2011-2015年度国家自然科学基金微生物学学科项目申请与资助情况分析

本文总结了国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部微生物学学科2011-2015年度各类项目的申请和资助概况,统计分析了五年来项目依托单位和主要研究方向的变化情况,并从鼓励学科交叉、优化资助格局和加强人才培养的角度对微生物学科资助方向进行展望,以期为微生物学领域的科研工作者提供参考。     

2009-2018年度国家自然科学基金医学病原微生物与感染领域细菌相关项目申请与资助情况分析

本文对2009—2018年度国家自然科学基金医学病原微生物与感染领域细菌相关项目申请与资助情况进行回顾和分析,介绍面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金的申请数量、资助项目数量及资助率,并对申请代码、依托单位情况进行总结,进一步探讨医学病原微生物与感染领域细菌相关项目的特点及存在的问题。     

2008—2017年度国家自然科学基金医学病原微生物与感染领域肝炎病毒相关项目申请与资助情况分析

本文对2008—2017年申请国家自然科学基金及获得资助的医学病原微生物与感染科学领域肝炎病毒相关项目进行回顾分析,介绍面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金项目的申请数量、资助项目数量及资助强度,并对医学病原微生物与感染科学领域肝炎病毒相关项目的特点及存在的问题进行分析。     

2016年度国家自然科学基金微生物学学科项目申请与资助概况分析

摘要:本文介绍了2016年度国家自然科学基金微生物学学科项目申请、受理和资助概况,分析了各分支学科和各项目类别申请的特点和存在的问题,并对今后微生物学学科资助方向进行了展望,希望能够为本学科科研人员今后的项目申请提供有益参考。     

美国国家科学基金会资助植物基因组研究现状及展望

简要回顾了美国国家科学基金会资助植物基因组研究的情况,包括研究方向和进展,资助项目特点和存在的问题等,并对2002件度的资助计划进行了展望。     

科学出版社新书

《2011年度国家自然科学基金项目指南》国家自然科学基金委员会编著《2011年度国家自然科学基金项目指南》(简称《指南》)的出版,体现国家自然科学基金的"公开、公平、公正"原则,使广大科技工作者更好地了解国家自然科学基金的资助政策和各类项目的资助内容及要求。《指南》阐述了2011年申请须知和限项申请规定、研究领域或研究方向,指导申请人自主选题、申请自然科学基金的资助。     

1988～2011年国家自然科学基金真菌病学资助项目分析及文献复习

目的通过分析1988～2011年国家自然科学基金对真菌病学的资助情况和复习相关文献总结国内真菌病学领域1988～2011年的热点问题及研究现状。方法访问国家自然科学基金ISIS系统C0107、H1104、H1903,检索1988～2011年真菌病学获得国家自然基金资助的项目总数,并对其进行统计分析。结果 1988～2011年真菌病学获得国家自然科学基金资助项目共计95项,每年的资助项目数逐步上升,面上项目和青年基金项目为资助主体。1988～2011年国家自然科学基金对真菌病学的各个研究方向都有项目资助。排在前3位的分别是:隐球菌、念珠菌、曲霉,发表了很多有价值的文章。结论 1988～2011年真菌病学在国家自然科学基金的引领下取得了长足的进步与发展。     

2006~2010年度国家自然科学基金微生物学科项目资助情况分析与展望

本文介绍了2006-2010年国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部微生物学学科面上类、重点和国家杰出青年科学基金项目的资助概况,分析了三类科学基金资助的分支学科分布、依托单位和研究领域状况,对"十二·五"期间国家自然科学基金资助微生物学学科的重点资助方向进行了展望,以期为从事微生物学研究的科技工作者提供参考。     

国家自然科学基金动物学科资助昆虫生理学项目综述

昆虫生理学是昆虫学分支学科中发展最快的学科之一。本文对国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部动物学科成立20多年以来昆虫生理学项目的资助情况进行了分析, 截止2009年, 昆虫生理学面上项目共资助92项, 占总资助项目1 208项的7.62%; 青年基金共资助16项, 占总资助项目132项的12.12%; 资助重点项目10项。目前, 我国昆虫生理学基础研究的发展已经从组织、 细胞水平深入到分子和基因水平。昆虫的基因组学, 昆虫发育的功能基因及激素调控, 寄主植物、 昆虫、 天敌三者之间的协同进化, 昆虫免疫及其机制等将是昆虫生理学的发展趋势。未来我国昆虫生理学研究应在研究方向、 人才队伍建设、 国际合作以及发挥基金的引领作用等几个方面有所加强。     

"九五"期间NSFC资助的抗炎免疫药理学主要研究方向

作者全面总结了“九五”期间国家自然科学基金委员会对我国抗炎免疫药是学研究资助的情况,分析了资助项目的主要研究方向;提出了该分支学科研究和发展的一些建议。     

Tables and Procedures for the Determination of Power and Sample Sizes in Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Variance and Regression

The available power tables for use in experimental design only serve for limited practical purposes, since they are restricted to very few levels of significance such as .01, .05, and .10. With these values, however, usually no correction for cumulating error probabilities, for example, by the Dunn-Bonferroni method, can be achieved, because (very) low values of a and sometimes even of α are necessary. Therefore, power tables are presented that encompass a wide range of different values for a (.0005 to .40), for power (.50 to .9995), and for 45 different values of the degrees of freedom for the numerator of the F ratio (u = 1 to 150). Four of the 16 tables are printed. Their use is demonstrated for some paradigmatic problems in univariate and multivariate analyses of variance and regression.     

