对DNA与RNA区分染色实验的改进

核酸是主要的遗传物质 ,核酸的主要成分在细胞核中是 DNA,在细胞质与核仁中的是 RNA。由于 DNA与RNA在化学组成与分子结构上存在一定差别 ,因而对不同染料有不同的染色反应 ,可以根据这一原理来定性鉴定细胞中 DNA与 RNA的存在与分布。实验所采用染料为甲基绿 -焦宁 (Netyl- Green-Pyronin)染液 ,其中染液中的甲基绿能使细胞核中的DNA呈现绿色 ,而焦宁则能把细胞质与核仁中的 RNA染成红色。因此可以根据细胞中不同部位呈现颜色的不同来进行定性鉴定。1　材料与方法为了使实验方法快速简易而效果清晰准确 ,我们从染液的配方、材料…     

阿霉素诱导下的肝癌细胞HepG2中微小RNA差异表达分析

旨在研究阿霉素诱导引起的DNA损伤压力下,肝癌细胞Hep G2中参与DNA损伤应答的mi RNA,并分析这些mi RNA靶基因参与肝癌DNA损伤应答相关的生物学进程与通路。通过小RNA测序检测阿霉素处理肝癌细胞Hep G2前后mi RNA的差异表达情况,使用GO与KEGG通路富集方法对差异表达mi RNA靶基因进行功能富集分析。结果显示,共检测出显著表达差异mi RNA 68个,其中上调13个,下调55个。mi RNA靶基因的功能分析结果显示,53条mi RNAs靶基因显著富集于调控细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、细胞迁移和细胞周期等与DNA损伤应答以及肿瘤相关的生物进程和信号通路,包括p53信号通路、癌症通路、Wnt信号通路和MAPK信号通路等。研究表明,在阿霉素诱导下,Hep G2中的差异表达mi RNAs与DNA损伤相关的肿瘤生物学进程以及信号通路显著相关,预示这些mi RNAs在阿霉素引发的肝细胞癌DNA损伤应答中起着重要的作用。     

改良的大鼠脑组织总RNA抽提方法

目的:建立一种简单方便、结果稳定的抽提大鼠脑组织总RNA的方法。方法:在传统一步法抽提动物组织总RNA的基础上,通过增加抽提步骤使总RNA与细胞DNA、蛋白质、细胞残片等干扰总RNA质量的杂质有效分离。结果:建立了可以快速、稳定地获得高纯度、未被降解的大鼠脑组织总RNA的方法。结论:采用改良的方法抽提到的总RNA比用传统的一步法得到的总RNA的完整性和均一性好,可直接应用于分子生物学操作。     

小麦根尖细胞分化过程中DNA,RNA和蛋白质含量变化的研究

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种子在25℃条件下萌发3d,根生长至1～2cm长时,于双筒解剖镜下严格切取根分生区、伸长区和成熟区。用专一性荧光染料Hochest33258、Pyronin G和FITC分别染细胞核DNA、RNA和蛋白质,并用自动图像分析技术和细胞荧光测定术分别测定三个区中各125个细胞核DNA的相对含量和各100个细胞中RNA和蛋白质的相对含量。核DNA相对含量随着根尖细胞分化的进程,DNA含量递增,成熟区细胞中含量最高。RNA的相对含量则与之相反,在分生区细胞中含量最高,成熟区细胞中含量最低。蛋白质的相对含量则在伸长区细胞中最高,分生区细胞中最低。讨论了根尖细胞分化过程中DNA、RNA和蛋白质三者之间变化的一些内在联系。     

CRISPR-Cas13系统与活细胞RNA标记

在活细胞条件下观察RNA分子的亚细胞定位和动态变化对了解它们的功能十分重要,而目前活细胞RNA标记的工具十分有限。中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所陈玲玲研究组的最新研究成果成功利用CRISPR-Cas13系统实现了在活细胞中对RNA的特异性标记。研究人员筛选出了RNA标记能力较强的dPspCas13b和dPguCas13b蛋白,优化后可以有效标记非编码RNA和mRNA,进一步联合使用dPspCas13b和dPguCas13b蛋白实现了对活细胞内不同RNA的双色标记,与标记DNA的CRISPRdCas9系统联用实现了RNA转录和基因位点的同时标记。该工作为在活细胞中研究RNA的定位、不同RNA之间的相互关系、DNA与RNA转录调控的关系提供了简单有效的新手段。     

