泥河湾盆地南山根地点发掘简报

南山根地点位于河北省张家口市阳原县大田洼乡岑家湾村西南,考古文化层埋藏于泥河湾湖相层中,地质年代为早更新世。2017年5～7月,河北师范大学考古队对该地点进行了抢救性发掘,在面积为22 m²的范围内共出土编号遗物519件,主要为石制品,出土化石17件。石制品类型包括石核、石片、断块、碎屑、石器等。石制品原料可能为就地取材,取自附近基岩及河滩砾石;剥片方法主要为锤击法;石制品整体形制较小,属于石片石器工业;石制品类型以石片、断块和碎屑居多;共发现25个拼合组,包括57件可拼合石制品,应为原地埋藏。通过与邻近的岑家湾遗址地层对比,南山根地点文化层与岑家湾文化层处于同一自然堆积层内,但较岑家湾遗址文化层稍高,据此推断其年代可能接近并略晚于岑家湾遗址(1.1 MaBP)。     

泥河湾盆地东端2007年新发现的旧石器地点

泥河湾盆地东端的岑家湾台地西北缘是盆地内旧石器地点分布最为集中的地段。2007年春夏, 笔者在该地区方圆5km2的范围内进行了为期3个月的旧石器考古调查, 在许家坡至水草湾、麻地沟以及官厅村至钱家沙洼等处发现16处旧石器地点, 获得石制品68件, 动物碎骨47件。石制品个体较小, 属于华北小石器工业传统。从地层发育和对比判断,麻地沟一带地点大致与东谷坨文化层同期, 官厅村西南地点则与后沟文化期相当。其中庙梁沟、沙梁、麻地沟E2和E3地点具备进一步发掘前景。此次调查丰富了泥河湾盆地东端早期人类活动的信息,对探讨古人类在泥河湾盆地的生存方式和技术交流具有重要意义。     

泥河湾盆地霍家地发现的旧石器

霍家地旧石器地点发现于泥河湾盆地“泥河湾层”中,经试掘出土了60件石制品,包括4件石核、12件石片、24件石器和20件有人工痕迹的石块,石器中包括刮削器20件,尖状器2件,石锥、雕刻器各1件。含石制品地层位于东谷坨文化层之上,推测其年龄约为距今100万年左右。     

泥河湾盆地梅沟和苇地坡旧石器时代晚期地点

通过对河北省阳原县泥河湾盆地梅沟和苇地坡两个旧石器时代晚期地点的试掘,发现细石器和小石器文化层共存于同一剖面,从而为研究该盆地和华北地区细石器传统与小石器传统的关系提供了新的线索。文化遗存埋藏于桑干河二级阶地中下部、底砾层之上,出土的石制品工艺和时代特征鲜明,与西白马营地点风格一致,属于小石器文化传统,时代处于晚更新世末期。     

泥河湾盆地大长梁旧石器地点

大长梁旧石器地点位于泥河湾盆地东端 ,埋藏在泥河湾层里。它东距小长梁遗址170米 ,野外观测和地层对比显示 ,二者的地层层位及文化层一致 ,应为同时期遗址。该地点试掘近 7平方米 ,共获得33件石制品和一些动物化石。出土石制品以小型为主 ,原料剥片利用率高 ,成器率低 ,动物化石多为哺乳类肢骨。其年代大于107万年 ,属旧石器时代早期。     

泥河湾盆地上沙嘴石制品

泥河湾盆地上沙嘴出土石制品34件,包括石核、石片、石器和断块,并伴随纳玛象头骨与马和犀等的牙齿化石。上沙嘴石制品最初发现于1972年,报道后在国内外引起强烈反响。1980年该地点的时代被修改为晚更新世。近年来的考察再次表明,上沙嘴地点就位于下更新统泥河湾组,且得到了古地磁测年为距今160~170万年的确认。     

