氧化苦参碱对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用研究

目的：研究氧化苦参碱对阿霉素致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法：SD大鼠随机分成4组,阿霉素级（adriamycin,ADM）、阿霉素＋氧化苦参碱组（oxymatrine,OMT）,氧化苦参碱组,正常对照组。免疫组化染色法检测大鼠心肌Ⅰ Ⅲ型胶原的表达,用光镜及电镜观察心肌组织的病理改变及超微结构变化。结果：ADM组中大鼠心肌Ⅰ Ⅲ型胶原的表达显著增加,ADM＋OMT组也有相似改变,但较ADM组有显著下降,两组之间有显著差异（P〈0．05）;正常对照组与OMT组无变化。光镜及电镜结果显示ADM组与ADM＋OMT组大鼠心肌组织,均有损伤,但ADM＋OMT组较ADM组损伤明显减轻。OMT组动物未观察到心肌组织病理变化。结论：氧化苦参碱对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤具有保护作用。     

大鼠运动性肥大心脏心肌血管内皮生长因子及其基因表达的研究

目的和方法：血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）是新近确定的一种特异作用于血管内皮细胞的活性肽。最近发现正常心肌细胞可表达ＶＥＧＦ,高血压肥大心脏心肌ＶＥＧＦ及基因表达增强,但对运动性心肌肥大时的变化尚不清楚。本实验采用免疫组化和分子杂交方法,对游泳运动１０周大鼠稳定期肥大心脏心肌ＶＥＧＦ及其基因表达进行研究。结果：ＷｉｓｔａｒＫｙｏｔｏ（ＷＫＹ）大鼠、自发性高血压大鼠（ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｒａｔｓ,ＳＨＲ）和运动大鼠心肌细胞浆内均有特异性ＶＥＧＦ染色颗粒,但运动大鼠心肌细胞胞浆内染色颗粒增加最明显。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分子杂交结果表明三组大鼠心肌均有ＶＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达,其中ＳＨＲ表达最强,运动大鼠比ＷＫＹ大鼠增强,但低于ＳＨＲ。结论：目前对这一结果的生理意义还不清楚,推测可能与心肌肥大时细胞间质血管增生有关。     

大鼠肥厚心肌缩短速度和肌凝蛋白重链同功酶谱的变化

用聚丙烯酰胺电泳分离并测定了大鼠左室肌凝蛋白ＡＴＰ酶活性依次降低的同功酶Ｖ_１,Ｖ_２和Ｖ_３的百分比（ＭＩ谱）,从乳头肌力－速度曲线读取心肌最大缩短速度（Ｖ_（ｍａｘ））,观察到：（１）正常大鼠出现增龄性Ｖ_１向Ｖ_３迁移和Ｖ_（ｍａｘ）下降,与８周龄组（Ｓ_０）相比,１６周和２４周龄组（Ｓ_８和Ｓ_（１６））的Ｖ_１／Ｖ_３比,分别下降３８．９％和６１．０％;Ｖ_（ｍａｘ）下降８．３％和１３．３％。（２）高血压肥厚心肌ＭＩ谱的迁移和Ｖ_（ｍａｘ）下降的程度大大超过增龄效应：高血压８周和１６周组（Ｈ_８和Ｈ_（１６））的Ｖ_１／Ｖ_３比值较术前对照Ｓ_０分别下降８４．４％和９３．５％,较同龄假手术对照Ｓ_８和Ｓ_（１６）组也分别低７４．５％和８３．３％,而Ｖ_（ｍａｘ）则比Ｓ_０组下降３３．３％和４８．３％。（３）６组４８只大鼠结果相关分析表明,Ｖ_（ｍａｘ）与Ｖ_１％高度正相关,与Ｖ_３％高度负相关。（Ｐ均小于０．０１）。上述结果提示：高血压肥厚心肌收缩速度明显下降,其主要生化机制似与同功酶谱由Ｖ_１优势向Ｖ_３迁移有关。     

