裂叶荆芥不同部位香精油组成研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,分别从裂叶荆芥的叶、茎和花三个不同部位提取香精油并进行气相色谱/质谱分析.结果发现,叶、茎、花的香精油分别含有23、29、26种组分.叶和花香精油的组成和含量基本相似,主要成分是含量分别为15.09%、14.51%的薄荷酮和29.26%、31.36%的(+)-胡薄荷酮等单萜化合物以及含量分别为17.09%、5.00%的α-律草烯等倍半萜.而茎香精油的萜类化合物含量较低,含薄荷酮为4.15%,(+)-胡薄荷酮为7.68%,但其乙酯含量相对较高,如(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯含量为11.92%,异戊酸乙酯为9.38%.     

裂叶荆芥花穗腺鳞代谢规律研究

为揭示荆芥穗腺鳞在不同开花序列中数量性状及内含物的代谢规律,本实验通过对荆芥穗不同开花序列的萼片进行腺鳞密度及半径的测算,以腺鳞指数拟合评价其数量性状的动态变化;同时对不同开花序列腺鳞内含物中6种单萜类成分(β-月桂烯、d-柠檬烯、dl-薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃、胡薄荷酮、β-石竹烯)进行气相色谱检测与定量研究。结果显示:腺鳞的主要发生阶段为开花前期,并于开花期基本完成;荆芥穗开花后,腺鳞因受到外界因素的影响数量逐渐减少;以D10轮为界,腺鳞中对薄荷烷型单萜类成分的代谢过程存在明显的物候迭代规律,并致使胡薄荷酮在腺鳞内含物中蓄积。说明荆芥穗腺鳞于开花期基本完成其数量性状增长及内含物的合成,但薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃、β-石竹烯等化合物在开花后期仍处于旺盛代谢状态,并且其含量变化可直接造成荆芥穗药效性质的改变,因此D10轮可作为荆芥穗的采收节点。     

基于ITS序列的不同产地裂叶荆芥系统发育分析

采用PCR法扩增来自国内5个不同产地的裂叶荆芥ITS全序列,测序后以产自河北的裂叶荆芥代表中国裂叶荆芥与来自不同国家的裂叶荆芥ITS序列进行比较,构建分子系统发育树,探讨国内5个不同产地及不同国家的裂叶荆芥的亲缘关系和系统进化。结果表明:国内5个不同产地的裂叶荆芥ITS1和ITS2序列均有较高的G/C含量;5个产地的裂叶荆芥的扩增序列长度均为749bp,且序列完全相同;其中ITS1序列长231bp,5.8S序列长168bp,ITS2序列长236bp。中国裂叶荆芥与日本、韩国裂叶荆芥ITS序列一致性为100%,与美国裂叶荆芥ITS序列一致性为99.0%。与美国裂叶荆芥相比,中国裂叶荆芥ITS序列有7个碱基发生变异。来自不同国家的裂叶荆芥形成单系群和2个分支(中、日、韩3国为1个分支,美国单独形成1个分支)。ITS序列的一致性表明国内5个不同产地裂叶荆芥为同一个种。     

基于GC-MS的荆芥和荆芥穗饮片挥发油中化学成分特征分析

分析荆芥和荆芥穗饮片挥发油中化学成分特征的差异,为其质量评价及临床应用提供依据。本研究收集市场上不同来源的荆芥和荆芥穗饮片,首先,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取样品总挥发油,并利用GC-MS对荆芥和荆芥穗样品中的挥发油成分及含量进行测定;其次,利用SIMCA14.1软件对荆芥与荆芥穗中挥发油共有成分相对含量进行主成分分析、聚类分析;最后,利用OPLS-DA结合t-test筛选导致荆芥和荆芥穗挥发油存在差异的代谢标志物。结果表明,荆芥中挥发油总含量普遍低于荆芥穗,荆芥和荆芥穗挥发油含量的差异达极显著水平;荆芥中挥发油成分种类多于荆芥穗,荆芥与荆芥穗挥发油成分特征存在差异,各自聚为一类;OPLS-DA结果结合t检验共筛选出薄荷酮、异胡薄荷酮、β-石竹烯、柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、胡薄荷酮、香芹醇、顺-p-2,8-薄荷二烯醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、4-异丙烯基甲苯10种引起两种饮片差异的主要代谢标志物。因此,荆芥与荆芥穗两种饮片挥发油的化学成分特征存在差异,该差异与其临床功效的相关性还有待进一步研究。     