许家窑遗址74093地点1977年出土石制品研究

许家窑遗址74093地点位于泥河湾盆地中部, 发现于1974年, 出土了早期智人化石以及大量的石制品和动物化石。该地点进行过多次发掘, 其中1977年在U3等探方共出土石制品共1765件, 类型包括石核、石器、完整石片、不完整石片和断块等。石制品原料取自梨益沟流水带来的河卵石, 以石英岩和脉石英为主。石制品以小型居多, 锤击法为主要剥片方法, 砸击法应用较少。石器毛坯以片状居多, 占63.6%; 石器类型多样, 以刮削器和石球为主; 石器由锤击法加工而成, 加工部位多集中分布在毛坯的单侧或者单端, 单向加工占72.4%, 且以正向为主; 双向加工占27.6%, 多以复向加工为主。年代测定表明古人类在该地点活动的时间大致发生在晚更新世早期。石器组合属于华北小石器工业传统, 大量石球的发现对于研究早期人类的剥片技术和生存行为具有重要意义。     

蔚县盆地2017-2018年旧石器考古调查简报

蔚县盆地地处泥河湾盆地（广义）的东南端,是更新世人类活动的重要区域。2017-2018年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所等在盆地内开展系统的旧石器考古调查,新发现并确认了27处旧石器地点。相关地貌、地层对比显示,新地点年代可大致分为中更新世和晚更新世晚期两个阶段,文化遗物分别埋藏于泥河湾河湖相堆积和黄土堆积中。中更新世石制品类型包括石核、石片、石器和断块等,原料以火山岩为主,均采用锤击法进行剥片和修理石器;晚更新世晚期遗址包括石核、石片和细石叶等,原料以白云岩和燧石居多,火山岩次之,以硬锤锤击法为主要剥片技术,软锤技术少量发现。对石制品初步分析表明,蔚县盆地中更新世地点表现出了一套与阳原盆地早-中更新世不同的原料及石制品组合,且在蔚县盆地晚更新世晚期存在小型石片石器和细石器两种工业。本次调查扩大了泥河湾盆地古人类活动的地理范围与文化内涵,为揭示泥河湾盆地（广义）早期人类的迁徙与适应行为提供了有价值的线索。     

泥河湾盆地二道梁旧石器时代晚期遗址发掘简报

泥河湾盆地拥有较为丰富的旧石器时代晚期遗存,其中多处遗存包含楔形石核、锥形石核技术,其文化内涵在细石器研究领域具有重要意义。2002年7月,考古队员在盆地东部岑家湾台地北缘发现了二道梁遗址,随即进行发掘,揭露面积31m~2,出土包含石制品、动物化石及骨制品等文化遗物2000余件。遗址埋藏于桑干河右岸第三级基座阶地上部,上覆黄土状堆积,文化层厚约0.2m,属水动力较弱的河流堆积。石制品原料多为采自附近阶地的砾石层或桑干河及洞沟河漫滩上的燧石;打片技术分为直接和间接两种,石核和石片全部使用锤击法,间接打片技术主要表现在船形石核的制备和细石叶的剥取上;石器类型包括雕刻器、刮削器及琢背刀。石器组合特征显示该遗址文化面貌属于典型的细石器工业。骨化石~(14)C测年结果为18085±235 BP,属旧石器时代晚期的较晚阶段。二道梁遗址是泥河湾盆地中首次发现的以船形石核作为主要技术类型、且以此为代表的细石器工业遗存,对研究泥河湾盆地乃至中国北方细石器工业不同技术类型、及所蕴含的人类扩散与技术交流等学术问题具有重要意义。     

泥河湾盆地南山边遗址发现的旧石器

南山边遗址位于泥河湾盆地东缘、大田洼台地北缘,于2013年的旧石器调查中发现。随后的试掘中,出土石制品38件,动物化石3件,石制品包括石核、石片、刮削器、残片、断块等,属于中国北方以小石制品为主的主工业类型。石制品位于泥河湾层中下部,根据地层对比,与大长梁地点、小长梁遗址、照坡遗址、葡萄园遗址等属于同一层位,时代相同,由此在台地北缘形成一处面积广阔、时代接近、分布集中的遗址区,为探讨早更新世古人类的活动范围、栖居模式、遗址功能分析等提供有益线索。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.