Oocysts of Isospora ernsti n. sp. and Isospora blagburni n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the black-capped bulbul,Pycnonotus xanthopygos

Oocysts of Isospora ernsti n. sp. and Isospora blagburni n. sp. are described from the black-capped bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos from Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. The bird came from southwestern Africa seven years earlier. I. ernsti oocysts are ellipsoidal to bluntly ovoid, 28–38 × 23–31m (mean 34 × 28 m) and have a single-layered oocyst wall. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granules are absent. Sporocysts are elongate ovoid, 24–30 × 11–16 m (mean 27×13 m). Stieda and substiedal bodies and sporocyst residuum are present. I. blagburni oocysts are spherical to subspherical. 21–28 × 19–26 m (mean 25 × 23 m) and have a single oocyst wall. Sporocysts are ovoid and 17–23 × 10–13 m (mean 20 × 12 m). Stieda and substiedal bodies and sporocyst residuum are present.     

Kritskyia moraveci n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the urinary bladder and ureters of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Pisces: Pimelodidae) in Brazil

Kritskyia n. g. is proposed for K. moraveci n. sp. from the urinary bladder and ureters of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), a pimelodid fish from the reservoir of the Hydroelectric Power Station of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The new genus is most closely related to Acolpenteron Fischthal & Allison, 1940, from which it differs by having a male copulatory complex composed of a coiled cirrus and a bipartite accessory piece, a sinistral vagina, and an antero-ventrally concave haptor which possesses 14 ventrally directed marginal hooks, but lacks an anterior rim and 4A hooks.Research fellow Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasil.     

Dendromonocotyle lasti n. sp. from the skin and Monocotyle caseyae n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the gills of Himantura sp. (Dasyatidae) in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia

Seven specimens of rays of the genus Himantura which could not be identified to species were collected from waters near Dunwich, Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. The five smallest specimens of Himanturasp. (disc width 218-302 mm; four female, one male) had a banded tail and the dorsal surface was uniformly grey/brown. The two largest individuals of Himantura sp. (disc widths 460, 533 mm; female and male, respectively) also had a banded tail but the grey/brown dorsal surface had white spots. Two new monogenean species (Monocotylidae: Monocotylinae) are described from both the plain and white-spotted specimens of Himantura. Dendromonocotyle lastin. sp. is distinguished from other species in the genus by the number of papillae on the haptor, by the morphology of the male copulatory organ and by the morphology of the proximal portion of the vagina. The muscular sheath which surrounds the male copulatory organ is also unique having sclerotised spines at the distal end. Dendromonocotyle species are skin parasites, but a total of five juvenile specimens of D. lasti were found on the gills of four rays. Monocotyle caseyae n. sp. from the gills is characterised by the morphology of the male copulatory organ and its accessory piece. One specimen of M. spiremae Measures, Beverley-Burton & Williams, 1990, originally described from the gills of Himantura fai Jordan & Seale off Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, was also found on the gills of one Himantura specimen. The site and host-specificity of the parasites and the identity of the hosts are discussed.     

Tylenchorhynchus microconus n.sp., T. crassicaudatus leviterminalis n.subsp. and T. coffeae Siddiqi & Basir, 1959 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)

Summary Tylenchorhynchus microconus n.sp. from around roots of Australian acacia in West Bengal, India has females 0.46–0.65 mm long with coarse body annules, 15–18 m long spear with conus less than half its total length and a short conoid tail (c >1.7–2.8) with 10–15 annules and smooth terminus. T. crassicaudatus leviterminalis n.subsp. differs from T. c. crassicaudatus Williams, 1960 in having a small smooth lip region lacking annules. T. coffeae Siddiqi & Basir, 1959 is fully described from type specimens. ac]19811221     

Ceratomyxa seriolae n. sp. and C. buri n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from the gall-bladder of cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Ceratomyxa seriolae n. sp. and C. buri n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) were found in the gall-bladder of cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel (Carangidae) in Japan. Mature spores of C. seriolae n. sp. were elongate and 6.5 (6.0-7.5) m long and 33.7 (28.0-41.5) m thick. Disporous plasmodia of C. seriolae n. sp., 40-100 m in size, were amoeboid to spherical. C. buri n. sp. were elliptical with a flattened posterior end, 6.5 (5.5-7.5) m long and 14.3 (11.0-16.5) m thick. Spherical plasmodia of C. buri n. sp., 15-20 m in diameter, were disporous. In periodical sampling of yellowtail bile from August, 1999 to February, 2000, the two new species of Ceratomyxa, as well as Myxobolus spirosulcatus Maeno, Sorimachi, Ogawa & Kearn 1995, first appeared in October, and the prevalences were very variable (20-100%) during the study period.     

