嗜热蓝藻优雅粘囊藻藻胆体的特性和别藻蓝蛋白的亚基组成

研究了优雅粘囊藻藻胆体的特性。从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、吸收光谱和二阶导数图谱可证明,它的ＰＢＳ含有一种红色藻胆蛋,两种Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白和三种别藻蓝蛋白。但是,用ＰＡＧＥ和羟基磷灰石柱层析分离和纯化所得藻胆蛋白,一般仅得到一种Ｃ－ＰＣ和一种亚基组成特殊的别藻蓝蛋白ＡＰＣ。这种ＡＰＣ吸收光谱和荧光发射相同于已报告的ＡＰＣ６６０ｎｍ。但是它的亚基组成是（αα＇ββ＇）２而不是（α＇α２β２β＇）Ｌｃ＾１０或α     

条斑紫菜中R－藻红蛋白的生化特性

条斑紫菜的Ｒ－藻红蛋白（Ｒ－ＰＥ）,在ＣＭ－５２柱上用含８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ脲的０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙酸铵缓冲液（ｐＨ＝５．０５）洗脱,观察到３条色带,经吸收光谱测定表明,它们分别是α、β、γ亚基。用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定的α、β和γ亚基分子量分别是１７．０ｋｄ,１８．０ｋｄ和３１．７ｋｄ。Ｒ－ＰＥ中亚基的摩尔比是６α：６β：１γ。条斑紫菜的Ｒ－ＰＥ最稳定的聚集态分子量是２２９ｋｄ。各亚基的发色团含量：α亚基含２个藻红胆素（ＰＥＢ）,β亚基含１个ＰＥＢ和０．５个藻尿胆素（ＰＵＢ）,γ亚基含２个ＰＥＢ和３个ＰＵＢ。结合Ｒ－ＰＥ和各亚基的氨基酸组成分析,条斑紫菜的Ｒ－ＰＥ亚基组成是（αβ）６γ。     

螺旋藻藻胆体核心复合物结构与功能的研究──四种变藻蓝蛋白复合物的分离及光谱特性的研究

从螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）的藻胆体中分离出四种不同光谱形线的变藻蓝蛋白（ＡＰＣ）复合物：ＡＰＩ,ＡＰⅡ,ＡＰⅢ,ＡＰＢ,利用吸收光谱,荧光光谱（室温和低温）以及荧光激发偏振光谱比较了ＡＰＣ复合物三聚体和单体的光谱特性,四种ＡＰＣ复合物三聚体的最大吸收和最大发射峰位置各不相同,ＡＰⅡ和ＡＰⅢ位于短波区（最大吸收波长在～６５０ｎｍ,最大发射波长在６６２～６６４ｎｍ）ＡＰＩ和ＡＰＢ     

R-藻蓝蛋白的分离及其结构表征

本文对传统藻胆蛋白的分离方法进行改进,利用柱层析法直接从新鲜多管藻提取分离出纯的Ｒ－藻蓝蛋白。分别用凝胶柱层析法和电泳法测定了其分子量。结果表明：通常实验条件下：Ｒ－藻蓝蛋白的最稳定聚集态是三聚体,其分子量为１２２．８ＫＤ,它由分子量分别为１８．１ＫＤ（α）和２０．５ＫＤ（β）两个亚基组成,其分子组成为（αβ）３。利用吸收和荧光光谱研究了Ｒ－藻蓝蛋白的光谱性质。Ｒ－ＰＣ的三聚体在可见光范围有两个明显的吸收峰,分别为５４６ｎｍ和６１４ｎｍ,与同系的Ｃ－ＰＣ和ＰＥＣ明显不同,表明各类色团光谱特性在三聚体状态基本不变,说明三聚体内色团间无强相互作用。Ｒ－ＰＣ荧光发射峰位于６４０ｎｍ,与同系的Ｃ－ＰＣ和ＰＥＣ基本一致,说明三聚体保证了高效的能量传递。单体的荧光发射呈现双峰（５６６ｎｍ,６４３ｎｍ）,说明单体内能量传递效率不高。从光谱性质可知,在ＰＣ家族中,Ｒ－ＰＣ具有最高的光能捕获效率     

蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)藻胆体内核结构与功能的研究I.变藻蓝蛋白六聚体(αβ)5APβ16.3LCM42分离及其表征

利用藻胆体温和解离的方法和超速离心分离技术首次得到了变藻蓝蛋白六聚体,并通过光谱技术,凝胶柱过滤柱色谱方法,和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳方法以及蔗糖密度超速离心方法对其进行表征。结果表明：该变藻蓝蛋白六聚体的最大吸收峰（λＡｍａｘ＝６５２ｎｍ）,荧光发射峰位于６６６ｎｍ,并且在６８０ｎｍ处有一明显肩峰;其分子量大约为２４０ＫＤ左右;其分子组成为（αβ）５ＡＰβ１６．３ＬＣＭ４２;离心沉降系数为１２Ｓ（０．２－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ线性蔗糖密度梯度于０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液）。该六聚体在５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ＝７．０）发生解离,通过羟基磷灰石柱分离可得到两种变藻蓝蛋白三聚体（αβ）３ＡＰ和（αβ）２ＡＰβ１６．３ＬＣＭ４２,这说明该变藻蓝蛋白六聚体是由两个变藻蓝蛋白三聚体组成;通过差谱的方法得出锚蛋白的吸收光谱（λｍａｘ＝６６０ｎｍ）;根据稳态光谱测定的结果,推断出锚蛋白碎片ＬＣＭ４２的光谱性质与整个锚蛋白的光谱性质相同,进而得出ＬＣＭ４２保留了整个锚蛋白中的发色团,因而保留了其传递能量的功能。利用光谱数据和晶体结构数据讨论了该六聚体内能量传递途径     

