基于几何形态学的北二星蝽种内形态差异分析(半翅目:蝽科)（英文）

【目的】北二星蝽Eysarcoris aeneus是一种广泛分布于古北区的重要农业害虫,可危害多种经济作物。其刺肩型和钝肩型前胸背板后侧角长度存在差异,暗示其种内变异的存在。【方法】基于几何形态学的多元回归分析(multivariate regression)、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、典型变量分析(canonical variate analysis,CVA)和判别函数分析(discriminant function analysis,DFA),对采集于中国19个地区的142头标本(98头北二星蝽标本和44头作为外群的广二星蝽E. ventralis标本)的前翅、后翅、头和小盾片4个性状进行分析比较,研究北二星蝽钝肩型和刺肩型之间的形态变异。【结果】对于所研究的4个性状来说,北二星蝽钝肩型和刺肩型标本间均未检测到异速生长的存在。主成分分析中,钝肩型和刺肩型的标本均有重叠,典型变量分析则显示它们之间存在显著差异(马氏距离和普氏距离的P值均小于0. 01)。判别函数分析显示,依据这4个性状两型样本间的正确判别率在67%～89%之间。【结论】结果表明,前翅、后翅、头和小盾片都可以作为北二星蝽钝肩型和刺肩型之间形态变异的评价指标,小盾片特征具有最高水平的鉴别价值;对于所研究的这4个性状来说,北二星蝽钝肩型和刺肩型之间都表现出显著的形状差异,而它们的质心距离差异不显著,说明相对于体型大小差异分析,形状差异分析能更灵敏地揭示谱系间的变异。本研究表明几何形态学可以有效地描述北二星蝽的种内形态变异,为蝽类昆虫种内变异的研究奠定了基础。     

光肩星天牛两型种群表型多样性分析

【目的】光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky)是国内最重要的林木蛀干害虫之一,在中国分布范围较广。近年来,形态学以及分子生物学的研究表明,光肩星天牛与黄斑星天牛A.nobilis(Ganglbauer)很可能是同一种的不同型。定量研究光肩星天牛两型的差异与表型多样性。【方法】作者以光肩星天牛的20个地理种群的光肩星天牛分布区为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析和聚类分析对其头长、头后缘宽、前胸后缘宽等13个表型性状进行多样性分析。【结果】表型特征在群体间与群体内均存在着广泛的变异,13个性状的平均表型分化系数为11.78%,群体内变异是其表型性状变异的主要来源;后翅长度与经度呈极显著负相关,与海拔极显著正相关以及与年降水量呈显著负相关。体长与鞘翅斑纹颜色与海拔高度分别呈显著正相关和负相关关系;在不同地理种群中,鞘翅斑纹颜色的分化系数达到最大,为50.53%;而以鞘翅斑纹颜色分类的两型差异显示各性状的表型分化系数均大幅度降低。【结论】本研究首次将鞘翅斑纹的颜色进行数字化处理,并进行分类,结果显示各个颜色类群的分化系数均大幅度减小,说明颜色类群之间的分化要小于地理隔离所造成的差异,进一步验证了光肩星天牛与黄斑星天牛为同一种的不同型。     

基于DNA条形码的中国普缘蝽属分类研究(半翅目:异翅亚目)

通过扩增中国普缘蝽属Plinachtus Stl(半翅目:异翅亚目:缘蝽科)已知的4个种:刺肩普缘蝽P.dissimilis Hsiao,1964,钝肩普缘蝽P.bicoloripes Scott,1874,黑普缘蝽P.acicularis(Fabricius,1803)和棕普缘蝽P.basalis(Westwood,1842)的COI(1338bp)序列,计算其种间/种内的遗传距离,并进行基于距离法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法的分析,结果均支持将刺肩普缘蝽和钝肩普缘蝽合并为1个种。     

