Chinese cabbage. The inhibitory rate of the germinating characteristics of Chinese cabbage seeds was significantly increased with an increase in the concentration of acetochlor or urea. The two agrochemicals in water had a stronger toxicity than these in the soil at the same concentration. Among the three indexes, hypocotyl length was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor and urea.     

不同氮素水平下CO_2倍增对转Bt棉花氮素代谢的影响

通过开顶式CO_2气室研究了盛蕾期转Bt棉花新棉33~B及其对照亲本DP5415的生长势和氮素代谢特征对土壤氮素水平(100和200 mg N·kg~(-1))和CO_2浓度倍增(750和375μl·L~(-1))的生理生态响应.结果表明:CO_2浓度升高可显著提高2种棉花的株高和茎粗,增加生物产量;氮素水平提高可显著增加转Bt棉花的株高、茎粗,以及茎和蕾的鲜质量,而对亲本棉花DP5415的影响不显著;对照棉花DP5415的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活力随大气CO_2浓度的升高而显著降低,随氮素营养的提高而升高,转Bt棉花新棉33~B在低氮条件下,GS活力随大气CO_2浓度的升高而显著增加;大气CO_2浓度升高及氮素营养的增加使盛蕾期转Bt棉花的硝酸还原酶(NR)活力显著增加,DP5415的NR活力也随大气CO_2浓度的升高而显著提高;大气CO_2浓度对2种棉花的亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活力都有明显的抑制作用,其中,高CO_2浓度条件下,DP5415的NiR活力还随氮素营养的增加而显著下降.可见,大气CO_2浓度升高下,土壤氮素水平变化对转Bt棉花的生长势影响显著,但对其氮素代谢生理的影响较对照亲本棉花小.生产中(尤其是高浓度CO_2环境下),应进一步加强转Bt棉花的氮肥优化管理.

Abstract：

By using open-top chambers, this paper studied the physiological and ecological re-sponses of transgenic Bt cotton cv. 33~B and its parent line non-transgenic cotton cv. DP5415 in their growth potential and nitrogen metabolism to doubled CO_2 concentration (750 μl·L~(-1) vs.375 μl·L~(-1)) and nitrogen fertilization level (200 mg N·kg~(-1)vs. 100 mg N·kg~(-1)). Doubled CO_2 concentration promoted the height-and stem growth and the biomass production of the two eultivars significantly, whereas doubled N fertilization level only had significant positive effects on 33~B. The leaf glutamine synthetase activity (GSA) of DP5415 decreased significantly under doubled CO_2 concentration but increased significantly under doubled N fertilization level, while the GSA of 33~B was significantly higher under doubled CO_2 concentration and low nitrogen fertili-zation level. Both the doubled CO_2 concentration and the doubled nitrogen fertilization level in-creased the leaf nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of 33~B significantly, and the NRA of DP5415 also had a significant increase under doubled CO_2 concentration. Doubled CO_2 concentration had significant inhibitory effects on the leaf nitrite reductase activity (NiRA) of both 33~B and DP5415. The NiRA of DP5415 decreased significantly under doubled CO_2 concentration and N fertilization level. All the results suggested that under doubled CO_2 concentration, N fertilization level had significant effects on the growth potential of transgenic Bt cotton but lesser effects on its nitrogen metabolism, compared with the control non-transgenic cotton. Therefore, in the planting of transgenic Bt cotton, especially,under elevated CO_2 condition, optimized N fertilization should be made.     

己二酸二异丁酯对辣椒种子萌发及枯萎菌的化感效应

采用模拟的方式,利用生物测定和室内培养的方法,研究了不同浓度的己二酸二异丁酯对辣椒种子萌发、幼苗生长及辣椒枯萎菌的化感效应.结果表明:己二酸二异丁酯对辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长具有低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的化感效应;己二酸二异丁酯对辣椒和茄子种子的化感效应存在较大差异,在低浓度时对辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的促进作用强于茄子种子,而高浓度时对辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制强度弱于茄子种子;各浓度己二酸二异丁酯对辣椒枯萎菌菌丝生长有极显著的抑制作用,且作用强度随着浓度增加而增强,当浓度为1 mnol·L~(-1)时抑制作用最强,抑制率为10.75%;在田间抗病性调查期间内各浓度处理均提高了辣椒幼苗的抗病性,其中以1 mmol·L~(-1)处理抗病性最好,病情指数比对照降低了49.88%.