金丝桃属植物化学成分研究进展

到目前为止,已从金丝桃属植物中分离得到300多种化合物,主要特征化学成分为萘骈二蒽酮、间苯三酚、酮和黄酮等类型化合物;也含有香豆素、苯丙素、萜类和挥发油等其它类型的化学成分。本文按照化合物结构类型进行了归纳,综述了该类植物的化学成分研究进展,同时简述了这些成分的相关药理作用。     

薄荷属植物挥发性成分及药理作用研究进展

薄荷属(Mentha L.)植物广泛分布于世界各地,有着悠久的药食两用史。目前,薄荷属植物挥发性物质主要应用于医药、食品、化妆品、香料、烟草等工业。现代研究表明其挥发性成分主要含有多种单萜类化合物,药理学研究显示其具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗辐射、抗癌、降血压等生物活性。本文主要对该属植物挥发性化学成分及药理作用的研究现状进行综述,以期为进一步开发和利用该属植物提供科学依据。     

清凉的薄荷精油是如何形成的？

正薄荷是我国传统中药材,也是一种重要的香料植物。薄荷在分类上归属于唇形科薄荷属植物。薄荷属植物还包括椒样薄荷、圆叶薄荷、唇萼薄荷、留兰香等常见植物。薄荷中含有丰富的精油,薄荷精油有特殊的清凉香气,广泛应用于食品和日     

细叶亚菊挥发油中抑制垂穗披碱草的化合物的分离与鉴定

用气相色谱－质谱联机光谱分析法,分离、提纯,鉴定细叶亚菊挥发油中抑制垂穗披碱草生长的化合物４９种,有α－蒎烯、莰烯、蒈品－３－烯、桉叶油精、胡薄荷酮、樟脑、萜品烯－４－醇和乙酸菊烯酸酯８种主要化合物,而占总细对亚菊挥发油的８２．８０％。其中樟脑最多,胡薄荷酮和桉对油精为次。     

药食兼用的佳品——荆芥

荆芥Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｎｅｐｅｔａｔｅｎｕｉｆｏｌｉａ(Ｂｅｎｔｈ.)Ｂｒｉｑ.为唇形科一年生草本植物,又称姜芥、四棱杆蒿、稳齿菜、鼠实等。全草入药,性辛,温,具发表,祛风,理血等功效,主治感冒发热、头痛、咽喉肿痛、吐血、痈肿等症。全草含挥发油约1%～2%,油中主要含右旋薄荷酮(ｄ-ｍｅｎｔｈｏｎｅ)、消旋薄荷酮及少量右旋柠檬烯(ｄ-ｌｉｍｏｎｅｎｅ)。地上嫩茎叶部分食用可烹炒、凉拌、煲汤、煮粥、砌茶,风味独特,营养丰富,亦能起到食疗保健作用。主产江苏、浙江、江西、湖北、河北等省区,全国大部分地区有分布。1　形态特征　　一年生…     

广西小叶红叶藤挥发油化学成分及抗氧化性研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对小叶红叶藤挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH·法、ABTS,+法和铁氰化钾还原法对其抗氧化能力进行研究.结果表明:从小叶红叶藤挥发油分离出221个色谱峰,共鉴定64个化合物,占挥发油总量的95.72％,主要成分为dl-薄荷酮(53.43％)、(E)-薄荷酮(14.20％)、5-甲基-2-...     

Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from Schizonepeta tenuifolia against Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae)

Plant essential oils from 21 plant species were tested for their insecticidal activities against larvae of Lycoriella ingenua Dufour (Diptera: Sciaridae) by using a fumigation bioassay. Good insecticidal activity against larvae of L. ingenua was achieved with essential oils of Acorus gramineus Solander, Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet, and Zanthoxylum piperitum De Candolle at 25 microg/ml air. S. tenuifolia oil showed the most potent insecticidal activity among the plant essential oils. At 12.5 microg/ml air concentration, S. tenuifolia oil caused 96.6% mortality, but mortality decreased to 60% at 3.125 microg/ml air. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to identification of three major compounds from S. tenuifolia oil. These three compounds were tested individually for their insecticidal activities against larvae of L. ingenua and compared with the toxicity of dichlorvos. Pulegone was the most toxic, followed by menthone and limonene with LC50 values of 1.21, 6.03, and 15.42 microg/ml, respectively. LC50 of dichlorvos was 8.13 microg/ml. Effects of S. tenuifolia and its components on growth of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer also were investigated.     