宽广蜡蝉属及广翅蜡蝉属前翅几何形态学分析

【目的】对目前存在争议的宽广蜡蝉属Pochazia和广翅蜡蝉属Ricania代表种的前翅形态特征进行研究,为这2个近缘属的属征厘定和种的合理归属提供更多信息。【方法】选取宽广蜡蝉属和广翅蜡蝉属共10种169头标本,每个标本前翅选取9个同源标点和前翅外轮廓(由60个半标点组成),采用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和典型变量分析(canonical variate analysis, CVA)方法,对前翅翅脉和翅轮廓进行量化分析,探讨这2个属的翅形变化规律。【结果】在对宽广蜡蝉属和广翅蜡蝉属10个代表种的前翅分析中,前3个主成分、典型变量分别能解释翅脉和翅轮廓74.945%和88.096%的变异,明确了CuA脉分叉点是变异度较高的位点,翅外缘、翅前缘和翅后缘端半部均有较高变异度;这2个属PCA中第1主成分方向上离散度高,印证了CuA脉分叉点、翅外缘、翅前缘和翅后缘端半部形状可作为属间分类依据;种间CVA中10个代表种聚集度良好,种间离散度较高,基于马氏距离显著性分析显示差异非常显著。【结论】几何形态学分析可用于宽广蜡蝉属和广翅蜡蝉属分类,但...     

稻田穗期主要捕食性天敌对两种盲蝽集团内捕食的初步研究

【目的】集团内捕食是影响农业系统广食性天敌对靶标害虫控制作用的重要因素,全面揭示稻田广食性天敌对稻飞虱重要天敌黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter和中华淡翅盲蝽Tytthus chinensis(St?l)(半翅目:盲蝽科)的集团内捕食作用有助于更好地保护利用天敌。【方法】建立以两种盲蝽为猎物对象的种特异性二重定量PCR系统,检测比较不同抗性品种穗期田间主要捕食者对两种盲蝽的集团内捕食作用。【结果】(1)本研究建立的二重定量PCR具有的物种专化性,两种检测靶标灵敏度高且相似,可用于田间捕食者猎物分析;(2)感虫水稻品种上捕食者对盲蝽的捕食强度高于抗性水稻品种;不同种类捕食者对盲蝽的集团内捕食强度有显著差异;捕食者对黑肩绿盲蝽集团内捕食强度显著高于中华淡翅盲蝽。【结论】捕食性盲蝽在稻田生态系统遭遇集团内捕食,其集团内捕食强度与水稻品种抗性、捕食者种类和猎物丰富度有关。     

军配盲蝽对五种网蝽捕食作用研究

【目的】网蝽科Tingidae害虫严重危害我国农林经济作物,盲蝽科Miridae昆虫作为该虫的主要天敌类群之一,对网蝽害虫的绿色防控具重要意义。为明确军配盲蝽Stethoconus japonicus(Schumacher)雌、雄成虫对5种重要网蝽害虫的控害潜能,评价其生防潜力。【方法】在恒定条件(温度(26±1)℃,相对湿度70%±5%,L︰D=14︰10)下研究了军配盲蝽雌、雄成虫对茶网蝽Stephanitis chinensis(Drake)、梨网蝽S.nashi(EsakietTakeya)、桂花网蝽Eteoneussigillatus(Drakeet Poor)、入侵害虫菊方翅网蝽Corythucha marmorata(Uhler)和悬铃木方翅网蝽C. ciliate(Say)成虫的捕食选择性及捕食作用。【结果】军配盲蝽雌、雄虫对5种网蝽捕食选择率大小依次为茶网蝽悬铃木方翅网蝽梨网蝽菊方翅网蝽桂花网蝽,且雌虫比雄虫选择偏好性更强;军配盲蝽对5种网蝽的平均捕食量存在显著性差异,雌虫较雄虫平均捕食量大;军配盲蝽雌、雄虫对5种网蝽的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型,对茶网蝽捕食效能a'/Th最高,最大日捕食量1/Th,分别为36.2和28.6头,其次为悬铃木方翅网蝽,而对桂花网蝽捕食效能最低,最大日捕食25.4和18.7头。【结论】军配盲蝽成虫对5种网蝽均具有较好的控害潜能,对茶网蝽和入侵害虫悬铃木方翅网蝽有较强的选择偏好性和捕食效能,研究为准确评价军配盲蝽捕食网蝽的生防潜能提供了理论依据。     

基于MaxEnt模型的两种捕食性盲蝽潜在分布区及其适生性分析

【目的】为了预测和分析稻飞虱的两种重要捕食性天敌中华淡翅盲蝽Tytthus chinensis和黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis的潜在分布区,研究气候环境因素对其潜在分布的影响。【方法】Max Ent是以最大熵理论为基础的预测物种地理分布的模型,本文运用Max Ent模型,根据这两种盲蝽的已知分布区及其气候环境影响因素,推测这两种盲蝽的适生性分布及气候环境因素的影响。【结果】中华淡翅盲蝽主要适宜分布区域为中国秦岭-淮河以南地区、东北亚的朝鲜半岛和日本、东南亚以及菲律宾和印度尼西亚群岛部分地区,即东洋区和大洋区北部群岛;黑肩绿盲蝽适宜分布区比中华淡翅盲蝽更广,可达山东、河北以南,陕西、云南、贵州以东的中国大部地区,海外除中华淡翅盲蝽分布区外,也可分布于南美亚马逊雨林地区。研究还发现,最热季度降雨量、平均日温差对中华淡翅盲蝽、黑肩绿盲蝽适宜性分布有重要影响;夏季降雨量大于500 mm、平均日温差低于10℃,有利于这两种盲蝽的分布。【结论】两种捕食性盲蝽适宜生境主要受最热季度降雨量、平均日温差影响。本研究为发挥这两种捕食性盲蝽在害虫生物防治中的作用提供了重要依据。     

刺猎蝽属种间转录组比较分析

【目的】建立刺猎蝽属Sclomina 3种的转录组数据库,分析近缘种间转录组表达差异,探讨在转录组水平的种间趋异情况。【方法】采用Illumina HiSeq^TM4000高通量测序平台进行刺猎蝽属齿缘刺猎蝽S.erinacea、兴仁刺猎蝽S.xingrensis和广西刺猎蝽S.guangxiensis 3种转录组测序;利用Nr, Swiss-Prot, COG/KOG和KEGG数据库进行基因功能注释;对种间差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)进行GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集分析。【结果】齿缘刺猎蝽、兴仁刺猎蝽和广西刺猎蝽转录组测序组装获得42 215个unigenes。21 117个基因在上述4个数据库中得到注释(各数据库注释基因数为：Nr, 20 522; Swiss-Prot, 15 550; COG/KOG, 13 969; KEGG,10 850)。兴仁刺猎蝽vs齿缘刺猎蝽转录组有3 390个DEGs (803个上调,2 587个下调),兴仁刺猎蝽vs广西刺猎蝽转录组有12 543个DEGs (6 63...     

栎方翅网蝽Corythucha arcuata(Say)在中国的潜在适生区预测

【目的】栎方翅网蝽是栎树上的一种重要害虫,自21世纪入侵意大利以来,迅速在欧洲地区暴发成灾。本文旨在探明栎方翅网蝽入侵中国的风险性。【方法】利用MaxEnt生态位模型预测栎方翅网蝽在中国的潜在适生区,分析栎方翅网蝽入侵、定殖和扩散的可能性。【结果】栎方翅网蝽入侵中国并在中国黄河长江中下游平原定殖和扩散的风险性极高,高度适生区包括重庆市、安徽省、湖北省、河南省、浙江省、湖南省、贵州省和四川省。通过分析环境因子重要性表明,最冷季度平均温度是影响栎方翅网蝽适应区的最关键环境变量;年平均温度、等温性和最干季度平均温度是影响栎方翅网蝽适应区分布的主要环境因素。【结论】栎方翅网蝽在我国定殖扩散风险高,建议植物检疫部门加强栎方翅网蝽的监控,并将栎方翅网蝽列入中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录。     

