多胞锈菌属（锈菌目，多胞锈菌科）3新种和两中国新记录

报道了多胞锈菌属Phragmidium(多胞锈菌科Phragmidiaceae)的3个新种和两中国新记录。新种是采自香莓Rubus pungens var. oldhamii上的多隔多胞锈菌P.multiseptatum、采自峨眉蔷薇Rosa omeiensis上的粗壮多胞锈菌P. robustum以及采自华中悬钩子Rubus cockburnianus上的西藏多胞锈菌P. tibeticum。中国新记录是二花悬钩子Rubus biflorus和掌叶悬钩子R. pentagonus上的八室多胞锈菌P. octoloculare以及秀丽悬钩子Rubus amabilis、香莓R.pungens var.oldhamii、柔毛针刺悬钩子R.pungens var. villosus和西藏悬钩子R. thibetanus上的香莓多胞锈菌P. rubi-oldhami。     

中国悬钩子属新分类群

近年来对我国9个省的悬钩子属植物资源进行了调查采集,并在南京中山植物园建立了田间种质库进行观察研究。本文报导在云南省悬钩子资源调查中发现的1个新种和5个新变种,它们是:Rubus godongensis Gu et Li, R. biflorus Buch.-Ham.ex Smith var.spinocalycinus Gu et Li, R. glabricarpus Cheng var.eglandulosus Gu et Li, R. gongshanensis Yü et Lu var.eglandulosus Gu et Li, R. parvifolius L.var.purpureus Gu et Li, R. viburnifolius Focke var.apetalus Gu etLi.     

Phylogeny of Rubus (rosaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences

We used nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1 - 5.8S - ITS 2; ITS) sequences to generate the first phylogeny of Rubus based on a large, molecular data set. We sampled 57 taxa including 20 species of subgenus Rubus (blackberries), one to seven species from each of the remaining 11 subgenera, and the monotypic and closely related Dalibarda. In Rubus, ITS sequences are most informative among subgenera, and variability is low between closely related species. Parsimony analysis indicates that Rubus plus Dalibarda form a strongly supported clade, and D. repens may nest within Rubus. Of the subgenera with more than one species sampled, only subgenus Orobatus appears monophyletic. Three large clades are strongly supported: one contains all sampled species of nine of the 12 subgenera; another includes extreme Southern Hemisphere species of subgenera Comaropsis, Dalibarda, and Lampobatus; and a third clade consists of subgenus Rubus plus R. alpinus of subgenus Lampobatus. Rubus ursinus appears to be a hybrid between a close relative of R. macraei (subgenus Idaeobatus, raspberries) and an unidentified subgenus Rubus species. ITS sequences are generally consistent with biogeography and ploidy, but traditionally important morphological characters, such as stem armature and leaf type, appear to have limited phylogenetic value in Rubus.     

江西悬钩子属的分类和地理分布

通过野外调查和查阅大量标本和文献,对江西悬钩子属植物的分类和地理分布进行了较为系统的研究。江西境内共有悬钩子属植物43种7变种2变型,其中红花悬钩子Rubus inopertus(Diels)Focke,大红泡R.eustephanus Focke ex Diels,深裂锈毛莓R.reflexus Ker var.lanceolobus Metc为江西新分布。编制了检索表,并讨论了江西悬钩子属植物的地理分布。     

Rubus vestervicensis (Rosaceae) — its hybrid origin revealed by DNA fingerprinting

Kraft, T., Nybom, H. & Werlemark, G. 199.5. Rubus vestervicensis (Rosaceae) — its hybrid origin revealed by DNA fingerprinting. — Nord. 3. Bot. 1.5: 237–242. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107-055X.
The large number of species in Rubus subgenus Rubus are thought to have arisen, at least in part, through hybridiation between facultatively apomictic species. R. vestervicensis is known only from a small island off the Swedish east coast. It has been suggested that it is a hybrid between R. grabowskii and R. pedemontanus . We have compared these species with DNA fingerprinting and our results support the hybridization hypothesis. All bands found in the fingerprint of R. grabowskii and about half of the bands found in R. pedemontanus were present in R. vestervicensis , suggesting that the latter species was derived from fertilization of an unreduced R. grabowskii egg cell with R. pedemontanus pollen.     

Redberry mite, Acalitus essigi (Hassan) (Acari: Eriophyidae), an additional biological control agent for Rubus species (blackberry) (Rosaceae) in Australia

Abstract  Acalitus essigi , the eriophyoid mite that causes red berry disease in Rubus species (Rosaceae), was collected from the fruits of three species of weedy blackberry, R. anglocandicans , R. laudatus and R. ulmifolius , in south-west Australia. This is the first record for this species in Western Australia and these plants appear to be new host records for A. essigi , which causes uneven ripening of fruit. Information on the mite is reviewed in the context of determining its potential as a biological control agent for Rubus species, especially those that are not susceptible to Phragmidium violaceum (Uredinales), the rust fungus being released against species of European blackberry in Australia. Published records also show that A. essigi will attack a wide range of Rubus species including species of North American origin that currently escape biological control in Australia. It may also be useful for preventing the spread of commercial varieties of Rubus (e.g. raspberry and loganberry) that have escaped to become weedy. However, the mite may have limited dispersal ability and thus require redistribution.     