Abstract：

By the methods of laboratory incubation and bioassay, a simulation test was conducted to study the allelopathic effects of different concentration diisobutyl adipate on pepper seed germi-nation and its seedling growth and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. For the pepper seed germination and seedling growth, diisobutyl adipate exhibited allelopathic promotion at low con-centration, but allelopathic inhibition at high concentration. There existed greater differences in the allelopathic effects of diisobutyl adipate on the seed germination and seedling growth of pepper and eggplant. The promotion effects of low concentration diisobutyl adipate on pepper were stron-ger than those on eggplant, while the inhibition effects of high concentration diisobutyl adipate on pepper were weaker than those on eggplant. All test concentration diisobutyl adipate had signifi-cant inhibition effects on the mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, and the effects increased with increasing diisobutyl adipate concentration, being the strongest (an inhibi-tory rate of 10. 75%) at 1 mnol·L~(-1). Field text indicated that diisobutyl adipate at all test con-centrations enhanced the disease resistance of pepper seedlings. The best effect was observed at 1 mmol·L~(-1) of diisobutyl adipate, with the disease index decreased by 49.88%, compared to the control.     

镍对高冰草幼苗生长及活性氧代谢的影响

本文对镍处理下高冰草幼苗生长,茎部和根部丙二醛(MDA)含量,可溶性蛋白含量,超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及叶片光合色素含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明,低浓度镍(10 μmol·L~(-1))对高冰草幼苗生长无显著抑制效应,但随镍浓度增加各项生长指标显著减少,且镍对高冰草幼苗根部损伤更为显著.光合色素含量随镍浓度升高呈减少趋势.高冰草茎部和根部MDA含量与镍浓度呈显著正相关关系.根部可溶性蛋白含量随镍浓度升高呈增加趋势.低浓度镍处理(10 μmol·L~(-1))下,SOD、POD和CAT活性均有所提高,保护酶系统处于正常状态,但随镍浓度升高,3种保护酶活性受到不同程度抑制,保护酶系统平衡被破坏.

Abstract：

Agropyron elongatum seedlings were exposed to different concentration Ni to study their growth and the changes in MDA and soluble protein contents and SOD, POD and CAT ac-tivities in their shoots and roots, and the photosynthetic pigment content in their leaves. Low con-centration (10 μmol·L~(-1)) Ni had no significant inhibitory effects on the seedlings growth, but the growth indices decreased significantly with increasing Ni concentration, being more markedly for roots than for shoots. The leaf photosynthetic pigment content had a decreasing trend with in-creasing Ni concentration, while the MDA content in shoots and roots had significant positive cor-relation with Ni concentration. The soluble protein content in roots increased with increasing Ni concentration. Under low concentration (10μmol·L~(-1)) Ni, the SOD, POD and CAT activities all increased, and the protective enzyme system was well-balanced. When the Ni concentration was increasing, the three enzyme activities were inhibited to different extents, and the balance of protective enzyme system was broken.     

溶解氧对线纹海马幼鱼氨氮耐受性的影响及氨氮胁迫下鳃、肝脏组织结构的变化

为了解氨氮对线纹海马(Hippocampus erectus)幼鱼的毒理影响,本实验探讨了在正常溶解氧(4.32~5.12 mg·L-1)和高溶解氧(8.22~9.46 mg·L-1)条件下,线纹海马幼鱼的氨氮半致死浓度,以及6、9、12 mg·L-1的氨氮溶液胁迫下线纹海马幼鱼的鳃、肝脏组织结构的变化。结果表明:正常溶解氧条件下,氨氮对线纹海马幼鱼96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)为10.22 mg·L-1,安全浓度(SC)为1.02 mg·L-1;非离子氨的半致死浓度(96 h LC50)为0.16 mg·L-1,安全浓度(SC)为0.016 mg·L-1;高溶解氧条件下,氨氮对幼鱼的96 h LC50为12.68 mg·L-1,SC为1.27 mg·L-1;非离子氨96 h LC50为0.2 mg·L-1,SC为0.02mg·L-1。氨氮胁迫造成线纹海马幼鱼鳃组织在不同时间出现鳃丝血管扩张、泌氯细胞增生,鳃小片基部毛细血管破裂、红细胞溢出、鳃组织充血变性、卷曲变短、呼吸上皮细胞变性脱落等现象,并使肝脏肝细胞出现肿胀、细胞核肿大,肝血窦扩张、细胞轮廓模糊等组织变化;随着胁迫物浓度和胁迫时间增加,肝组织出现水样变性、空泡化、溶解,导致肝组织变得松散无序。综上,适当提高溶解氧能有效减轻氨氮对线纹海马幼鱼的毒性,超过阈值的氨氮胁迫会损害线纹海马幼鱼的鳃和肝脏组织结构。     