青心酮对妊娠高血压综合征胎盘血管内皮和平滑肌细胞内一氧化氮合酶的影响

本文对正常孕妇、妊娠高血压综合征（ＰＩＨ）患者和经青心酮（ＤＨＡＰ）治疗的ＰＩＨ患者等共２４例,应用组织化学分析方法观察胎盘血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）和平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）内一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性的变化。结果表明：正常孕妇胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内ＮＯＳ活性较高;ＰＩＨ胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内ＮＯＳ活性明显减弱,并伴有组织和细胞的形态学损伤;经ＤＨＡＰ治疗后的ＰＩＨ胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ细胞ＮＯＳ活性较未经ＤＨＡＰ治疗者明显增加,其组织和细胞损伤也减轻。本研究结果提示胎盘内ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ细胞的ＮＯＳ减少可能与ＰＩＨ的发生和／或发展有关,青心酮治疗ＰＩＨ的作用可能与ＤＨＡＰ促进胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内一氧化氮（ＮＯ）合成有关。     

肌梭传入对呼吸的调节作用

实验用６３只麻醉、制动、切断双侧颈迷走神经、人工呼吸的家兔,以延髓呼吸相关神经元（ＲＲＮ）和膈神经放电（Ｐｈｒ．Ｄ）作为呼吸观测指标,观察了股动脉注射琥珀胆碱（Ｓｃｈ）诱发的肌梭传入活动对呼吸的影响。结果显示：（１）股动脉注射Ｓｃｈ可产生明显的呼吸易化作用,主要表现为吸气时程（Ｔｉ）延长、呼气时程（Ｔｅ）缩短不明显,Ｔｉ／Ｔｅ比值增加以及呼吸频率（ＲＦ）变化不在,称为吸气延长效应;或Ｔｅ缩短,Ｔｉ     

阿霉素心肌损伤大鼠模型的制备与评价

目的制备阿霉素心肌损伤大鼠模型,并对其进行评价。方法24只雄性SD大鼠随机分2组：正常对照组（CON,n=9）和阿霉素模型组（ADR,n=15）。ADR组腹腔注射阿霉素2 mg/kg,每周3次,连续2周,CON组注射相同体积的生理盐水,注射完毕后饲养5周;实验期间观察大鼠一般情况及死亡率;7周后检测心脏血流动力学及组织形态学变化,并进行心肌氧化损伤生化测定。结果ADR组大鼠死亡率为40%,CON组无死亡。与CON组比较,ADR组大鼠左室舒张末压（LVEDP）及左室内压最大下降速率（-LVdP/dtmax）显著升高（P〈0.001,P〈0.05）;组织学检查结果符合心肌损伤病理学改变的典型特征;心肌丙二醛（MDA）含量明显增加（P〈0.001）;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著降低（P〈0.01）。结论按12 mg/kg的ADR总剂量,以每周3次,共两周,每次2mg/kg腹腔注射方式给药,7周后大鼠心脏产生明显功能及形态学异常,可成功建立ADR心肌损伤大鼠模型。     

蛛网膜下腔出血对大鼠脑血流量和体感诱发电位的影响

目的：探讨蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）后脑血流量、体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）潜伏期的改变及其与一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的关系。方法：对假手术对照组和ＳＡＨ模型组大鼠检测２４ｈ局部脑血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）、ＳＥＰ潜伏期和血清及脑组织ＮＯ含量动态变化。结果：非开颅刺破Ｗｉｌｌｉｓ环的方法可成功地诱发ＳＡＨ。ＳＡＨ后ｒＣＢＦ立即降低,在２４ｈ内无恢复趋势。ＳＥＰ潜伏期于ＳＡＨ后１ｈ开始至２４ｈ明显延长。血清和脑组织ＮＯ含量     