Equilibrium and kinetics of the unfolding and refolding of Escherichia coli Malate Synthase G monitored by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy

The equilibrium and kinetics studies of an 82 kDa large monomeric Escherichia coli protein Malate Synthase G (MSG) was investigated by far and near-UV CD, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. We find that despite of its large size, folding is reversible, in vitro. Equilibrium unfolding process of MSG exhibited three-state transition thus, indicating the presence of at least a stable equilibrium intermediate. Thermodynamic parameters suggest this intermediate resembles the unfolded state. However, the equilibrium intermediate exhibits pronounced secondary structure as measured by far-UV CD, partial tertiary structure as delineated by near-UV CD, compactness (m value) and exposed hydrophobic surface area as assessed by ANS binding, typically depicting a molten globule state. The stopped-flow kinetic data provide clear evidence for the presence of a burst phase during the refolding pathway due to the formation of an early Intermediate, within the dead time of the instrument. Refolding from 4 M to various lower concentrations until 0.4 M of GdnHCl follow biphasic kinetics at lower concentrations of GdnHCl (<0.8 M), whereas monophasic kinetics at concentrations above 1.5 M. Also, rollover in the refolding and unfolding limbs of chevron plot verifies the presence of a fast kinetic intermediate at lower concentration of GdnHCl. Based upon the above observations we hereby propose the folding pathway of a large multi-domain protein Malate Synthase G.     

光学量,光子量和单位在激光生物学中的应用

激光生物学是光子学和生物学相结合的交叉边缘学科,根据《光及有关电磁辐射的量和单位》国际标准（ＩＳＯ／ＤＩＳ３１－６,１９９０）和我国国家标准（ＧＢ３１０２．６,１９９３）,本文讨论了在激光生物学中常用的光学量、光子量和单位。     

Analysis of telomeric DNA: Current approaches and methods

Terminal parts of linear chromosomes in eukaryotes are represented by telomeric DNA and associated proteins. Length, sequence and structure are the major parameters of telomeric DNA. The present review describes a set of molecular, cellular and genetic methods used to study the parameters of telomeric DNA.     

Environmental exposure to cadmium and factors affecting trace-element metabolism and metal toxicity

In the general population, food constitutes the major environmental source of cadmium (Cd) in nonsmokers. It is established that leafy vegetables, roots, and grains (wheat or rice) can accumulate relatively high amounts of Cd from the soil. Beef liver and kidney and shellfish are also major dietary sources of Cd. The daily intake of Cd in various parts of the world is different and depends on both the dietary habits and concentration of Cd in foodstuffs. Because of the long biological half-life of Cd in humans and absence of any specific indicators of its toxicity, the environmental exposure of Cd should be monitored in various countries. Although environmental Cd poisoning is rare, there are isolated reports on excessive exposure to Cd in Japan and Shipham, a zinc-mining town in England. The body retention and toxicity of Cd depends on various factors, such as daily intake, the form of Cd in food, its interactions with essential elements, and nutritional status of the population. Since kidney is considered a critical organ in Cd toxicity, the indicators of renal dysfunction have been widely used for evaluation of Cd poisoning in occupationally exposed people. It is unclear whether similar indicators can be used for monitoring environmental Cd exposure.     

害虫区域性生态调控的理论、方法及实践

本文在分析害虫生态调控的生态学基础上 ,论述了害虫区域性生态调控的原理与方法 ,并以华北棉田害虫管理实践为例 ,介绍了害虫区域性生态调控的实施过程     

Enhanced ototoxicity of gentamicin and salicylate caused by Mg deficiency and Zn deficiency

In rats, Mg deficiency caused a moderate hearing loss, measured by means of evoked potentials at 10 and 20 kHz, which was repaired after refeeding a normal diet. Application of 700 mg/kg salicylic acid or injection of 5×100 mg/kg gentamicin also caused a reversible hearing loss in normally fed rats. Treatment of Zn-deficient rats with salicylic acid produced a stronger although reversible hearing loss than in normally fed salicylate-treated rats. Treatment of Mg-deficient rats with gentamicin induced a strong hearing loss that was nearly complete and irreversible in 9 of 25 rats.     

植物的水容特征与其耐旱性的关系

在自然风晾条件下,研究了不同植物器官的相对含水量、水势及比水容之间的相互关系。结果表明：植物叶片阻止体内蒸腾失水的能力大小顺序依次为：花生（Arrachishypogaea）＞甘薯（Ipomoeabatatas）＞大豆（Glycinemax）＞玉米（Zeamays）,各植物茎的保水能力相差不大;甘薯的茎、叶在风晾4h后仍未永久凋萎,其他植物的茎、叶在风晾1～3h就出现永久凋萎;花生、甘薯、大豆和玉米叶片风晚3～4h后,其水势的下降幅度分别为：1．00,1．30,1．80和2．70mPa,花生、甘薯、大豆茎的水势下降幅度分别为：1．95,1.40和1．30mPa;植物茎、叶的水势与其相对含水量具有较好的对数关系;植株茎、叶的比水客值范围在0．0258～0．6835mPa-1之间,叶片的比水容大于茎的比水容。因此,植物的水容特征表明不同植物茎、叶的保水、释水能力不同,因而其耐旱、抗旱性不同。玉米和大豆的耐旱性小于花生、甘薯的耐旱性。     

Enzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides

Phosphorylation plays an important role in regulation of living functions of organisms; phosphorylation may significantly alter chemical properties of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Canonical kinases catalyze transfer of terminal phosphate group from ATP (or other NTPs) to specific nucleophilic groups of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. Recently, unique kinases, catalytically active antibodies (abzymes) phosphorylating proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides have also been discovered. This review highlights biological functions and enzymatic characteristics of canonical kinases and abzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides.