寒武系杷榔组Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)chinensis(Walcott,1905)个体发育研究

贵州东部寒武系杷榔组发育,化石丰富,产有杷榔动物群;其中掘头虫类、莱德利基虫类三叶虫保存好,序列完整,提供了研究这些类群属种个体发育的重要材料。本文据杷榔组Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)chinensis(Walcott,1905)的300多块标本的分析数据,详细讨论和重点研究了其从幼虫期、分节期至成虫期个体发育特征,分析各个阶段的形态变化及个体发育演化趋势。丰富了R.(Pteroredlichia)chinensis个体发育的资料,对莱德利基虫属种厘定起到积极的作用,提供了属种分类对比的重要证据。     

贵州东部下寒武统杷榔组上部的三叶虫

贵州凯里市西北郊瓮岭塘寒武系都匀阶下部(下寒武统)杷榔组顶部和镇远县江古镇杷榔组上部的杷榔动物群,是新近发现的重要动物群。动物群由始海百合与莱德利基虫类三叶虫及多门类的化石组成,表明黔东早寒武世都匀期早期斜坡相生物的多样性。就属种而言,三叶虫类最为丰富,计有4属5种,1亚种和1未定种,包括莱得利基虫类的Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)chinensis,Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)chinensislui,Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)murakamii,耸棒头虫类Arthricocephaluschauveaui,Changaspisplacenta,Changaspismicropyge及褶颊虫类Probowmania(Probowmania)sp.。褶颊虫类Probowmania(Probowmania)的出现,丰富了黔东地区杷榔组上部三叶虫组合,层位明显下延。文章还报道Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)chinensis分节末期到成虫早期个体发育特征。     

湘西北寒武系黔东统杷榔组三叶虫的新材料北大核心CSCD

湘西北寒武系杷榔组出露较好,三叶虫化石十分丰富。文中报道描述了在花垣县排吾乡两个剖面的杷榔组泥页岩中采得的三叶虫两属两种Dinesus bura(Qiu,1980)和Eosoptychoparia guizhouensis Yuan in Zhang et al.,1980。本次研究将双岛虫属Dinesus在中国的地层延限下延至杷榔组(寒武系第二统第四阶)的中下部。这些新材料在湖南杷榔组的发现,扩大了这两属的地理分布范围,并提供了更多本区与其他地区的地层进行对比的材料。以上新发现更进一步丰富了寒武纪江南斜坡带杷榔组三叶虫动物群的内容。     

湘西北寒武系黔东统杷榔组三叶虫的新材料

湘西北寒武系杷榔组出露较好,三叶虫化石十分丰富。文中报道描述了在花垣县排吾乡两个剖面的杷榔组泥页岩中采得的三叶虫两属两种Dinesus bura(Qiu,1980)和Eosoptychoparia guizhouensis Yuan in Zhang et al.,1980。本次研究将双岛虫属Dinesus在中国的地层延限下延至杷榔组(寒武系第二统第四阶)的中下部。这些新材料在湖南杷榔组的发现,扩大了这两属的地理分布范围,并提供了更多本区与其他地区的地层进行对比的材料。以上新发现更进一步丰富了寒武纪江南斜坡带杷榔组三叶虫动物群的内容。     

贵州黔东世(早寒武世)杷榔组Changaspis Lee in Chien,1961的再研究

掘头虫类三叶虫张氏虫ChangaspisLee in Chien,1961是黔东、湘西广泛分布的杷榔组中常见的化石。本属化石建立7个种,具有较高的多样性。近年在贵州东部地区的杷榔组采集到此属化石的大量标本,特别是在剑河交榜村的杷榔组发现了Changaspis丰富的化石,提供了分类学再研究的重要材料。据新的化石标本的详细鉴定、个体发育观测及数理统计数据的对比、化石埋藏状态的研究,Changaspis已描述的7个种是过高估计,原属C.micropygeChien,1961,C.elongataLee in Chien,1961,C.placentaQian et Lin in Zhanget al.,1980,C.longispina(Lee,in Egorovaet al.,1963),C.nangaoensisLu et Chien in Yin and Lee,1978,C.?transversaZhou in Zhouet al.,1977和C.taihuensisZhang et Zhou,1985之间形态差异并不明显。C.micropyge,C.placenta应为C.elongata的晚出同义名,而C.longispina,C.nangaoensis,C.taihuensis和C.transversa建种时化石标本少,保存不好,应是C.elongata晚出同义名。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义北大核心CSCD

