31p磁共振波谱物质检测准确性的验证研究

目的:评价1.5T磁场下31PMRS磷化合物检测的准确性.方法:以卵磷脂为参照标准品,对照研究对同一位正常志愿者骨骼肌肉磷谱代谢特征,对其股骨下端先后行两次相同参数、相同条件状态下的31P波谱检测,第二次检测时在感共趣区内体外加入卵磷脂标准品,对比两次检测的结果变化.结果:对同一位正常志愿者先后两次进行渡谱检测,加入卵磷脂后各代谢物波谱变化为β-ATP:-24.46,α-ATP:+82.61,γ-ATP:-32.89,PCr:+64.32,Pi.+110.5,PDE:+462.57,PME:+15.71.加入卵磷脂后,PDE峰改变最明显.结论:1.5T磁场下31P MRS能准确检测体内化合物的存在及其定量分析,研究结果可信.     

磁共振波谱分析(四)

磁共振波谱分析在动物实验中的应用 MRS在医学上用于动物实验者已不少。但主要集中于脑部、横纹肌和心肌的研究,现简略复习于后,至于对肾脏、肝脏、肠道和生殖系统的研究则从略。 一、脑部MRS的动物实验。MRS是对脑代谢进行无创伤研究的重要手段。Chance等(1978)首先研究了动物脑组织的~(31)P MRS,他将麻醉鼠放在常规的磁共振管中,测得脑部~(31)P的波谱图显示了缺氧所致的Pcr耗竭。早期也有运用表面线圈得到了活鼠的脑部     

肌肉~（31）P-MRS的临床研究进展

磁共振波谱分析（magnetic resonance spectroscopy MRS）是目前唯一无创性定量研究人体组织细胞代谢、生理生化改变的方法。磁共振磷谱（31P-MRS）可对无机磷（Pi）、磷酸肌酸（PCr）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）等含磷高能化合物进行定量分析,是在体研究骨骼肌能量代谢的有力工具。动态磷谱技术可测量肌肉在静息状态、收缩过程和恢复过程中细胞内高能磷酸化合物的变化,评价骨骼肌做功时的能量的转换效率,实现对线粒体功能的无创性评价。本文将对肌肉磷谱的研究进展做综述,尤其侧重于动态磷谱的应用,为以后利用磷谱客观研究肌肉相关疾病奠定良好的基础。     

肌肉31P-MRS 的临床研究进展

磁共振波谱分析(magnetic resonance spectroscopy MRS)是目前唯一无创性定量研究人体组织细胞代谢、生理生化改变的方法。磁共振磷谱(31P-MRS)可对无机磷(Pi)、磷酸肌酸(PCr)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)等含磷高能化合物进行定量分析,是在体研究骨骼肌能量代谢的有力工具。动态磷谱技术可测量肌肉在静息状态、收缩过程和恢复过程中细胞内高能磷酸化合物的变化,评价骨骼肌做功时的能量的转换效率,实现对线粒体功能的无创性评价。本文将对肌肉磷谱的研究进展做综述,尤其侧重于动态磷谱的应用,为以后利用磷谱客观研究肌肉相关疾病奠定良好的基础。     

31P-NMR研究生物活组织

NMR在生物学中的应用是从70年代发展起来的。 ³¹P-NMR法因其共振谱线简单明了,灵敏度高,能无损伤地监控生物活组织内的与能量代谢密切相关的含磷化合物浓度的动态变化,而成为在生理条件下测定组织内部动力学参量的重要方法。本文通过介绍离体灌流标本和在体组织器官的 ³¹P-NMR的具体应用实例,集中反映了在这一领域研究的概况和新近的研究成果。     

磁共振波谱分析(三)

几种元素磁共振波谱分析的实验研究 目前设备的条件可对多种元素进行MRS,且发展很快,现简单介绍如后。 1.磷~31(~31P)的MRS:小狗活体脑部磷~31磁共振波谱图与小狗脑组织提出物的高分辨率波谱相比,发现ATP的三个磷酸盐峰:α、β和γ,ADP的α、β峰与ATP的α、γ峰相重叠。ADP浓度较低,因此正常组织中,~31P磁共振波谱分     

核磁共振技术在生物物理学领域中的应用

核磁共振波谱法(NMR)是利用核磁共振波谱对纯化合物进行结构测定,并定性或定量分析其微结构的一种研究手段.随着脉冲傅立叶变换技术和超导磁体的发展和普及.15N和31P等核磁共振谱(以15N和31P原子为测定对象得出的图谱),以及诸如二维核磁共振谱等新技术和新方法不断涌现并完善,核磁共振波谱法在生物学领域的应用也越来越广泛.在调研大量国外文献基础上,介绍NMR方法在生命科学研究方面的应用研究成果.     

细胞色素P450介导的果蝇抗药性研究进展

细胞色素P450 (cytochrome P450, CYP450)超基因家族是由一些数量多而功能复杂的血红蛋白酶基因所组成,该代谢酶系作为一种几乎地球上所有需氧生物都存在的重要生存策略,可以调控多种内源物质及外源化合物的代谢,参与了众多重要的生命过程,代谢解毒作用是该酶系重要功能之一。细胞色素P450的代谢解毒作用受药物影响,机体通过改变基因表达量,实现增强代谢解毒,加快机体对于有害物质的代谢,从而使得机体对有害环境产生一定的适应性,进而使得机体产生耐药性或抗药性。本研究说明果蝇细胞色素P450介导的杀虫剂类药物代谢机制及代谢抗性的特点等方面的研究,对明确果蝇的抗药性机制研究具有参考意义。     

P450酶在植物三萜化合物生物合成中的催化与调控

植物三萜化合物是一类具有6个C₅异戊二烯单元的高附加值天然化合物,具有抗炎、护肝、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和降血压等重要药理活性。在三萜化合物生物合成过程中,细胞色素P450酶通过引入羟基、羧基、羰基以及环氧基等官能团,为丰富三萜结构的多样性起到了重要的作用。然而,目前P450酶底物催化特异性机制仍不清晰,异源底盘细胞中表达率低、与细胞色素氧化还原酶(CPR)的适配性差限制了其在植物三萜化合物微生物异源合成中的应用。本文系统地介绍了植物三萜化合物的合成途径、P450酶的催化系统组成和催化机制。通过P450酶的理性与非理性的分子改造,P450酶及其CPR的适应性匹配以及关键代谢途径的区室化研究,以期为P450酶在高效合成三萜化合物的应用提供研究思路。     

磁共振波谱在星形细胞瘤恶性程度分级及癫痫的应用

星形细胞瘤是神经上皮源性肿瘤中最常见的一类肿瘤.占颅内肿瘤的17％,占神经上皮源性肿瘤的40％,肿瘤向周围”蟹足样”浸润性生长,且无包膜形成.磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)是随着磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)发展起来的唯一的一种无创性研究活体组织的代谢情况和生化指标的技术,目前已在中枢神经系统疾病的临床工作和科学研究中得到广泛应用.它能活体检测脑组织,提供关于神经元功能、细胞能量代谢、细胞膜增殖和崩解以及选择性神经递质活动等信息,为脑肿瘤的临床治疗和科学研究提供了一条新的途径.磁共振波谱在星形细胞瘤的肿瘤实质区及肿瘤周围区的代谢物比值有助于肿瘤分级诊断,并且MRS有助于判定肿瘤的浸润边界,指导临床术中立体定位及组织病理学检查.此外,代谢-解剖叠加伪彩图体现的肿瘤本身的异质性在高低级别肿瘤中也有差异.近年来,许多学者研究发现磁共振波谱在星形细胞瘤患者有无癫痫发作者的代谢物水平不同,二者间的相关研究需要进一步深入.     

A human in vivo study of the extent to which 31-phosphorus neurospectroscopy phosphomonoesters index cerebral cell membrane phospholipid anabolism

The phosphomonoester narrow resonance of human in vivo 31-phosphorus neurospectroscopy studies is believed to index the anabolism of cell membrane phospholipids and has therefore been used to study phospholipid anabolism in the brain non-invasively. However, it is an indirect measure of phospholipid metabolism and although it does contain major contributions from phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine and L-phosphoserine, which are important precursors of membrane phospholipids, many other metabolites, including sugar phosphates, can contribute to this region of the spectrum, and separation of these different peaks is not achieved with the present in vivo methodology. Recently, it has become possible to analyze signal directly from the cell membrane motion-restricted phospholipids by analysis of a broad resonance signal. We therefore hypothesized that there should be a positive correlation between the phosphomonoester narrow resonance and the broad resonance signal if the former does indeed index cell membrane phospholipid anabolism. Cerebral 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was carried out in 54 human subjects, including normal volunteers and patients with schizophrenia in order to widen the range of phosphomonoester and broad resonance values. Spectra were obtained from 70×70×70 mm³ voxels using an image-selected in vivo spectroscopy pulse sequence. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the phosphomonoester resonances and the broad resonance signals (r=0.404, P<0.005). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the phosphomonoester narrow resonance does indeed index cell membrane phospholipid anabolism in brain studies.     

In vivo 31P MRS in new antineoplastic agents evaluation on experimental tumor models

Two new antineoplastic agents, a nitrosourea and a DNA-bis-intercalator have been studied in vivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a rat glioma and Walker carcinoma. On rat glioma, spectra are modified when the tumor is treated by the nitrosourea, showing the depletion of high-energy phosphates. On Walker carcinoma both drugs delay the tumor evolution to necrosis, showing important levels of high-energy phosphates on NMR spectra. There appears to be a great dependence upon energy metabolism during chemotherapy, depending on the nature and physiology of the observed tumor.     

P-NMR Spectroscopy of Roots of Intact Corn Seedlings

The application of ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of metabolism in roots of intact corn seedlings is described. ³¹P-NMR spectra of developmentally distinct parts of primary roots of whole seedlings are presented. The spectra are of quality comparable to those of excised pieces of plant tissue.     