Effects of copper on the growth, photosynthesis and nutrient concentrations of Phaseolus plants

Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Zargana Kavala) were grown under conditions of increasing Cu concentrations in the growth medium (0.5-160.5 μM). Generally, the Cu concentrations between 0.5-1.5 μM were deficient, 1.5-10.5 μM were optimal, and 10.5-160.5 μM were toxic to plant growth. The Cu toxicity was associated with marked increases in plant tissue Cu concentrations. Under the Cu-deficient and optimal growth conditions, Cu was located primarily in the leaves. Under Cu toxicity, it was primarily sequestered in the roots. With increasing Cu in the growth medium, there was a positive correlation between Cu concentrations in the roots, stems and leaves, Ca in the roots, and K and Mg in the leaves. In contrast, Ca concentrations in the leaves and stems showed a negative correlation. The chlorophyll (Chl) concentration increased with increasing leaf Cu concentration, however, the Chl a/b ratio decreased. Since with an increasing leaf Cu concentration the leaf area decreased more markedly than the leaf dry mass, the net photosynthetic rate (PN) per leaf area increased and per dry mass decreased. The increase in PN per leaf area was almost entirely accounted for by the increase in Chl concentration. The initial Chl fluorescence (F0) increased with increasing leaf Cu concentration. The ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) under Cu toxicity decreased. The half-time for the rise from F0 to Fm (t1/2) remained relatively unchanged with increasing leaf Cu concentration. Therefore the Cu-stress caused a small decrease in the efficiency of photosystem 2 photochemistry, but its primary effect was on growth. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Toxicity of Fluoranthene and Its Biodegradation by Cyclotella caspia Alga

Fluoranthene Is one of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with four benzene rings. Because of Its toxicity, mutagenlclty, and carclnogenlclty, fluoranthene Is on the black lists of 129 and 68 priority pollutants established by US Environmental Protection Agency and the People＇s Republic of China, respectively. In recent years, the amount of fluoranthene In the aquatic environment has been Increasing with Increases In anthropogenlc discharge. Based on the biological investigation of tidal water In the Futlan mangrove, Cycioteila ~aspla was selected as the dominant algal species to determine the toxicity of fluoranthene towards C. caspla alga and to Investigate the blodegradatlon of fluoranthene by C. caspla under pure culture. The toxicity experiment showed that the 96-h EC50 value for fluoranthene was 0.2 mg/mL. Four parameters, namely C. caspla algal growth rate, chlorophyll （Chl） a content, cell morphology, and superoxlde dlsmutase （SOD） activity, were chosen as Indices of toxicity and were measured at 6 d （144 h）. The results showed that： （Ⅰ） the toxicity of fluoranthene towards C. caspla alga was obvious; （Ⅱ） C. caspla algal growth rate and Chl a content decreased with Increasing concentrations of fluoranthene; and （Ⅲ） the rate of cell deformation and SOD activity Increased with Increasing concentrations of fluoranthene. The blodegradatlon experiment showed that： （Ⅰ） the rate of physical degradation of fluoranthene was only 5.86%; （Ⅱ） the rate of blodegradatlon of fluoranthene on the 1st and 6th days （l.e. at 24 and 144 h） was approximately 35% and 85%, respectively; and （Ⅲ） the blodegradatlon capability of C. caspla alga towards fluoranthene was high. It is suggested that further Investigations on the toxicity of fluoranthene towards algae, as well as on algal blodegradatlon mechanisms, are of great Importance to use C. caspla as a biological treatment species In an organic wastewater treatment system.     

Antagonistic effect of scutellarin on the toxicity of selenium in rat livers

Selenium has both nutritional function and toxicity according to its concentration and species. To counteract the toxicity of selenium, scutellarin was investigated. Wistar rats were supplemented with 40 μg Se/kg/d as sodium selenite, 40 μg Se/kg/d with 20 mg/kg/d scutellarin, and 20 mg/kg/d scutellarin, respectively, for 15 d. The mRNA levels and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and thioredoxin reductase (TR), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by chemiluminescence assay, and tissue conformation was investigated by histological study. The results showed significant decreases of mRNA levels and activities of GSH-Px and TR and a significant increase of MDA content in livers of the Se-treated rats (p<0.05, compared with the control). Supplementation of scutellarin to the Se-treated group significantly inhibited the decreases of mRNA levels and activities, and the increase of MDA content (p<0.05, compared with the Setreated group). Meanwhile, scutellarin-scavenged ROS generated in the mixture of sodium selenite, reduced glutathione, and oxygen. Liver injury was displayed in slices exposed to selenium at the present dose. The groups treated with both selenium and scutellarin or only scutellarin did not show significant tissue damage. Thus, scutellarin had an antagonistic effect against the toxicity of selenium.     

