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1.
Stefanie Kimbacher Ingrid Gerstl Branko Velimirov Sylvia Hagemann 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(2):165-172
P transposons belong to the eukaryotic DNA transposons, which are transposed by a cut and paste mechanism using a P-element-coded transposase. They have been detected in Drosophila, and reside as single copies and stable homologous sequences in many vertebrate species. We present the P elements Pcin1, Pcin2 and Pcin3 from Ciona intestinalis, a species of the most primitive chordates, and compare them with those from Ciona savignyi. They showed typical DNA transposon structures, namely terminal inverted repeats and target site duplications. The coding
region of Pcin1 consisted of 13 small exons that could be translated into a P-transposon-homologous protein. C. intestinalis and C. savignyi displayed nearly the same phenotype. However, their P elements were highly divergent and the assumed P transposase from C. intestinalis was more closely related to the transposase from Drosophila melanogaster than to the transposase of C. savignyi. The present study showed that P elements with typical features of transposable DNA elements may be found already at the base of the chordate lineage.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
2.
Post-pollination hybridization barriers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nicotiana</Emphasis> section <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alatae</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Christopher B. Lee Lawrence E. Page Bruce A. McClure Timothy P. Holtsford 《Sexual plant reproduction》2008,21(3):183-195
Nicotiana section Alatae contains eight species with variable flower sizes and morphologies. Section members readily hybridize in the glasshouse,
but no hybrids have been observed in natural sympatric and parapatric populations. To investigate interspecific crossing relationships
with respect to mechanisms preventing hybridization, all members of section Alatae were intercrossed in a complete diallel. We found positive correlation between the pistil length of the pollen donor and
interspecific seed set relative to the conspecific cross. Pollen tube growth rate and pollen donor pistil length were positively
correlated as well. Furthermore, pollen from short-pistil members of section Alatae could only grow a maximum distance proportional to, but greater than, their own pistil lengths. Our results show that pollen
tube growth capacity (i.e., rate and distance), provides a hybridization barrier in long-pistil species × short-pistil species
crosses. We also found another hybridization barrier not specifically related to pollen tube growth capacity in short-pistil
species × long-pistil species. Taken together, these barriers can generally be described by a ‘pistil-length mismatch’ rule;
in section Alatae, pollen has the most success fertilizing ovules from species with pistil lengths similar to their own. This rule could contribute
to hybridization barriers in Section Alatae because the species display dramatically different pistil lengths.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
3.
A genetic transformation system has been developed for callus cells of Crataegus
aronia using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Callus culture was established from internodal stem segments incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
5 mg l−1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). In order to optimize the callus culture system with respect to callus growth and coloration, different
types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested. Results indicated that the best average fresh weight of red
colored callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin) (callus maintenance medium). Callus cells were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1302 carrying the mgfp5 and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) genes conferring green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity and hygromycin resistance, respectively. Putative transgenic calli
were obtained 4 weeks after incubation of the co-cultivated explants onto maintenance medium supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin. Molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the transgenes in transformed callus. To our knowledge, this
is the first time to report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Crataegus
aronia. 相似文献
4.
Genome sequence analysis of Xanthomonas
oryzae pv. oryzae has revealed a cluster of 12 ORFs that are closely related to the gum gene cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. The gum gene cluster of X. oryzae encodes proteins involved in xanthan production; however, there is little experimental evidence supporting this. In this
study, biochemical analyses of xanthan produced by a defined set of X. oryzae
gum mutant strains allowed us to preliminarily assign functions to most of the gum gene products: biosynthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit for GumD, GumM, GumH, GumK, and GumI, xanthan polymerization
and transport for GumB, GumC, GumE, and GumJ, and modification of the pentasaccharide repeating unit for GumF, GumG, and GumL.
In addition, we found that the exopolysaccharides are essential but not specific for the virulence of X. oryzae.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Sang-Yoon Kim and Jeong-Gu Kim contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
5.