茶翅蝽对猕猴桃果实的为害研究

【目的】茶翅蝽Halyomorpha halys St?l是为害猕猴桃果实的重要害虫，且为害日益加重。本研究主要为明确茶翅蝽取食为害后的特征、果实的敏感易受害阶段及果实受害后的品质变化。【方法】利用田间网罩试验，研究茶翅蝽取食不同发育阶段的猕猴桃果实的受害特征、果实受害率、每果受害点的数量及受害果实品质。【结果】生长发育阶段的果实受茶翅蝽刺吸为害后，果实表面为绿色或者白色水浸状斑点，受害斑点在果实的各个部位均有发生。其中94.39%为绿色斑点，0.71%为白色斑点，4.90%为绿色与白色斑点混合发生；果实在6月和7月的受害率最高为100%，且在7月受害程度最重，平均每果达到26.00个受害点；受害果实与未受害果实的长、宽、重、硬度、含糖量和干物质含量均未发现显著差异。成熟后的猕猴桃果实受茶翅蝽为害后表现为白色受害点，随着存放时间的增加，受害点的范围逐渐扩大并转变为絮状的腐烂组织，而未受害果实则无明显变化。【结论】猕猴桃坐果伊始便可受茶翅蝽为害，且持续整个生长发育阶段，其中在较快生长阶段（7月）受害水平最高，成熟后的猕猴桃果实如果保护不及时受到茶翅蝽为害后会缩短贮存期。     

Further geometric morphometric analysis on the genus Eysarcoris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from China

Further geometric morphometric analysis of the genus Eysarcoris was done based on the former studies to classified the nine Eysarcoris species from China.In this study,six characters,such as forewing,hindwing,pygophore,head,pronotum and scutellum,were selected to investigate the shape variation of Eysarcoris.Significant divergence in the shapes of the six characters was observed among the species (p ＜ 0.05).For all methods,phenetic similarity based on the six characters agrees with the current status of the genus.The cluster analysis of eight species are consistent with the traditional morphological studies.CVA analysis also shows that the values of the six characters are not equal in taxonomy.Pygophore,forewing,hindwing and pronotum play more important roles in the classification.     

Geometric morphometric analysis of Eysarcoris guttiger,E.annamita and E.ventralis (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

The genus Eysarcoris can be easily distinguished from other genera through the two spots in the basal angle of the scutellum.Nevertheless,Eysarcoris species show complex variances.Geometric morphometric methods have been increasingly applied to distinguish species and to define the boundary of genera among insects.In the present study,geometric morphometric approach was firstly employed to evaluate the shape variation of three characters (fore wing,hind wing and pygophore) of E.guttiger,E.annamita and E.ventralis using E.aeneus as outgroup to ascertain whether this approach is a reliable method for the taxonomy of Eysarcoris.Analysis was conducted on the landmarks of the three characters of these species.Multivariate regression of procrustes coordinates against centroid size was conducted to test the presence of allometry.Principal component analysis (PCA),canonical variate analysis (CVA)and cluster analysis were utilized to describe variations in shapes among the studied species.For all of the three characters,though PCA analysis showed some overlap among species,p-values for procrustes distance and mahalanobis distance were all less than 0.0001.The distribution of the three studied species corresponds with their species status.This study demonstrates that the geometric morphometrics of both the fore wing and the hind wing might represent a possible tool for the identification of species within this genus.     

中国白星花金龟地理变异的几何形态学分析及其新疆种群的入侵来源推断

【目的】定量比较中国及周边国家地区白星花金龟 Protaetia (Liocola) brevitarsis 不同地理种群的形态差异,重点探索新疆种群与其他地区种群间的形态差异,为植物保护和生产活动提供指导,丰富微进化理论。【方法】基于几何形态学的主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA）和典型变量分析（canonical variate analysis, CVA）方法,对国内外30个地区共700头白星花金龟的鞘翅和前胸背板进行分析比较,研究白星花金龟不同地理种群的形态变异。【结果】白星花金龟前胸背板和鞘翅形态变异主成分分析中,新疆标本都明显聚在一起,但同时与新疆周边省份标本有部分重叠,与远离新疆省市有少部分重叠。新疆标本和南方地区种群标本明显分离。在各地区种群形态差异显著性检验中,基于马氏距离（Mahalanobis distance）和普氏距离（Procrustes distance）分析显示,新疆白星花金龟与远离新疆地区标本的前胸背板和鞘翅在马氏距离和普氏距离上均为显著性差异,而与其他地区标本的前胸背板和鞘翅的差异上,并非总是显著性差异。【结论】证实了前胸背板和鞘翅上的白斑可以作为白星花金龟地理种群变异的评价指标。就新疆白星花金龟而言,地理距离在一定程度上与形态距离相吻合。我们推测新疆白星花金龟是通过青海省北部以外的宁夏、内蒙古和甘肃三省入侵到新疆自治区,或者与上述三省该害虫的入侵来源一致。本研究所呈现的研究方式,在丰富微进化理论方面具有广阔的前景,且有望丰富分子生态地理学的研究内涵。     