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义北大核心CSCD

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

西沙群岛琛科二井中新世和更新世的珊瑚一些化石*

Sphenothallus Hall, 1847是刺胞动物中以细长锥管状为特征, 底栖固着的一个属, 始现于寒武纪延伸至二叠纪。之前该属在贵州寒武纪的牛蹄塘生物群、剑河生物群和凯里生物群中均有报道。位于寒武纪第4阶的杷榔生物群也发现该属的化石, 杷榔生物群的Sphenothallus由S. kozaki和S. kozaki? 2个种组成。杷榔生物群的时代位于牛蹄塘生物群和剑河生物群之间, S. kozaki之前仅出现在捷克Jince组和中国湖北石牌组。杷榔生物群Sphenothallus的发现增加了该属在寒武纪第4期刺胞动物的多样性古生态、古地理分布及演化信息, 丰富了杷榔生物群底栖固着类群的组合面貌。     

贵州剑河寒武纪杷榔动物群中的海绵化石组合

贵州寒武纪杷榔动物群的海绵动物是近年在剑河辣子寨村发现的新类群。辣子寨剖面的海绵动物组合多样性高,化石保存好。经鉴定有普通海绵纲细丝海绵科的Leptomitus tereticusculus Chen et al.,1989,Leptomitus cf.L.conicus García-Bellido et al.,2007和Paraleptomitellasp.,斗篷海绵科的Choiaellacf.C.ovataZhao and Yang in Yang et al.,2003和Choiasp.;六射海绵纲的Saetaspongiasp.,计有5属6种和一些属种待定的海绵化石。剑河辣子寨村杷榔组海绵类群的发现丰富了杷榔动物群的组成面貌,扩展了寒武纪第四期海绵动物的古地理分布区,增加了寒武纪第四期海绵动物分异演化的信息,为海绵动物分类学、古生态学和埋藏学研究提供了新材料。     

New(s) to the (Z-)ring

Cytokinesis in bacteria is mediated by a macromolecular machine known as the divisome, consisting of an assembly of FtsZ polymers around the cylindrical axis of the cell and the downstream regulators of division that are subsequently recruited to it. FtsZ polymerizes into filaments in a GTP-dependent manner, similarly to its eukaryotic structural homolog tubulin. The initial placement of the FtsZ polymerization site is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms, as are the subsequent polymer reshaping and force generation that separate the two daughter cells from each other. New factors have been recently discovered that contribute to this regulation, notably affecting FtsZ polymer shaping, and modulating FtsZ polymerization in response to the metabolic or redox state of the cell.     

Linkage between the loci for the Lp(a) lipoprotein (LP) and plasminogen (PLG)

Summary A locus, LP, that determines quantitative variation of Lp(a) lipoprotein phenotypes is linked to the plasminogen (PLG) locus (peak lod score =12.73). This linkage relationship assigns a locus with alleles that have an affect on risk for coronary artery disease to the long arm of chromosome 6.     

铁线莲属研究随记(VI)(英文)

讨论了Clematis eriopoda Maxim.和sect.Atragenopsis Boiss.的地位,认为这二分类群均应成立;描述了2新种,1新变种;过去长期被归并的卷萼铁线莲C.tubulosa得到恢复;Clematisheracleifoliavar.ichangensis被转移改作卷萼铁线莲的变种;首次给出光叶铁线莲Clematisglabrifolia的果实的形态描述。     

(AGCTG) (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (GGGTG) as the primordial sequence of intergenic spacers: the role in immunoglobulin class switch

The means employed for immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch appears to be no different from that by which meiotic intergenic crossing-overs at accomplished. As with other intergenic spacers, the 5' noncoding sequence of each Ig CH (immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region) gene apparently undergoes unconstrained sequence changes due to randomly sustained base substitutions, deletions, and duplications. Yet, there remains sufficient regional sequence homology between the Ig Cmu 5' noncoding sequence and those of its somatic recombination partners, e.g., Ig C gamma 1, Ig C gamma 2b, Ig C alpha, because each of these 5' noncoding sequences is made of multiple copies in various stages of degeneracy of one primordial 20 base pair-long sequence: (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (GGGTG).     