6.
Christoph Bleidorn Deborah Lanterbecq Igor Eeckhaut Ralph Tiedemann 《Development genes and evolution》2009,219(4):211-216
Using degenerate primers, we were able to identify seven Hox genes for the myzostomid Myzostoma cirriferum. The recovered fragments belong to anterior class (Mci_lab, Mci_pb), central class (Mci_Dfd, Mci_Lox5, Mci_Antp, Mci_Lox4), and posterior class (Mci_Post2) paralog groups. Orthology assignment was verified by phylogenetic analyses and presence of diagnostic regions in the homeodomain
as well as flanking regions. The presence of Lox5, Lox4, and Post2 supports the inclusion of Myzostomida within Lophotrochozoa. We found signature residues within flanking regions of Lox5, which are also found in annelids, but not in Platyhelminthes. As such the available Hox genes data of myzostomids support an annelid relationship.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
7.
Jerzy Woyke Jerzy Wilde Maria Wilde Venkataramegowda Sivaram Cleofas Cervancia Narajanappa Nagaraja Muniswamyreddy Reddy 《Journal of Insect Behavior》2008,21(6):481-494
Defense behavior of three, free living giant (Megapis) honey bee subspecies, Apis laboriosa, A. dorsata dorsata and A. dorsata breviligula, was compared. Disturbed worker bees responded with characteristic dorso-ventral defense body twisting (DBT). Workers of
A. laboriosa twisted the thorax by 55°, and the two other A. dorsata subspecies by about 10° more. A. laboriosa workers raised the tip of the abdomen by 90° and workers of the two other bee subspecies by about 20° higher. Differences
in those traits were highly significant between A. laboriosa and both A. dorsata subspecies, but were not significant between those two subspecies. The whole cycle of DBT was the most vigorous in A. d. breviligula (0.11 s), and it was twice as vigorous as in A. d. dorsata (0.26 s) and trice as in A. laboriosa (0.32 s). A. laboriosa twisted the body together with wings folded over the abdomen, while the two A. dorsata subspecies raised the abdomen between spread wings. This supports the opinion to treat A. laboriosa as a separate species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
Partial gyrB sequences (>1 kb) were obtained from 34 type strains of the genus Amycolatopsis. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine the effectiveness of using this gene to predict taxonomic relationships
within the genus. The use of gyrB sequence analysis as an alternative to DNA–DNA hybridization was also assessed for distinguishing closely related species.
The gyrB based phylogeny mostly confirmed the conventional 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny and thus provides additional support for
certain of these 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic groupings. Although pairwise gyrB sequence similarity cannot be used to predict the DNA relatedness between type strains, the gyrB genetic distance can be used as a means to assess quickly whether an isolate is likely to represent a new species in the
genus Amycolatopsis. In particular a genetic distance of >0.02 between two Amycolatopsis strains (based on a 315 bp variable region of the gyrB gene) is proposed to provide a good indication that they belong to different species (and that polyphasic taxonomic characterization
of the unknown strain is worth undertaking).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The GenBank accession numbers for the gyrB gene sequences obtained in this study are shown in Table 1. 相似文献
9.
Yu YJ Wu SC Chan HH Chen YC Chen ZY Yang MT 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,81(3):523-532
A novel microbial transglutaminase (TGase) from the cultural filtrate of Streptomyces netropsis BCRC 12429 (Sn) was purified. The specific activity of the purified TGase was 18.2 U/mg protein with an estimated molecular
mass of 38 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The TGase gene of S. netropsis was cloned and an open reading frame of 1,242 bp encoding a protein of 413 amino acids was identified. The Sn TGase was synthesized
as a precursor protein with a preproregion of 82 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature S. netropsis TGase shares 78.9–89.6% identities with TGases from Streptomyces spp. A high level of soluble Sn TGase with its N-terminal propeptide fused with thioredoxin was expressed in E. coli. A simple and efficient process was applied to convert the purified recombinant protein into an active enzyme and showed
activity equivalent to the authentic mature TGase.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
10.