优雅蝈螽精子形成过程中核的形态结构变化观察（英文）

【目的】螽斯精子结构复杂,具有特征性的箭头状顶体,是研究昆虫精子形成的理想材料。为了研究螽斯精子形成过程中的动态变化机制,特别是细胞核的凝集机制和箭头状顶体的发生机制,本研究对优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa精细胞和精子的细胞核进行了观察。【方法】选择发育良好的优雅蝈螽成虫精巢为研究材料,利用透射电镜技术、普通光学显微镜和荧光显微镜技术,制作光镜切片和电镜切片进行观察。【结果】根据其形态结构变化特征,将优雅蝈螽精子形成过程中的细胞核分为4个阶段：圆形核、叶形核、柱状核和成熟阶段。我们还通过常规HE染色,结合DNA特异性荧光探针DAPI,证明了圆形核时期,精细胞内具有两个明显的球状结构,一个为细胞核,另一个是原顶体;精子成熟阶段,精子尾部排出的细胞质微滴中含有DNA。【结论】优雅蝈螽精子形成过程中,精细胞的细胞核经历了显著的形态变化,精细胞核的形态变化与细胞骨架微管相关,细胞核塑形伴随着染色质的重组。本研究为进一步阐明直翅目昆虫精子形成的分子机制奠定了基础。     

Geometric morphometric study of populations of the social wasp,Polistes dominulus (Christ, 1791) from Zanjan province,north‐west Iran

Abstract

We analysed morphological variation among 17 forewing characters within five populations of the paper wasp, Polistes dominulus, in Iran. The raw planar coordinate data were aligned using geometric and mathematical calculations in Kendall's shape space. After transfer of the data to a linear Euclidean space, i.e., tangent space, multi‐variate analysis of 135 images of forewings were made using their geometric morphometric characters (30 in the forewings). We observed a direct correlation between morphological characters and the geographically easiest travel distance along river valleys and mountain ranges.     

Colour pattern homology and evolution in Vanessa butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalini): eyespot characters

Ocelli are serially repeated colour patterns on the wings of many butterflies. Eyespots are elaborate ocelli that function in predator avoidance and deterrence as well as in mate choice. A phylogenetic approach was used to study ocelli and eyespot evolution in Vanessa butterflies, a genus exhibiting diverse phenotypes among these serial homologs. Forty‐four morphological characters based on eyespot number, arrangement, shape and the number of elements in each eyespot were defined and scored. Ocelli from eight wing cells on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the forewing and hindwing were evaluated. The evolution of these characters was traced over a phylogeny of Vanessa based on 7750 DNA base pairs from 10 genes. Our reconstruction predicts that the ancestral Vanessa had 5 serially arranged ocelli on all four wing surfaces. The ancestral state on the dorsal forewing and ventral hindwing was ocelli arranged in two heterogeneous groups. On the dorsal hindwing, the ancestral state was either homogenous or ocelli arranged in two heterogeneous groups. On the ventral forewing, we determined that the ancestral state was organized into three heterogeneous groups. In Vanessa, almost all ocelli are individuated and capable of independent evolution relative to other colour patterns except for the ocelli in cells ?1 and 0 on the dorsal and ventral forewings, which appear to be constrained to evolve in parallel. The genus Vanessa is a good model system for the study of serial homology and the interaction of selective forces with developmental architecture to produce diversity in butterfly colour patterns.     

台湾海峡晚更新世人类肱骨化石

产自台湾海峡海底的人类右肱骨石化程度高; 个体大而粗壮 ,三角肌粗隆发育 ,骨干上下两半段不在同一纵轴上 ,形成 6 5°的夹角 ,这些显示不同于新石器时代和现代人的原始性状 ,其演化水平和日本的港川人及欧洲的克罗马农人相当。与人化石一同捞出的哺乳动物化石有古菱齿象、野马、最后鬣狗、达氏四不像鹿等 ,表明其时代为晚更新世晚期。     