Dioecism of the genusCallicarpa (Verbenaceae) in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands

The morphology and function of the flowers of three species of the genusCallicarpa, C. glabra, C. nisnimurae andC. subpubescens, endemic to the Bonin Islands, revealed that all three species were dioecious. Male plants had short-styled flowers with sterile ovaries, while female plants had long-styled flowers with non-germinating inaperturate pollen grains. Such dioecism has never been reported from the family Verbenaceae. This curious sexual system with non-germinating pollen grains may have been maintained as a reward to insect pollinators.     

Mitochondria-rich cells in the astigmatic mites,Diplaegidia columbae (Buchholz) (Analgidae) and Falculifer rostratus (Buchholz) (Falculiferidae) (Acari: Astigmata)

Mitochondria are well-characterized intracellular organelles usually concentrated in locations of high energy consumption. Light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic observations of the internal anatomy of the feather mites Diplaegidia columbae and Falculifer rostratus were conducted. In the anterior half of the bodies of the mites, we found several dozen of distinctive mitochondria-rich (MR) cells filled with abundant, large mitochondria. Mitochondria are placed individually or enclosed in small groups within an elaborated lamellar system forming a mitochondria–lamellae complex (MLC). The role of the MLC as well as the MR cells is not clear at present, but their involvement in heat generation is hypothesized and briefly discussed.     

The heart of the dugong (Dugong dugon) and the west indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) (Sirenia)

Thirty-eight dugong (Dugong dugon) hearts and 28 Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) hearts were obtained from stranding programs in Australia and the United States. In addition to a double ventricular apex, a feature that has astonished scientists since the eighteenth century, the hearts of both animals have a double subvalvular conus and a dorsal left atrium. The heart lies in a vertical plane at right angles to that of the completely dorsal, symmetrical lungs. The dugong heart has a deeper interventricular cleft and a more conical left ventricle. The latter features may be part of a general morphological trend toward specialization for a more energetic aquatic existence. The presence of a bulbous ascending aorta in the manatee but not in the dugong is without explanation.     

Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Molin, 1859) (Zoogonidae) and Tergestia acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887) (Fellodistomidae) (Digenea) from the epipelagic teleost Belone belone (L.) in the western Mediterranean

Numerous individuals of the poorly known species Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Zoogonidae) and Tergestia acanthocephala (Fellodistomidae) have been recovered from the teleost fish Belone belone gracilis from off the Scandola Nature Reserve, Western Mediterranean. They are redescribed, incorporating previously undescribed features: for L. retroflexus, a post-oral ring, a bipartite seminal vesicle, the shape of the excretory vesicle, the subterminal excretory pore and the flask-shaped gland-cells associated with the distinctly pedunculate ventral sucker; and for T. acanthocephala, the intestinal bifurcation in the forebody, necessitating its return to the genus Tergestia from Theledera. Additionally, T. acanthocephala is compared with T. laticollis from various species of Trachurus from the same geographical area.     

天然型与非天然型脱落酸的生物活性比较

采用新方法精制脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）异构体试样,提高了（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ与（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ两对映体纯度。抑制生长试验和残留量分析以及气孔闭合试验表明：天然型（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ活性显著高于非天然型（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ或（ＳＲ）－（±）－ＡＢＡ。抑制莴苣种子发芽５０％的活性强度,（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ约是（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ的５倍,（ＳＲ）－（±）－ＡＢＡ介于两者之间。抑制萝卜下胚轴生长试验,最显著有效期为２～６ｄ,生理作用期约为一周,（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ活性是（Ｒ）－（一）－ＡＢＡ的３．５倍。鸭跖革气孔闭合试验,（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ活性比（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ高１倍。