Taxonomic notes on Ethiopian Rosaceae

A summary is presented of taxonomic revisions and rearrangements required in connection with an account of the family Rosaceae for the Flora of Ethiopia. In Rubus the species R. apetalus Poir., R. erlangeri Engl., R. steudneri Engl. and R. volkensii Engl. are treated, whereas in Alchemilla particular attention is given to the species A. abyssinca Fresen., A. fischeri Engl., A. haumanii Rothm., A. kiwuensis Engl., A. microbetula T.C.E. Fr., and A. pedata Hochst. ex A. Rich. Distribution maps are provided for Rubus aethiopicus R. A. Graham, R. erlangeri and R. volkensii as well as for Alchemilla fischeri, A. microbetula and A. pedata.     

THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RASPBERRIES AND PLANT-POLLINATOR COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

Rubus idaeus and Rubus pubescens are congeners which differ with respect to their life history patterns. Rubus idaeus is locally important in the Northeast in areas subject to windthrow, fire, and man-made disturbances, while R. pubescens often forms a significant portion of the ground cover of shaded, damp, woodland areas. The life history pattern of R. idaeus is based upon the short term build up and slow decay of a large seed bank. Vegetative reproduction is more important in the eventual spread of R. pubescens. The reproductive traits of the two species reflect many of the above mentioned constraints and differences. Rubus pubescens produces relatively small quantities of nectar and flowers during a brief 1–2-wk period late in May. Synchronous flowering probably minimizes the incidence of floral predation and makes the low nectar flowers more attractive by reducing the pollinators' flight time. Rubus idaeus is an abundant species, which offers almost unlimited supplies of nectar during at least part of its extended 3–4-month flowering season. It is attractive to a wide range of pollinators and has figured prominently in the design, phenology, and reward structure of the early successional northern hardwoods plant-pollinator community.     

悬钩子属植物的RAPD分析

用RAPD标记技术对13个黑莓（blackberry）、树莓（raspberry）品种和5个野生悬钩子种类（Rubus spp．）的26个居群的遗传多样性进行了分析。用15个寡聚核苷酸随机引物共扩增出条带131条,其中多态性条带118条,占扩增条带总数的90％,表明悬钩子属植物种间和品种间存在丰富的遗传多样性。通过聚类分析可将供试的26个居群分为4组,其中A组有粗叶悬钩子（R．alceaefolius Poir．）、山莓（R．corchorifolius L．）、插田泡（R．coreanus Miq．）、掌叶覆盆子（R．chingii Hu）、‘威廉姆特’、‘托拉咪’、‘泰勒’、‘金克维’、‘布里斯托’、‘宝森’7号、‘布莱兹’及其实生苗、‘基奥瓦’、‘萨尼’、‘黑布特’等15个居群;B组包括‘宝森’1号～‘宝森’6号和‘马林’、‘乔克多’等8个居群;C组包括‘赫尔’和‘切斯特’的2个居群;D组仅有蓬藁（R．hirsutus Thunb．）1种。这一聚类结果与传统形态学分类结果基本吻合。     

Comparative Ecology of Rubus Species (Rosaceae) I. Ecological Distribution and Life History Characteristics of Three Species, R. palmatus var. coptophyllus, R. microphyllus and R. crataegifolius

Abstract The ecological distribution and life history characteristics of three Rubus species, i.e., R. palmatus Thunb. var. coptophyllus (A. Gray) O. Kuntze, R. microphyllus L.f. and R. crataegifolius Bunge were investigated, with particular emphasis on the seasonal growth cycles, modes of the alternation of aerial organs, and patterns of dry matter allocation, and these features were critically compared with one another. It was found that seasonal changes of aboveground biomass are strongly related to the modes of cane alternation, to underground branching producing stolons, and to their dry matter allocation patterns. The modes of cane alternation, underground branching and dry matter allocation patterns were very similar in R. microphyllus and R. crataegifolius , taking about five months from May to September. But R. palmatus var. coptophyllus showed much more gradual replacement of aerial organs, extending over seven months from May to December. These three Rubus species are often predominant in the early successional stages of pioneer communities which develop after cutting of forests in central Japan, and differentiations of the above-mentioned life history traits found in Rubus species seem to be related to the constraints inherent in their somewhat labile, changing environments, e.g., at the forest margin or clearings produced temporarily.     