镉和十二烷基硫酸钠对克氏原螯虾的单一和联合毒性

采用静水生物测试法,研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和Cd2+对克氏原螯虾的单一和联合毒性效应。结果表明,SDS对克氏原螯虾24、48、72和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为1365.60、1171.72、1128.43和1120.43mg·L-1,安全浓度(SC)为258.79mg·L-1;Cd2+对克氏原螯虾24、48、72和96h的LC50分别为1197.09、142.06、90.85和82.64mg·L-1,SC值为0.6mg·L-1。SDS和Cd2+对克氏原螯虾的毒性分别为低毒和高毒,毒性大小为Cd2+>SDS。联合毒性试验表明,二者毒性比为1∶1,暴露时间为24、48、72和96h时,相加指数(AI)分别为0.335、0.017、0.030和0.032,联合作用结果均为毒性增强的协同作用。     

ZT和2iP对3个南方高丛蓝浆果优选系丛生枝增殖及生长的影响

研究了不同质量浓度ZT和2iP对南方高丛蓝浆果(Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids)优选系A47、A119和A167丛生枝的增殖倍数、质量、含水量和长度的影响.结果表明,在0.5～3.0 mg·L~(-1)质量浓度范围内,随ZT质量浓度提高,3个优选系丛生枝的总增殖倍数、有效增殖倍数、鲜质量、干质量、含水量及总长度均呈增加趋势,而平均长度则呈下降趋势.在2.5～15.0 mg·L~(-1)质量浓度范围内,随2iP质量浓度提高,3个优选系丛生枝的总增殖倍数和含水量先增加后下降,在2iP质量浓度为5.0～10.0 mg·L~(-1)时达到峰值;有效增殖倍数、总长度和平均长度一直呈下降趋势;鲜质量和干质量无明显的变化规律.在改良WPM培养基中添加2.0～3.0 mg·L~(-1) ZT或5.0～10.0 mg·L~(-1) 2iP可使3个南方高丛蓝浆果优选系丛生枝有较高的增殖倍数,而添加0.5～1.0 mg·L~(-1) ZT或2.5 mg·L~(-1) 2iP可使丛生枝生长较好.此外,优选系A47和A167丛生枝的增殖倍数显著高于优选系A119.     

辛基酚胁迫对雄性泥鳅抗氧化酶及卵黄蛋白原的影响

为研究辛基酚(OP)对雄性泥鳅抗氧化酶活性及血清卵黄蛋白原(VTG)含量的影响,将雄性泥鳅分别暴露于4种不同质量浓度OP(0.12、0.19、0.32、0.52 mg/L)中持续7、14、21 d和28 d,采用试剂盒检测肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量,采用碱不稳定性蛋白结合磷法检测血清VTG的含量。结果表明,0.12 mg/L OP胁迫14 d,肝脏SOD和CAT含量均无显著变化,但是随着胁迫剂量增大和时间延长,SOD和CAT含量降低极其显著,在0.52 mg/L OP胁迫28 d时降到最低水平;泥鳅在0.12 mg/L OP中暴露7 d时,血清VTG含量就有极其显著升高,且随着胁迫剂量增大和时间的延长,VTG含量呈升高趋势。提示OP胁迫对SOD和CAT活性有显著的抑制作用,并随胁迫剂量增大和时间延长而抑制加剧,造成氧化损伤;OP胁迫可诱导VTG合成,并随暴露剂量增大和时间延长而诱导增强,具有明显的雌激素效应,这可能与其氧化损伤有密切关系。     

石蒜愈伤组织的诱导及其继代培养

以石蒜鳞茎为外植体,研究了不同激素组合、鳞茎不同部位和不同生长时期等因素对石蒜愈伤组织诱导的影响及其继代培养。结果表明：MS＋2,4-D 1 mg·L~（-1）＋6-BA 1 mg·L~（-1）激素组合能较好的诱导出石蒜愈伤组织,诱导率达61.13%;外植体的选择是石蒜愈伤组织诱导的关键因素,内层鳞茎诱导愈伤组织的效果最好;在一个生长周期中,9、10月的鳞茎作为外植体诱导愈伤组织最佳;MS＋2,4-D 0.5 mg·L~（-1）＋KT 0.5 mg·L~（-1）是愈伤组织较好的继代培养基,继代周期为24～27 d。     