Se和V_E与克山病

以克山病病区粮配成基础饲料,另在基础饲料中分别补充Ｓｅ或ＶＥ,或Ｓｅ＋ＶＥ喂养大鼠,在细胞及亚细胞水平上以Ｃａ代谢为主研究并比较了Ｓｅ和ＶＥ在克山病病因中的作用。测量了心肌细胞和心肌线粒体的Ｃａ代谢及有关指标、心肌线粒体能量转换功能及心肌组织自由基含量。结果表明,在低Ｓｅ病区粮中补充Ｓｅ或ＶＥ均能在一定程度上预防病区粮中致病因素对心肌细胞及线粒体的损伤;并且补充Ｓｅ或ＶＥ均能使心肌组织中自由基含量减少。提示Ｓｅ和ＶＥ是通过清除体内过量自由基预防细胞和线粒体的损伤的。但值得注意的是,实验中所用病区粮ＶＥ含量不低于甚至高于非病区对照粮,在低Ｓｅ情况下,所补ＶＥ的量需要相当大（如本实验中补充２００μｇ／ｇ）才能较明显地预防心肌细胞和心肌线粒体的损伤。通过对这些结果的分析,进一步肯定低Ｓｅ是克山病形成的重要因素之一。     

黄芪注射液对网腔钙结合蛋白基因沉默阿霉素损伤心肌细胞内质网应激伴侣蛋白GRP78,GRP94 mRNA的作用

目的：研究黄芪注射液对网腔钙结合蛋白（calumenin）基因沉默阿霉素损伤心肌细胞内质网应激伴侣蛋白GRP78,GRP94 mRNA的作用。方法：实验将体外培养的1~3 d乳鼠心肌细胞分为5组：对照组、模型组（正常细胞+3 mg/L阿霉素）、calumenin基因沉默模型组（慢病毒感染细胞+3 mg/L阿霉素）、黄芪组1（正常细胞+3 mg/L阿霉素+200 g/L黄芪）、黄芪组2（慢病毒感染细胞+3 mg/L阿霉素+200 g/L黄芪）。构建慢病毒-calumenin质粒,转染乳鼠培养心肌细胞,采用实时荧光定量分析（real-time PCR）检测各组心肌细胞calumenin及内质网应激伴侣蛋白GRP78、GRP94 mRNA表达。结果：①与对照组比较,模型组心肌细胞calumenin mRNA表达减少（P<0.05）,而calumenin基因沉默模型组及黄芪组2心肌细胞calumenin mRNA表达明显减少（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,黄芪组1心肌细胞calumenin mRNA表达增加（P<0.05）;与calumenin基因沉默模型组比较,黄芪组2心肌细胞calumenin mRNA表达明显增加（P<0.01）。②与对照组相比较,模型组及calumenin基因沉默模型组心肌细胞内质网应激伴侣蛋白GRP78、GRP94 mRNA表达明显增多（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,黄芪组1心肌细胞GRP78、GRP94 mRNA表达明显减少（P<0.01）;与calumenin基因沉默模型组比较,黄芪组2心肌细胞内质网应激伴侣蛋白GRP78、GRP94 mRNA表达明显减少（P<0.01）。结论：①阿霉素损伤可引起心肌细胞calumenin表达减少。②Calumenin可缓解阿霉素损伤所诱导心肌细胞内质网应激。黄芪注射液可抑制阿霉素损伤所诱导心肌细胞内质网应激,这种作用可能系通过calumenin介导实现的。     

脓毒症大鼠心肌腺苷酸环化酶活性的变化及其机理探讨

本研究证明，脓毒症（结扎盲肠及穿刺，ＣＰＬ）大鼠心肌肌膜腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣ）的活性及其部分纯化的ＡＣ最大活性，在早期脓毒症（ＥＳ，ＣＬＰ后９ｇ（时明显增高，在晚期脓毒症（ＬＳ，ＣＬＰ后１８ｈ）时明显降低。其心肌肌膜蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）的活性亦呈现类似变化。ＥＳ和ＬＳ大鼠心肌肌膜ＡＣ的增敏和失敏与ＰＫＣ的激活和抑制有关。上述ＡＣ和ＰＫＣ的双相变化不是肾上腺能β－受体和α１－受体系统依赖的。ＥＳ大鼠心     