Negative correlation between cerebral inorganic phosphate and the volumetric niacin response in male patients with schizophrenia who have seriously and dangerously violently offended: a (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

The aim of the study was to examine the association of arachidonic acid-related signal transduction with cerebral metabolism in patients with schizophrenia who have violently and dangerously offended while psychotic. Cerebral 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was carried out in 11 male patients with schizophrenia who had violently offended (homicide, attempted murder, or wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm) while psychotic. Spectra were obtained from 70 x 70 x 70 mm(3) voxels using an image-selected in vivo spectroscopy pulse sequence. Niacin flush testing results were quantified as the volumetric niacin response. There was a strong, and negative, correlation between the volumetric niacin response and the metabolite concentration of inorganic phosphate expressed as a ratio of the total 31-phosphorus signal (p<0.005). Our results suggest that patients with schizophrenia who have violently offended and have poor phospholipid-related signal transduction may have higher levels of cerebral energy metabolism.     

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a powerful tool for drug metabolism studies.

Studies on the metabolism and disposition of drugs using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as the analytical technique are reviewed. An overview of the main studies classed in terms of the observed magnetic nucleus (1H, 2H, 7Li, 13C, 19F, 31P, 77Se) is followed by some typical examples of the way in which 19F and 31P MRS can be profitably employed to gain more understanding about the metabolism and disposition of the anticancer fluoropyrimidines (5-fluorouracil (FU) and its prodrugs) and ifosfamide (IF). The results of three recent studies carried out in our laboratory are developed. They concern the direct quantitative monitoring of the hepatic metabolism of FU in the isolated perfused mouse liver, the elucidation of the origin of the cardiotoxicity of FU and the metabolism of IF from an analysis of biofluids of patients. Finally, the advantages and limitations of MRS for investigations on drug metabolism are discussed.     

Evaluation of exercise muscle energetics by NMR

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to ultrasonography and X-CT especially in density resolution in soft tissue. 31P NMR provides information on metabolism, which has not been obtained in vivo by conventional methods, such as phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), ATP, and intracellular pH. We used MRI and 31P NMR spectroscopy to study skeletal muscle metabolism of human and rat. These NMR results suggested that 1) estimation of muscle fiber composition, 2) evaluation of muscle ATP turnover and 3) imaging of local muscle fatigue are possible.     

Anaerobic glycolysis in sea urchins as adaptation to life in a habitat lacking oxygen

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the presence of lactic acid and alanine in the coelomic fluid of the black sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus, which indicates the presence of anaerobic metabolism in echinoderms. It was found that this way of energy metabolism is intensified in stressful situations with insufficient intake of oxygen by the cells and that this compensatory response of energy metabolism is an important adaptive mechanism to changes in environmental conditions.     

Combined study of 1H-magnetic resonance imaging and depth-selected, EKG-gated 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the heart in vivo

NMR is useful for both 1H-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We undertook to combine these two merits of NMR for in vivo characterization of living rat heart in wide bore (9 cm) superconducting magnet under high magnetic field (6.4 Tesla). Spatial resolution of 1H-MRI attained 0.1 mm by spin warp method. Then, depth-selected, EKG-gated 31P-MRS was performed, adjusting the detection area to cover the heart that was identified by the preceding 1H-MRI. Three evidences that 31P-SMR signal chiefly originated from the heart without cross talk of adjacent organs indicated that combination of 1H-MRI and in vivo 31P-MRS under high magnetic field in whole animal is promising for more accurate evaluation of cardiac muscle metabolism.     

Evolving techniques for the investigation of muscle bioenergetics and oxygenation

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are both powerful, non-invasive methodologies and, as such, offer great potential to investigate both human biochemistry and human physiology, and ultimately to contribute significantly to the field of medicine. Consequently there has been much effort devoted to fostering the evolution of these methodologies into distinct and applicable techniques. Here we will highlight several MRI and MRS techniques for the assessment of human biochemistry and physiology that ultimately may provide useful clinical assessments and diagnoses of various muscular and cardiovascular pathologies. Specifically, the evolving techniques that will be discussed are: (1) (1)H MRS of myoglobin to assess the intracellular partial pressure of O(2), (2) (31)P MRS to assess metabolic capacity, and (3) the combination of (31)P chemical shift imaging to assess local metabolic demand (oxygen uptake; .VO(2)) with arterial spin labelling to assess local perfusion (blood flow; .Q), in an effort to characterize the elusive spatial matching of skeletal muscle (.Q/.VO(2)).     

Cerebral metabolism in male patients with schizophrenia who have seriously and dangerously violently offended: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

There is biochemical evidence to suggest that membrane phospholipid metabolism may be impaired in some patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia who have violently offended while psychotic suffer from changes in cerebral phospholipid metabolism. Cerebral 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was carried out in 15 male patients with schizophrenia who had violently offended (homicide, attempted murder, or wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm) while psychotic and in a control group of 13 age-matched healthy male control subjects. Spectra were obtained from 70x70x70mm(3) voxels in the brain using an image-selected in vivo spectroscopy pulse sequence. betaNTP was lower (P < 0.04) and gammaNTP was higher (P < 0.04) in the patient group compared with the normal control group. Our results are suggestive of increased cerebral energy metabolism taking place in the forensic patients.