野生艾草黄酮的含量及抗氧化性研究

目的：测定艾草中总黄酮含量,并对其抗氧化性、羟自由基（-OH）的清除能力和过氧化值（POV）进行了研究。方法：有机溶剂提取法从野生艾草中提取黄酮,以芦丁为对照品测定艾草中总黄酮含量。采用邻苯三酚自氧化测定抗氧化性;用新鲜猪油测定过氧化值（POV）。结果：艾草中总黄酮含量高达5．5％,对O2^-抑制率为36．8％,黄酮浓度超过2mg／mL时对羟自由基（-OH）清除能力逐渐增强,0．50％黄酮的POV较强,仅次于0．05％的维生素C,说明艾草黄酮有较好的开发价值。     

Localization and Dynamic Change of Saponin in Vegetative Organs of Polygala tenuifolia

Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure, localization and dynamic changes of total saponin and senegenin of vegetative organs in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Histochemical localization results showed that saponin accumulated mainly in parenchyma cells of vegetative organs. The phytochemical results also showed that the saponin accumulated in the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia, with higher content in roots and lower content in the aerial parts that included stems and leaves. The saponin content and dry weight of the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia had dynamic variance at the developmental stages and all reached the highest level in the post-fruit period. Hence, the roots and aerial parts should be gathered in August to make full use of the plant. As the root is the main medicinal organ of P. tenuifolia, the content of total saponin and senegenin of different aged and different parts of the root were determined. The content of total saponin and senegenin exhibited a sustained decreasing trend with increasing root age; therefore, theannual roots had high quality. The content of total saponin and senegenin in different parts of the root showed obvious variation. The content in the "skin areas" was much higher than that of xylem. The results offer a theoretical basis for determining the appropriate harvesting stage and a reasonable harvest of P. tenuifolia.     

超声波提取加拿大蓬总黄酮的研究

目的:研究加拿大蓬中总黄酮提取方法及最佳工艺.方法:采用超声提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验筛选最佳工艺条件.结果:最佳提取条件为60%乙醇、料液比1:20、60 kW下超声45 min.得率为31.076 mg/g.结论:该方法提取提取总黄酮快速、简便,可适用于生产中加拿大蓬总黄酮类物质的检测.该方法是提取加拿大蓬总...     

咸草总黄酮提取工艺的比较研究

通过超声波法与乙醇回流法分别提取咸草总黄酮,两者均采用L₉(3⁴)正交实验方法,并运用SPSS11.5软件统计分析。结果如下:超声波法的最佳提取条件为超声波功率400W、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:60、超声波作用时间10min,样品总黄酮含量为1.558%;乙醇回流法的最优条件为水浴温度90℃、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:60、回流时间1.5h,总黄酮含量2.011%。两种方法比较:乙醇回流法提取总黄酮含量较高,而超声波法更节省时间。     

新疆具抗菌活性的植物资源

对分属于新疆41科88种高等植物的抗菌活性进行了归纳。这些抗菌植物主要分布在菊科、唇形科、豆科、百合科、蓼科和伞形科。对人体和植物病原菌抗性较强的有土木香(Inula helenium)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、蓖麻(Ricinus communis)、荆芥(Schizonepeta tenuifolia)、石榴(Punica granatum)、孜然芹(Cuminum cyminum),以及蒿属(Artemisia spp．)、槐属(Sophora spp．)和酸模属(Rumex spp．)植物。新疆植物的抗菌活性成分和结构阐明还需要进行深入的研究。     

Microarray analysis of the gene expression profile of HMC-1 mast cells following Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet treatment

It has long been believed that mast cells play a crucial role in the development of many physiological changes during immediate allergic responses. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammation mechanism of Schizonepeta tenuifolia (ST) extract and ST purified chemicals on the PMA plus A23187-induced stimulation of HMC-1 human mast cells. ST, rosmarinic acid, pulegone, and 2α,3α,24-thrihydrooxylen-12en-28oic acid treatment of HMC-1 cells led to significant suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in a dose dependent manner. In addition, the results of the microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that ST regulates several pathways, including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (CCRI), MAPK, and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. ST may be useful for the treatment of inflammation disease via anti-inflammation activity that occurs through inhibition of the CCRI, MAPK, and TLR signaling pathways.     

不同居群不同部位头花蓼总黄酮含量研究

以原产贵州、四川的10个头花蓼收集系为材料,采用紫外分光光度法,研究了各头花蓼收集系植株不同部位总黄酮含量的变异,以便找出总黄酮含量较高的头花蓼收集系及其头花蓼植株上总黄酮含量较高的部位,为头花蓼药业提供指导。结果表明,不同部位头花蓼总黄酮含量差异很大,其含量大小依次为老茎>花>嫩叶>老叶>嫩茎。头花蓼老茎、花中总黄酮含量在不同居群间差异显著,其它部位差异不显著。四川都江堰居群老茎总黄酮含量最高,达2.761%,显著高于其它收集系。