甘肃省啮齿动物区系及地理区划的研究

甘肃啮齿动物有87种(含7亚种),隶2目9科41属。可将甘肃划分6个省：1．陇东高原省,有28种(含l亚种),2．中部黄土高原省,有30种;3．河西走廊省,有36种,三趾心颅跳鼠和短耳沙鼠为本省特有种;4．祁连山地省,有29种,高原高山鼠和银白高山鼠为本省特有种;5．甘南高原草原省,有34种,棕背鼾和普通田鼠为本省特有种,6．陇南山地省,有34种,豪猪和巢鼠为本省特有种。     

四川短尾鼩（Anourosorex squamipes)种群动态研究

四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squmipes)的怀孕期在每年的4、7 、9月,种群数量高峰为6月和10～11月。其种群数量的消长可分为种群潜伏期(3-4月)、盛发期(6、8、9月)、始衰期(10-11月)、凋落期(12、1、2月)以及数量间歇期(7月)和繁殖间歇期(5月)。该兽在田间是以个体群为基础的聚集型分布格局,并有高密度时低聚集和低密度时高聚集的分布特征。     

人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔生长和发育的初步研究

本文研究了人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔的生长发育情况,并和其他种鼠兔的生长作了比较。室内高原鼠兔比野外的生长快,人工饲养的阿富汗鼠兔和北美鼠兔生长期短,成熟早。     

应用阴茎骨形态指标划分黑腹绒鼠年龄的研究

用雄性阴茎骨近支基底高作频数分配将黑腹绒鼠指名亚种划分为5个年龄组,对各年龄组的体长、阴茎骨近支长和阴茎骨近支基底宽作t检验和F检验均有显著差异或极显著差异．表明以阴茎骨近支基底高划分黑腹绒鼠年龄组是可行的。     

A MENI0RIAL T0 THE FAM0US CHINESE GE0B0TANIST PROF. ZHU YAN-CHEN

The Yunnan University, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, on December 5, 1980, 1ost its staff member through 30 years and more,the Senior Professor of Plant Ecology and Geo- botany,Head of Geobotanical Laboratory, (Yun- nan University),President the Yunnan Botanical Society, Editor of Acta Botanica Yunnanica, etc     

Influence of microclimate and species interactions on the composition of plant and invertebrate communities in alpine northern Norway

We assessed the effects of both biotic processes and abiotic factors on the community composition of vascular plant species and invertebrates at a site in northern Norway. Plant species were assigned to functional (woody versus herbaceous) and biogeographic (boreal versus alpine) groups. Invertebrate species were classified as either herbivore or predator. When species interactions and effects of the abiotic environment were partitioned, boreal species appeared to influence the distribution of alpine species and woody species the distribution of herbaceous species. Analysis of partial correlations indicated that facilitation was the dominant mode of interaction between the two pairs of plant groups. Among abiotic factors, the thermal environment probably influenced all components of the plant and invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates, and wind appeared important in determining the composition of woody and alpine components of the plant community but not the herbaceous component. The composition of the boreal component of the plant community apparently influenced the composition of all invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates. The composition of the woody component of the plant community influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. The alpine plant-community composition influenced predatory invertebrate community composition. Woody plant community composition influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. Our analytic approach, based on two kinds of structural equation models (d-separation and path analysis), provides a useful method for identifying the biotic as well as abiotic factors that influence community structure.     