变应性鼻炎鼻分泌物中细胞内DNA和RNA代谢的观测

本文介绍应变性鼻炎鼻分泌物中细胞内DNA和RNA代谢变化的观测方法。以鼻分泌物中的多种炎性细胞为实验标本,经细胞贴壁、0.1%吖橙染色标记,37℃孵育15min;采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对细胞内DNA,RNA形态和含量进行观测。结果表明：本方法应用于变应性鼻炎鼻分泌物细胞内DNA、RNA代谢的研究是切实可行的。     

巧用DNA凝胶回收柱提纯种子RNA

禾谷作物种子中含有大量淀粉,由于多糖与RNA溶解性非常相似,所以很难提取和纯化其中的RNA。介绍一种用DNA凝胶回收柱快速、高效提纯富含多糖种子的RNA提纯方法．     

R环的形成及对基因组稳定性的影响

R-环是由一个RNA:DNA杂交体和一条单链状态的DNA分子共同组成的三链核酸结构。其中, RNA:DNA杂交体的形成起因于基因转录所合成的RNA分子不能与模板分开, 或RNA分子重新与一段双链DNA分子中的一条链杂交。在基因转录过程中, 当转录泡遇到富含G碱基的非模板链区或位于某些与人类疾病有关的三核苷酸卫星DNA时, 转录泡后方累积的负超螺旋可促进R环形成。同时, 新生RNA分子未被及时加工、成熟或未被快速转运到细胞质等因素也会催生R环。研究表明, 细胞拥有多种管理R环的方法, 可以有效地管理R环的形成和处理已经形成的R环, 以尽量避免R环对DNA复制、基因突变和同源重组产生不利影响。文章重点分析了R-环的形成机制及R环对DNA复制、基因突变和同源重组的影响, 并针对R-环诱导的DNA复制在某些三核苷酸重复扩增有关的神经肌肉退行性疾病发生过程中的作用进行了分析和讨论。     

提高易自聚合蛋白质与核酸相互作用效率的一种简单方法

对蛋白质、DNA和RNA的相互作用(结合)的研究是分子生物学的基本课题.多数DNA和RNA的结合蛋白都具有自聚合倾向,在体外实验中会造成难以和DNA或RNA形成结合物而影响实验的结果.用荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)标记蛋白质能显著抑制这种自聚合倾向,而大幅度提高其与核酸分子的结合效率.这一简单方法已用于在细胞角蛋白18与转录因子C/EBPβ3′UTR RNA结合研究中.     

生物防治因子

将一种双链DNA分子插入植物细胞基因组。双链DNA分子中有一个在植物细胞内有功能病毒RNA顺序的启动区,病毒RNA的cDNA,能把多腺昔酸化核普酸加到RNA3产端的非翻译区。(魏钧)882303产生杀菌素的内共生微生物及其制备与使用方法仁专     

Detection of DNA fragmentation and apoptotic proteins, and quantification of uncoupling protein expression by real-time RT-PCR in adipose tissue

Better understanding of the mechanisms involved in adipose tissue growth and metabolism is critical for the development of more effective treatments for obesity. However, because of its high lipid and low protein content, adipose tissue can present unique problems in some experimental procedures. We describe three protocols that provide new or improved methods for analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein from different adipose tissues. The first protocol provides a simple and rapid method for separation of fragmented DNA and visualization of apoptotic DNA laddering without the need for radioisotopes. This technique allows for an estimate of the amount of DNA fragmentation, and hence, apoptosis. The second protocol details subcellular fractionation of adipose tissue for the extraction of protein in the mitochondrial and cytosol fractions and the measurement of apoptotic protein (Bcl-2 and Bax) levels in each fraction. The last protocol involves extraction of total RNA from adipose tissue and the measurement of uncoupling protein mRNA using real-time RT-PCR, a method that has not previously been used to measure expression of uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue.     