A non-characterized gene, previously proposed as the d-tagatose-3-epimerase gene from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 64 kDa with two identical subunits. The enzyme specificity was highest with d-fructose and decreased for other substrates in the order: d-tagatose, d-psicose, d-ribulose, d-xylulose and d-sorbose. Its activity was maximal at pH 9 and 40°C while being enhanced by Mn2+. At pH 9 and 40°C, 118 g d-psicose l−1 was produced from 700 g d-fructose l−1 after 3 h.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
11.
Luciana Delgado-Benarroch Barry Causier Julia Weiss Marcos Egea-Cortines 《Planta》2009,229(6):1219-1229
Control of organ size is the product of coordinated cell division and expansion. In plants where one of these pathways is
perturbed, organ size is often unaffected as compensation mechanisms are brought into play. The number of founder cells in
organ primordia, dividing cells, and the period of cell proliferation determine cell number in lateral organs. We have identified
the Antirrhinum FORMOSA (FO) gene as a specific regulator of floral size. Analysis of cell size and number in the fo mutant, which has increased flower size, indicates that FO is an organ-specific inhibitor of cell division and activator of cell expansion. Increased cell number in fo floral organs correlated with upregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle. In Arabidopsis the AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) gene promotes cell division. In the fo mutant increased cell number also correlates with upregulation of an Antirrhinum ANT-like gene (Am-ANT) in inflorescences that is very closely related to ANT and shares a similar expression pattern, suggesting that they may be functional equivalents. Increased cell proliferation
is thought to be compensated for by reduced cell expansion to maintain organ size. In Arabidopsis petal cell expansion is inhibited by the BIGPETAL (BPE) gene, and in the fo mutant reduced cell size corresponded to upregulation of an Antirrhinum BPE-like gene (Am-BPE). Our data suggest that FO inhibits cell proliferation by negatively regulating Am-ANT, and acts upstream of Am-BPE to coordinate floral organ size. This demonstrates that organ size is modulated by the organ-specific control of both general
and local gene networks.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
12.
Wu X Li X Xu C Wang S 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,118(1):185-191
Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is the most devastating plant bacterial disease worldwide. Different bacterial blight resistance (R) genes confer race-specific resistance to different strains of Xoo. We fine mapped a fully recessive gene, xa24, for bacterial blight resistance to a 71-kb DNA fragment in the long arm of rice chromosome 2 using polymerase chain reaction-based
molecular markers. The xa24 gene confers disease resistance at the seedling and adult stages. It mediates resistance to at least the Philippine Xoo races 4, 6 and 10 and Chinese Xoo strains Zhe173, JL691 and KS-1-21. Sequence analysis of the DNA fragment harboring the dominant (susceptible) allele of xa24 suggests that this gene should encode a novel protein that is not homologous to any known R proteins. These results will
greatly facilitate the isolation and characterization of xa24. The markers will be convenient tools for marker-assisted selection of xa24 in breeding programs.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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15.
Katsuyuki Kakeda 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(9):1453-1460
Diploid Hordeum bulbosum (a wild relative of cultivated barley) exhibits a two-locus self-incompatibility (SI) system gametophytically controlled
by the unlinked multiallelic loci S and Z. This unique SI system is observed in the grasses (Poaceae) including the tribe Triticeae. This paper describes the identification
and characterization of two F-box genes cosegregating with the S locus in H. bulbosum, named Hordeum
S locus-linked F-box 1 (HSLF1) and HSLF2, which were derived from an S
3 haplotype-specific clone (HAS175) obtained by previous AMF (AFLP-based mRNA fingerprinting) analysis. Sequence analysis showed
that both genes encode similar F-box proteins with a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, which are distinct from
S locus (or S haplotype-specific) F-box protein (SLF/SFB), a class of F-box proteins identified as the pollen S determinant in S-RNase-based gametophytic SI systems. A number of homologous F-box genes with an LRR domain were found in
the rice genome, although the functions of the gene family are unknown. One allele of the HSLF1 gene (HSLF1-S
3) was expressed specifically in mature anthers, whereas no expression was detected from the other two alleles examined. Although
the degree of sequence polymorphism among the three HSLF1 alleles was low, a frameshift mutation was found in one of the unexpressed alleles. The HSLF2 gene showed a low level of expression with no tissue specificity as well as little sequence polymorphism among the three
alleles. The multiplicity of S locus-linked F-box genes is discussed in comparison with those found in the S-RNase-based SI system.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB511822–AB511825
and AB511859–AB511862. 相似文献
16.