Parasitic Helminths from Paraguay. I. Sobolevicanthus dlouhyi n.sp. (Cestoda,Hymenoledididae) found in Amazonetta brasiliensis Gmelin

Summary Sobolevicanthus dlouhyi n. sp. is close to S. krabbeella but differs from it firstly by the longer rostellar hooks (83–85 m instead of 56–64 m). The cirrus pouch is shorter in the new species, no longer than the width of the widest proglottis, whereas in S. krabbeella it is twice as long. ac]19810312     

Sobolevicanthus transvaalensis n.sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from the Cape Teal (Anas capensis Gmelin, 1789)

Summary Sobolevicanthus transvaalensis n.sp. is described from the Cape Teal, Anas capensis Gmelin, 1789, collected in the Republic of South Africa. The new species possesses 8 skrjabinoid hooks 78–88 m long (mean 85 m) and a short claviform cirrus-sac 79–143 m long and resembles S. javanensis (Davis, 1945) and S. terraereginae (Johnston, 1913). It can be distinguished from S. javanensis by its shorter cirrus-sac and smaller cirrus diameter, and by differences in the morphology of the accessory sac and vagina and in their position relative to the cirrus-sac. It can be separated from S. terraereginae on the basis of cirrus length and diameter. The basal diameter of the cirrus in S. terraereginae is three times that in S. transvaalensis. ac]19830414     

Pseudomoraria triglavensis gen. n., sp. n. (Copepoda,Harpacticoida) from a high-alpine reservoir in Slovenia

Numerous specimens of Pseudomoraria triglavensis gen.n., sp.n. were collected from small, high-alpine, reservoir Moilec. The reservoir is situated in the centre of Triglav national park (NW Slovenia) at an altitude of 1690 m. The new genus differs from related genera Moraria, Morariopsis and Paramorariopsis by the reduced articulation of exopodites and endopodites in both sexes. It also differs from Moraria by possessing sexually dimorphic furcal rami. Detail taxonomic differences between these related genera and their ecology are discussed.     

Branchinecta belki n. sp. (Branchiopoda: Anostraca), a new fairy shrimp from Mexico,hybridizing withB. packardi Pearse under laboratory conditions

A new fairy shrimp,Branchinecta belki n.sp., endemic to the south of Coahuila state is described and figured. A total of nine species of phyllopods, including the new species, occur in ponds in the type area.The laboratory hybridization ofB. belki andB. packardi through no-choice mating tests in reciprocal crosses is discussed. A mixture of characteristics of parental species is present in male F1 and F2 hybrids. This may provide a biological tool, or search image (sensu Wiman, 1979a), for detecting male hybrids, should such exist, between theBranchinecta species of this study in nature. In addition to the reported interspecific hybridizations inStreptocephalus (Wiman, 1979a & 1979b) and inArtemia (Bowenet al., 1985) under laboratory conditions, the new evidence inBranchinecta suggests that absence of efficient premating mechanisms may be common in Anostraca.     

Three new yeasts;Cryptococcus dimennae,Cryptococcus kutzingii andCryptococcus lactativorus spp. n.

Three new species belonging to the genusCryptococcus have been described.C. kutzingii was among the unidentified strains present in the collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. The type strain had been isolated from a medlar fruit.C. dimennae was isolated by di Menna from pasture plants in New Zealand.C. lactativorus was isolated from Antarctic sea water. All three of the new species lacked the ability to utilize sugars with glucosidic bonds, trehalose excepted.     