A web based tool to merge geometric morphometric data from multiple characters

Geometric morphometrics (GM) is an important method of shape analysis and increasingly used in a wide range of scientific disciplines.Presently,a single character comparison system of geometric morphometric data is used in almost all empirical studies,and this approach is sufficient for many scientific problems.However,the estimation of overall similarity among taxa or objects based on multiple characters is crucial in a variety of contexts (e.g.(semi-)automated identification,phenetic relationships,tracing of character evolution,phylogenetic reconstruction).Here we propose a new web-based tool for merging several geometric morphometrics data files from multiple characters into a single data file.Using this approach information from multiple characters can be compared in combination and an overall similarity estimate can be obtained in a convenient and geometrically rigorous manner.To illustrate our method,we provide an example analysis of 25 dung beetle species with seven Procrustes superimposed landmark data files representing the morphological variation of body features:the epipharynx,right mandible,pronotum,elytra,hindwing,and the metendosternite in dorsal and lateral view.All seven files were merged into a single one containing information on 649 landmark locations.The possible applications of such merged data files in different fields of science are discussed.     

Reorganization of sensory regulation of locust flight after partial deafferentation

Previous investigations have shown that the flight motor pattern of the mature locust (Locusta migratoria L.) relies heavily on the input of the hindwing tegulae. Removal of the hindwing tegulae results in an immediate change in the motor pattern: the wingbeat frequency (WBF) decreases and the interval between the activity of depressor and elevator muscles (D–E interval) increases. In contrast, removal of the forewing tegulae has little effect on the motor pattern. Here we report adaptive modifications in the flight system that occur after the removal of the hindwing tegulae. Over a period of about 2 weeks following hendwing tegula removal, the flight motor pattern progressively returned towards normal, and in about 80% of the animals recovery of the flight motor pattern was complete. We describe the changes in the activity pattern of flight muscles and in the patterns of depolarizations in flight motoneurons and flight interneurons associated with this recovery. In contrast to the situation in the intact animal, the activity of the forewing tegulae is necessary in recovered animals for the generation of the motor pattern. Removal of the forewing tegulae in recovered animals resulted resulted in similar changes in the flight motor pattern as were observed in intact animals after the removal of the hindwing tegulae. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of forewing tegula afferents in recovered animals produced similar resetting effects on the motor pattern as electrical stimulation of the hindwing tegulae afferents in intact animals. From these observations we conclude that recovery is due to the functional replacement of the removed hindwing tegulae by input from the forewing tegulae.     

二斑叶螨不同抗性品系最佳内参基因的筛选及CYP392E亚家族基因的表达分析

【目的】 筛选二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae敏感品系（SS）、 抗阿维菌素品系(Av-R)和抗螺虫乙酯品系（Sp-R）中合适的内参基因, 研究二斑叶螨不同抗性品系CYP392E亚家族基因表达水平的变化。【方法】采用实时荧光定量PCR （quantitative real time PCR, qRT-PCR）技术, 对二斑叶螨α-tubulin, β-actin, ELFn, GAPDH, 5.8S rRNA基因和SDHA共6个看家基因的表达稳定性进行分析以期筛选出合适的内参基因, 并在此基础上进一步分析二斑叶螨不同品系P450酶系CYP392E亚家族基因的表达量差异。【结果】在二斑叶螨SS, Av-R和Sp-R品系中稳定性最高的内参基因为ELFn。以ELFn为内参基因, CYP392E7基因相对表达量在二斑叶螨Av-R品系中显著高于SS品系(P<0.05), 为后者的2.18倍, 而在Sp-R品系和SS品系中差异不显著; 其余基因的相对表达量在2个抗性品系中均没有增加, Av-R品系的CYP392E4, CYP392E9和CYP392E10基因以及Sp-R品系的CYP392E1和CYP392E9基因相对表达量甚至显著下调, 分别为SS品系的48%, 74%, 65%, 63%和73%。【结论】在二斑叶螨SS, Av-R和Sp-R品系中ELFn为理想的内参基因, Av-R品系CYP392E4, CYP392E7, CYP392E9和CYP392E10基因相对表达量的显著变化可能与二斑叶螨对阿维菌素的抗性形成有关, Sp-R品系CYP392E1和CYP392E9基因也可能与二斑叶螨对螺虫乙酯的抗性形成有一定联系。