轮叶党参的组织培养及植株再生研究

以轮叶党参为材料,研究了不同外植体、激素组合、培养基及光照条件对愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响.结果表明,叶片是轮叶党参组织培养较为合适的外植体.外植体在添加0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) KT的MS培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高可达100%;愈伤组织转移到附加0.75 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA的MS培养基进行继代培养,增殖后的愈伤组织转移到附加0.5 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.2 mg·L~(-1) NAA的1/2MS分化培养基进行分化,其分化率达89.4%;将分化出的芽转接到附加0.2 mg·L~(-1) IAA+0.2 mg·L~(-1) NAA的1/2MS培养基,生根率达92.5%.暗培养诱导出愈伤组织后转到16 h·d~(-1)光照条件下,愈伤组织增殖倍数和分化率显著提高,再生苗健壮,长势强.     

日本沼虾幼虾对碱度和pH的适应性

采用急性毒性实验法,研究日本沼虾（Macrobrachium nipponense）对碱度和DH的适应能力,探讨内陆盐碱水域养殖的可能性。结果表明,pH对幼虾的24、48、72、96h半数致死值分别为10．13、9．72、9．67和9．51,安全与适应范围分别为5．26～8．67、5．10～8．84。碱度对幼虾的24h半数有效浓度为17．96mmol／L,95％置信限14．60—22．53mmol／L;24、48、96h半数致死浓度分别为48．95、45．15和44．96mmol／L,95％置信限分别为45．72～50．60、39．46～51．67及34．34～55．38mmol／L,安全碱度11．52mmol／L。结果表明,在pH≤9．0、碱度≤20．0mmol／L的内陆盐碱水域,可以养殖日本沼虾。     

双酚A暴露对东亚三角涡虫急性毒性及神经酶的影响

旨在探讨双酚A (BPA)对东亚三角涡虫的急性毒性及神经系统相关酶活性的影响。采用不同浓度的BPA处理涡虫24 h、48 h、72 h,求出半致死浓度,以此为基础,采用不同浓度的BPA处理涡虫24 h、72 h、144 h,测定AchE、ChAT及Na+~K+^-ATP酶活性。BPA对三角涡虫的24 h、48 h、72 h,LC50分别为12.18 mg/L、8.49 mg/L、6.43 mg/L。ChE、ChAT、Na+~K+^-ATP酶活性对BPA反应敏感,具有较好的规律性。24 h处理组,AChE酶活力随BPA浓度的升高而升高,72 h和144 h处理组则呈现先上升后下降的趋势,除0.643 mgBPA/L以外,其它处理组均表现出了时间-效应关系;在BPA胁迫下,ChAT酶活力均呈现降低趋势,在BPA浓度为0.643 mg/L、1.286 mg/L时,表现出了时间-效应关系;24 h、72 h处理组Na+~K+^-ATP酶活力随BPA浓度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,144 h处理组则呈现下降趋势,Na+~K+^-ATP酶活力随BPA胁迫时间的延长呈现先升高后下降的趋势。BPA对涡虫具有较强的生态毒性,AchE、ChAT、Na+~K+^-ATP酶活性可与其他敏感指标一起作为水体BPA污染的早期监测指标。     

双酚A对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性作用

Bisphenol A(BPA)is a chemical estrogen-like sub-stance with properties that are of environmental concern.It is widely used in the chemical industry to manufactureepoxy-and polyester-styrene resins.It has been reportedthat BPA ranges between0and33μg in each plasticcup[1].After atwo-weekexposureto0.5%bisphenol Aithas beenreportedthat disattachments betweensertoli cellsand spermatogonia were observed while spermatogoniawere arrangedin disorder and displacement of spermatogo-nia away fromthe basement membrance ...     

杠柳毒素NW的杀虫活性

杠柳毒素NW是从杠柳(Periploca sepium Bunge)中分离的新化合物,是其主要的杀虫成分。对杠柳毒素NW的杀虫活性进行了测定,结果表明:杠柳毒素NW对小地老虎无明显的胃毒活性,对3龄的小菜蛾、粘虫和菜粉蝶幼虫均有较强的胃毒活性,处理后24h的致死中浓(LC50)分别是866.17,927.92和1107.08mg·L-1;对上述供试昆虫均无明显的触杀活性。此外,杠柳毒素NW对棉蚜、棉红蜘蛛及卫生害虫家蝇3龄幼虫和淡色库蚊3龄幼虫均有很好的毒杀活性,处理后24h的LC50分别为1743.17,2179.49,714.94和653.29mg·L-1。