Helicoductus thulakoceras n. g., n. sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) parasite de Charadrius marginatus (Aves: Charadrii) d'Afrique du Sud

The authors describe and illustrate Helicoductus thulakoceras n. g., n. sp., a parasite of Charadrius marginatus (Aves: Charadrii) from South Africa. This hymenolepidid cestode is 1.5-3 mm long, with a rostellum armed with 10 diorchoid hooks 75-80 m long (mean 77 m) and anomalous terminal genital ducts. One spine (10-15 m long) is inserted at the ventral extremity of the male genital pouch. An invaginated cirrus is absent. A non-retractable and non-invaginable external tube, 25-30 × 4-2.5 m, appears as a spiral, sclerotinised, spinous canal, which is non-retractable, non-invaginable and directed dorso-ventrally from the genital pouch to a second ventral canal parallel with the male genital pouch; the second canal is thin and spine-like (15-20 × 1.5 m) with a thick hyaline muff. These peculiar anatomical structures are discussed. They are considered to justify the erection of a new genus.     

Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii breve n. subsp. from Chiroptera

Summary Study of deoxyribonucleic acid buoyant densities, enzymic electrophoretic mobilities and morphology in vitro of two stocks of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) species from Myotis blythii oxygnathus (Chiroptera) in southern France led to the identification of T. (S.) dionisii breve n. subsp. It was differentiated from the nominate subspecies by the relative shortness of the long trypomastigotes developing in vitro (mean length 16.6±0.21 m, compared with 19–21 m), the presence of a smaller proportion of the deoxyribonucleic acid as satellite C, and different isoenzyme electrophoretic mobilities.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.     

Myxobolus spirosulcatus n. sp. (Myxosporea,Bivalvulida) infecting the bile duct of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata from Japan

Myxobolus spirosulcatus n. sp. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida), infecting the cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, is described. M. spirosulcatus n. sp. was found in the bile duct of yellowtails collected in the southern part of Japan during June 1990. The plasmodium of the new species has various shapes and contains a vegetative form plus maturing and mature spores. Mature spores, on average, measure 8.9 m in length, 7.8 m in width and 6.7 m in thickness. The unique morphological characteristics of the new species are spiral furrows in the peripheral part of the spore valves.     

Davisia hexagrammi n. sp. (Myxosporea: Sinuolineidae) parasitic in the urinary bladder of marine fishes from the coasts of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay,China

A new species of myxosporean (Sinuolineidae), Davisia hexagrammi n. sp. from marine fishes collected from the coasts off Qingdao (Tsingtao) and Rongcheng on the Yellow Sea coast and Laizhou Bay, China, is described. Both spores and plasmodia were found in the urinary bladder of two hosts, Hexagrammos otakii Jordan & Starks and Agrammus agrammus (Temminck & Schlegel). The diagnostic features of D. hexagrammi n. sp. are: trophozoite monosporous or disporous; spore body spherical, 9.5-10.5 (9.9±0.5)× 10-12 (10.8±1.0) m in size and with a straight or slightly sinuous sutural line; two shell valves each with one long, hollow lateral appendage of 44-59 (52.4±6.9) m in length; two spherical polar capsules arranged anteriorly, well-separated from each other and 3.5-4 (3.8±0.2) m in diameter, coelozic; marine habitat.     

Bisbalia vossi n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), a filarial worm from a geomyoid rodent,Heteromys anomalus,in Venezuela

Bisbalia vossi n. g., n. sp. is described from Heteromys anomalus (Rodentia: Geomyoidea: Heteromyidae) in northern Venezuela (Aragua). The filariae were found in a membranous pocket in the pleural cavity, and almost all had ingested red blood cells of their host. The morphology of this onchocercine species is highly evolved (advanced reduction of head and caudal papillae; short undivided oesophagus). Its very short microfilariae (60 m) and the shape of the tail of the female (two terminal median pairs of bosses) suggest that this species could be derived from Ackertia Vaz, 1934, a South American genus parasitic in caviomorph rodents which is related to the Dipetalonema-line, but Ackertia has several pairs of precloacal papillae, which are absent in the new genus. In North America, where the geomyoid rodents originated and diversified, the two previously described filarial species differ from this new material and show affinities with Old World bat parasites (Litomosa van Beneden, 1871).     