Seed size variation in the palm Euterpe edulis and the effects of seed predators on germination and seedling survival

Intraspecific variation in seed size is common in wild plant populations and has important consequences for the reproductive success of individual plants. Multiple, often conflicting evolutionary forces mediated by biotic as well as abiotic agents may maintain such a variation. In this paper we assessed seed size variation in a population of the threatened, commercially important palm Euterpe edulis in southeast Brazil. We investigated (i) how this variation affects the probability of attack by vertebrate and invertebrate post-dispersal seed predators, and (ii) if seed size influences the outcome of seeds damaged by beetles in terms of seed germination and early survival of seedlings. Euterpe edulis seeds varied in diameter from 8.3 to 14.1 mm. Neither insects nor rodents selected the seeds they preyed upon based on seed size. Seed germination and total, shoot and root biomasses of one-year seedlings were significantly and positively affected by seed size. Root biomass and seedling survival were negatively affected by seed damage caused by a scolytid beetle (Coccotrypes palmarum) whose adults bore into seeds to consume part of the endosperm, but do not oviposit on them. Seed size had a marginally significant effect on seedling survival. Therefore, if any advantage is accrued by E. edulis individuals producing large seeds, this is because of greater seed germination success and seedling vigor. If this is so, even a relatively narrow range of variation in seed size as observed in the E. edulis population studied may translate into differential success of individual plants.     

Morph-specific differences in reproductive success in the distylous Primula veris in a context of habitat fragmentation

Heterostylous self-incompatible plant species are particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation and to disruption of pollination processes because of the need of intermorph cross-pollination for producing seeds. Heterostyly is characterized by sexual polymorphism through the occurrence of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) morph types that differ in floral traits (style length and anther position). We examined whether the long-styled (pin) and short-styled (thrum) morph types show differences in reproductive components and responses to habitat fragmentation in the distylous, self-incompatible perennial herb Primula veris. We documented reproductive components for pin and thrum individuals and their relationships with population size, plant density and morph ratio (pin frequency), in nine populations from Flanders (northern Belgium) located in fragmented habitats of the intensively used agricultural landscape. Seed abortion increased in small populations as a result of inbreeding depression. Fruit set increased with plant density. Seed set was positively related to pin proportion. Seed set was higher for pin than thrum in small populations, but lower in large populations. Two hypotheses can be considered to explain these morph-specific differences: a pollen transfer asymmetry, and a reproductive advantage for the partially self-compatible pin morph. Morph types appear to respond differently to habitat fragmentation constraints. A floral morph type showing partial self-compatibility may be favored in populations under pollination failure, because it can increase reproductive success and mating opportunities through intramorph crosses.     

Shadoo/PrP (Sprn0/0/Prnp0/0) double knockout mice

Shadoo (Sho) is a brain glycoprotein with similarities to the unstructured region of PrP^C. Frameshift alleles of the Sho gene, Sprn, are reported in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) patients while Sprn mRNA knockdown in PrP-null (Prnp^0/0) embryos produces lethality, advancing Sho as the hypothetical PrP-like “pi” protein. Also, Sho levels are reduced as misfolded PrP accumulates during prion infections. To penetrate these issues we created Sprn null alleles (Daude et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 2012; 109(23): 9035–40). Results from the challenge of Sprn null and TgSprn transgenic mice with rodent-adapted prions coalesce to define downregulation of Sho as a “tracer” for the formation of misfolded PrP. However, classical BSE and rodent-adapted BSE isolates may behave differently, as they do for other facets of the pathogenic process, and this intriguing variation warrants closer scrutiny. With regards to physiological function, double knockout mice (Sprn^0/0/Prnp^0/0) mice survived to over 600 d of age. This suggests that Sho is not pi, or, given the accumulating data for many activities for PrP^C, that the pi hypothesis invoking a discrete signaling pathway to maintain neuronal viability is no longer tenable.     

新生大鼠脊髓交感节前神经元的单胺能受体

应用新生大鼠离体脊髓薄片的细胞内记录,观察了５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）及肾上腺素（ＡＤ）对交感节前神经元（ＳＰＮ）膜电位的作用,以期阐明三种单胺受体是共存于同一细胞,还是分别存在于不同细胞？实验结果显示：（１）５－ＨＴ,ＮＡ及ＡＤ分别使５７．１％（１６／２８）,６０％（１５／２５）及５２．４％（１１／２１）的ＳＰＮ出现了去极化反应;（２）根据ＳＰＮ对三种单胺的反应,可将６０％（１