秦巴山区悬钩子植物的种质资源

秦巴山区有野生悬钩子38种12变种,是我国悬钩子属植物比较集中的分布区之一,对秦巴山区悬钩子种质资源的系统调查和综合分析结果表明:1.悬钩子类果实中维生素类（尤其是维生素E）和SOD等生物活性物质的含量异常高,蛋白质、氨基酸、有机酸和矿质元素含量不同程度地高于栽培水果,是一种急待开发利用的野生果树。2.黄果悬钩子、粉枝莓、华中悬钩子、弓茎悬钩子、喜阴悬钩子、插田泡、茅莓、山莓和高粱泡等具有直立生长、植株健壮、少刺或无刺、丰产、抗寒耐旱等经济性状,是悬钩子类果树选种和育种的优良种质材料,其中有些种类还可以直接引种栽培。3.悬钩子植物的美化环境和水土保持作用及药用保健价值也应受到重视。     

北方几种小浆果植物的核型研究

对悬钩子属、醋栗属、越桔属、沙棘属、接骨木属和五味子属等６属１２种小浆果植物的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。其中绿叶悬钩子、牛迭肚和刺果茶Ｂｉａｏ的染色体数目为首次报道。截止目前,关于小浆果植物的核型资料报道甚少。     

两种悬钩子属植物在中国的重新发现

报道了蔷薇科两种悬钩子属植物在中国的重新发现,分别为美叶悬钩子(Rubus calophyllus C.B.Clark)和拟针刺悬钩子(R.parapungens H.Hara),并提供了简要的描述和标本照片。     

国产悬钩子属绢毛亚组新资料

报道了采自西藏墨脱县悬钩子属绢毛亚组Rubus subsect.Lineati (Focke) Yü et Lu两个中国新纪录种,即酒红悬钩子R.calophyllus Clarke.和炫丽悬钩子R splendidissimus Hara.     

国产悬钩子属绢毛亚组新资料

报道了采自西藏墨脱县悬钩子属绢毛亚组Rubus subsect. Lineati (Focke) Yü et Lu两个中国新纪录种, 即酒红悬钩子R.calophyllus Clarke.和炫丽悬钩子R.splendidissimus Hara.     

Molecular characterization of the Andean blackberry, Rubus glaucus, using SSR markers

The species Rubus glaucus, also known as the Andean or "Castilla" blackberry, is one of nine edible species of this genus that grow naturally in Central and South America. In Colombia, this species is the most important of all Rubus species for agricultural and commercial purposes. We used 20 SSRs developed for other Rubus species to characterize 44 Colombian R. glaucus genotypes, collected from eight different departments, and to look for molecular differences between thornless and thorny cultivated blackberries. Eighty-two bands were obtained from 28 loci. The genotypes were classified into eight populations, corresponding to collection sites. The mean number of polymorphic alleles per locus in all populations and genotypes ranged from 1.857 to 2.393. Samples collected from Valle del Cauca, Quindío, Caldas, and Risaralda departments had the highest heterozygosity values. The finding of exclusive bands from R. glaucus genotypes from Valle del Cauca, Quindío, and Caldas demonstrates genetic and molecular differentiation between thorny and thornless Andean blackberries.     

几种野生悬钩子家化的生物学基础研究

在对中国7个省区悬钩子属（Rubus L.）资源调查的基础上,选出蓬（R.hirsutus Thunb.）、掌叶覆盆子（R.chingii Hu）、山莓（R.corchorifolius L.）和高粱泡（R.lambertianus Ser.)4个野生种进行栽培化研究。本文报道4个种的生长结果习性、物候期、营养需要、花芽分化过程以及繁殖习性,并提出了一系列栽培措施。     

β-glucosyl esters of 19α-hydroxyursolic acid derivatives in leaves of Rubus species

β-Glucosyl esters of A-ring oxygenated 19α-hydroxyursolic acids were isolated from the leaves of Rubus microphyllus, R. koehneanus, R. trifidus and R. medius. Comparisons of the glycoside fractions of the leaves of 39 Rubus species were conducted, indicating the chemotaxonomic significance of this type of glucosyl ester in this genus.     

悬钩子属部分类群的分类订正

根据野外调查和查阅标本的结果, 对悬钩子属部分类群做了修订。将红毛悬钩子(R.pinfaensis Lévl.et Vant.)并入椭圆悬钩子(R.ellipticus Smith), 栽秧泡(R.ellipticus Smithvar.obcordatus (Franch.)Focke)提升为种(R.obcordatus (Franch.)Focke);棱枝细瘦悬钩子(R.macilentus Camb.var.angulatus Delav.)并入细瘦悬钩子(R.macilentus Camb.);毛叶插田泡(R.coreanus Miq.var.tomentosus Card.)并入插田泡(R.coreanus Miq.);狭叶绢毛悬钩子(R.lineatus Reinw.var.angustifolius Hook.)并入绢毛悬钩子(R.lineatus Reinw.)。对针刺悬钩子(R.pungens Camb.)及其各变种做了订正。     

Separation of three Rubus-feeding species of aphid — Sitobion fragariae (Wlk.), Macrosiphum funestum (Macch.) and Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) — by electrophoresis

Four species of aphid infest wild and cultivated blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg., R. lachiatus, etc) and other Rubus species in Britain and Continental Europe, - Sitobion fragariae (Walker), Macrosiphum funestum (Macchiati), Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach) and Aphis ruborurn (Bösrner). The nymphs, especially the early instars, of the first three species are fairly difficult to differentiate morphologically. However, they can clearly be separated using electrophoresis. The present paper describes diagnostic enzyme/isoenzyme banding patterns which allow differentiation of the first three species as apterous and alate adults and their instars using two enzymes - carboxylesterase (EST) and phosphatase (PHOS).