Purification of RNA-free plasmid DNA using alkaline extraction followed by Ultrogel A2 column chromatography

A procedure for extracting RNA-free plasmid DNA from bacterial cells is described. The method is simple and rapid enough to obtain pure plasmid DNA in 8 to 10 h after plasmid amplification. The protocol uses the alkaline extraction procedure described by Birnboim and Doly (1979, Nucl. Acid Res. 7, 1513-1523). Plasmid DNA is then separated from high-molecular-weight RNA by ammonium acetate precipitation and from low-molecular-weight RNA contaminants by Ultrogel A2 column chromatography. The plasmid DNA obtained by this inexpensive technique is sufficiently pure to be used for restriction endonuclease analysis, 5'-end labeling, S1 mapping, DNA sequencing, and colony hydridization.     

Denaturing RNA electrophoresis in TAE agarose gels

Current methods of analytical RNA electrophoresis are based on the utilization of either complicated laboratory instrumentation or toxic, carcinogenic, or expensive chemicals. We suggest here the use of classical Tris-acetate-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (TAE) agarose gels combined with prior denaturation of RNA samples in hot formamide for the electrophoretic separation of RNA species. We present a brief comparison of the proposed TAE/formamide method with the most common 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid/formaldehyde agarose gel protocol and show that both methods produce comparable results for size determination of RNA molecules and subsequent Northern blotting of gels. In addition to purified RNA samples, the robustness of the TAE/formamide protocol is demonstrated by its suitability for the analysis of RNA quality in crude yeast cell lysates containing large amounts of proteins, DNA, and other contaminating molecules. We therefore propose the TAE/formamide agarose electrophoresis as a rapid, simple, and cheaper alternative to current methods of RNA electrophoresis. Additionally, another benefit is the reduced exposure of laboratory personnel to hazardous chemicals.     

Purification and separation of various plasmid forms by exclusion chromatography

A chromatographic method for the rapid isolation of preparative amounts of plasmid DNA without the use of cesium chloride centrifugation is described. The protocol uses the alkaline extraction procedure and an exclusion column of Fractogel TSK 75S. From a clear lysate it is possible to obtain plasmid DNA completely free of proteins, RNA, and chromosomal DNA. From partially purified plasmid the procedure allows the separation of the different forms. This technique was successfully applied to different plasmids ranging in size from 2.9 to 17.5 MDa. It is a preparative method yielding easily 500 micrograms of pBR322 from 1 liter of amplified culture. The plasmid is suitable for topoisomerase I, topoisomerase II, and EcoRI assays.     

A Rapid and effective method for RNA extraction from different tissues of grapevine and other woody plants

Introduction –  RNA quality and integrity are critical for many studies in plant molecular biology. High‐quality RNA extraction from grapevine and other woody plants is problematic due to the presence of polysaccharides, polyphenolics and other compounds that bind or co‐precipitate with the RNA. Objective  – To develop an optimised cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐based protocol, to reduce the time and cost of extraction without reducing quality and yield of RNA extracted from polysaccharide‐rich tissues of several plants. Methodology  – Several changes were introduced to the original CTAB protocol. All centrifugation steps were carried out at 4°C, the sample weight was decreased and the concentrations of PVP‐40 and LiCl were increased reducing incubation time prior to RNA precipitation. This rapid CTAB protocol was compared with six different RNA extraction methods from three grapevine tissues, namely, in vitro plantlets, and leaves and mature canes from actively growing field vines. Results –  The rapid CTAB method gave high‐quality RNA in only 3 h at low cost with efficiency equal to or higher than that obtained with other time‐consuming and expensive protocols. The procedure was applied to RNA extraction from other grapevine tissues and other woody species including olive, lemon, poplar, chestnut, apple, pear, peach, cherry, apricot, plum and kiwi fruit. RNA of high quality could be isolated from all tissues and from all species. Conclusion –  The study has shown that the improvement of a CTAB‐based protocol allows the rapid isolation of high‐quality RNA from grapevine and many woody species. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.