藻胆体核心的分离和光谱研究

藻胆体核心的分离和光谱研究李凤平路荣昭顾天青高士杰（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）ＩＳＯＬＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＳＰＥＣＴＲＯＳＣＯＰＩＣＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＰＨＹＣＯＢＩＬＩＳＯＭＥＣＯＲＥＬｉＦｅｎｇ－ｐｉｎｇＬｕＲｏｎｇ－ｚｈａｏＧｕＴｉａ...     

蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)藻胆体内核结构与功能的研究I.变藻蓝蛋白六聚体(αβ)5APβ16.3LCM42分离及其表征

利用藻胆体温和解离的方法和超速离心分离技术首次得到了变藻蓝蛋白六聚体,并通过光谱技术,凝胶柱过滤柱色谱方法,和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳方法以及蔗糖密度超速离心方法对其进行表征。结果表明：该变落蓝蛋白六聚体的最大吸收峰（λ＾Ａｍａｘ＝６５２ｎｍ）,荧光发射峰位于６６６ｎｍ,并且在６８０ｎｍ处有一明显肩峰;其分子量大约为２４０ＫＤ左右;其分子组成为（αβ）５＾ＡＰβ＾１６．３ＬＣＭ＾４２;离心沉降系数为１     

光动力复合藻胆蛋白及其分子内能量传递现象

通过杂双官能团偶联试剂,３－（２－吡啶联疏基）丙酸Ｎ－羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯（ＳＰＤ）,我们合成了Ｒ－藻红蛋白（Ｒ－ＰＥ）与变藻蓝蛋白（ＡＰＣ）的共轭复合物。这种光动力复合藻胆蛋白具有一些特别的光物理性质,如很大的ｓｔｏｋｅｓ位移（约１７０ｕｍ,４９０ｎｍ激发,６６５ｎｍ发出荧光）、高效的分子内能量传递效率等。复合物中Ｒ—ＰＥ与ＡＰＣ的摩尔比为１４,且Ｒ—ＰＥ和ＡＰＣ在复合物中保持了它们各自的光谱性质。通过荧光发射光谱,我们观察到了这种复合藻胆蛋白的分子内能量传递现象,计算表明从Ｒ—ＰＥ到ＡＰＣ的分子内能量传递效率为６５％。二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）对复合物中联结Ｒ—ＰＥ与ＡＰＣ间的脂族二硫桥键的还原导致分子内能量传递的阻断这一现象进一步证实了复合物中存在分子内能量传递现象。根据Ｆｏｒｓｔｅｒ能量转移机理,计算得出给体与受体发色团间距离为７２Ａ,这一距离与两种蛋白的大小是基本相符的。     

层理鞭枝藻藻红蓝蛋白α亚基的分离纯化和结晶

藻红蓝蛋白α－亚基具有儿可逆光致变色性质。采用ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－７５凝胶过滤、ＦＰＬＣ－Ｓｕｐｅｒｄｅｘ ７５ ＨＲ １０／３０柱层析等纯化方法,得到了电泳纯的藻红蓝蛋白α－亚基,光化学活性达９３％。在室温、避光条件下,采用悬滴汽相扩散法,得到了两种外形不同的藻红蓝蛋白α－亚基晶体,进一步证实了上述纯化方法的可靠性。     

螺旋藻变藻蓝蛋白内能量传递机制的研究

利用ｐｓ时间分辨荧光光谱技术研究两种不同结构变藻蓝蛋白复合物ＡＰ６６５和ＡＰ６６０内能量传递过程,讨论了变藻蓝蛋白三聚体和单体内激发态作用机制。结果表明,ＡＰＣ单体只有一个短寿命（７５ｐｓ）,来源于其两个亚基α８４／β８４间能量传递过程,另一长寿命（１０８０ｐｓ）是β８４基态恢复的平衡时间。两种ＡＰＣ三聚体均含有一个短寿命组分,从１６ｐｓ（ＡＰ６６０）到４８ｐｓ（ＡＰ６６５）,它们来源于三聚体内互为Ｃ３对称单体内α８４／β８４间能量传递过程。ＡＰ６６０由于结构对称性低出现的短寿命组分（１０６ｐｓ）,可指认为低对称单体的α８４／β８４之间能量传递时间常数。连接多肽对ＡＰＣ三聚体性质的影响明显地表现在其荧光衰减动力学过程中。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.