A new myxosporean,Zschokkella leptatherinae n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxidiidae), from the hepatic ducts and gall-bladder of Australian marine fishes

A new myxosporean,Zschokkella leptatherinae n. sp., was found in the hepatic ducts and gall bladder of five atherinid fish species,Leptatherina presbyteroides, Atherinosoma microstoma, Kestratherina brevirostris, K. esox andK. hepsetoides, collected at Dru Point, Margate in south-eastern Tasmania, Australia. This species has a round, ellipsoid or irregular plasmodium. The plasmodium is enclosed by a surface membrane and the cytoplasm is composed of an outer homogeneous ectoplasm and an inner coarse endoplasm with large clear areas, numerous vacuoles and spores which differentiate in the central area of the endoplasm. The characteristic metrical data of the myxosporean are as follows: spores 15.3 × 11.8 m; polar capsules 3.9 × 3.4 m. This is the thirdZschokkella species reported from Australia.     

Papillonema danieli gen. et sp.n. and Papillonema clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. (Nematoda,Desmodoridae) from the Ceriops mangrove sediments of Gazi Bay,Kenya

A new genus, Papillonema gen.n., is erected to accomodate the two species P. danieli gen. et sp. n. and P. clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. from intertidal sediments of a tropical mangrove. Papillonema gen.n. is characterized by prominent papilliform labial sensillae, an elongate muscular terminal bulb (up to 60% of pharyngeal length), and three precloacal supplements. Comments are given on the use of the terms head capsule, head region, and cervical setae.Abbreviations a: body length divided by maximum body diameter - abd: anal body diameter - amph %: diameter of the amphid as a percentage of the corresponding head diameter - aw: amphidial width - b: body length divided by pharyngeal length - bdcs: body diameter at level of the cephalic setae - bdnr: body diameter at level of nerve ring - c: body length divided by tail length - cs: length of cephalic setae - da: distance from anterior to anus - dcs: distance from anterior edge to cephalic setae - dnr: distance from anterior edge to nerve ring - dv: distance from anterior to vulva - gub: length of the gubernaculum - hw: head width - L: body length - Isp: length of sperm cells - mbd: maximum body diameter - mbd ph: body diameter at level of pharynx - ph: pharyngeal length - spic: length of spicules measured along the arc - t: tail length - tmr: length of non-annulated tail end - V: position of vulva as a percentage of the total body length from anterior - wsp: width of sperm cells     

Gyrodactylus neili n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae), a parasite of chain pickerel Esox niger Lesueur (Esocidae) from freshwaters of New Brunswick, Canada

Gyrodactylus neili n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) is described from the fins and body surface of Esox niger Lesueur (chain pickerel) (Esocidae) from the St. Croix River drainage, New Brunswick, Canada. G.␣neili n. sp. resembles most closely G. fryi Cone & Dechtiar, 1984, a parasite of E. masquinongy in North America, in having relatively large thin hamuli, well-developed marginal hook sickles with a relatively long, wide blade and short handle, a ventral bar with small antero-lateral processes and tongue-shaped membrane, and a cirrus with many small spines in two rows. The new species is easily separated from G. fryi by the length of the hamuli (70-76 m versus 92 m, respectively), by the distal width of the sickle (7–9 versus 14-16 m, respectively) and by subtle differences in the shape of the toe and heel of the marginal hook sickle. Sequence data (922 bp) of rDNA (internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 5.8S) of G. neili n. sp. returned no identical matches in GenBank. The 5.8 sequence alone, however, was identical to morphologically similar gyrodactylids of the subgenus Gyrodactylus from cyprinid fishes in Eurasia. The discovery of G. neili n. sp. and features of its genetic makeup support the idea that this lineage parasitised ancestral cyprinids and that it radiated, possibly through predator/prey interactions, to an ancestor of contemporary Esox. It is concluded that DNA comparison of monogeneans on Holarctic freshwater hosts, such as E.␣lucius, may shed light on the nature of speciation of these parasites.