The microtubule-binding protein tau has been investigated for its contribution to various neurodegenerative disorders. However,
the findings from transgenic studies, using the same tau transgene, vary widely among different laboratories. Here, we have investigated the potential mechanisms underlying tauopathies
by comparing Drosophila (d-tau) and human (h-tau) tau in a Drosophila model. Overexpression of a single copy of either tau isoform in the retina results in a similar rough eye phenotype. However, co-expression of Par-1 with d-tau leads to lethality, whereas co-expression of Par-1 with h-tau has little effect on the rough eye phenotype. We have found analogous results by comparing larval proteomes. Through genetic
screening and proteomic analysis, we have identified some important potential modifiers and tau-associated proteins. These
results suggest that the two tau genes differ significantly. This comparison between species-specific isoforms may help to clarify whether the homologous
tau genes are conserved.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (30270341; 30630028), the Multidisciplinary Program (Brain
and Mind) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Major State Basic Research Program (“973 program”; G2000077800; G2006CB806600;
2006CB911003), the Precedent Project of Important Intersectional Disciplines in the Knowledge Innovation Engineering of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX1-09-03). 相似文献
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18.
To understand the metabolic characteristics of Clostridium acetobutylicum and to examine the potential for enhanced butanol production, we reconstructed the genome-scale metabolic network from its
annotated genomic sequence and analyzed strategies to improve its butanol production. The generated reconstructed network
consists of 502 reactions and 479 metabolites and was used as the basis for an in silico model that could compute metabolic and growth performance for comparison with fermentation data. The in silico model successfully predicted metabolic fluxes during the acidogenic phase using classical flux balance analysis. Nonlinear
programming was used to predict metabolic fluxes during the solventogenic phase. In addition, essential genes were predicted
via single gene deletion studies. This genome-scale in silico metabolic model of C. acetobutylicum should be useful for genome-wide metabolic analysis as well as strain development for improving production of biochemicals,
including butanol.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
J. L. and H. Y. equally contributed to this work. 相似文献
19.
The purpose of this research is to identify the probable mitochondrial factor associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (cms)
by comparative analysis of cms and its isogenic maintainer lines in stem mustards. Dramatic variations in the morphology of
floral organs were observed in cms stem mustard. Mitochondrial atpA gene was shown to be altered in cms compared with that in its maintainer line, of which mitochondrial atpA gene from its maintainer line was sequenced to encode 507 amino acids. It was indicative of high homology with mitochondrial
atpA genes from other species, even as high as 94% in similarity with Oryza sativa in terms of amino acid constituents. However, only 429 amino acids were deduced in cms showing 83% similarity with atpA gene from its maintainer line. Two copies were observed in its maintainer line, but only one was found in cms. Such numerous
differences of mitochondrial atpA gene between cms and its maintainer lines may not be the results of evolutionary divergence but the rearrangements of mitochondria.
Expression of mitochondrial atpA gene was shown to be down-regulated in cms by using Northern blot. Consequently, mitochondrial ATP synthesis was severely
decreased more than one fold in cms stem mustard indicating deficiency in mitochondrial ATP synthesis in this type of cms.
Therefore, we deduced that mitochondrial atpA gene altered in cms could be associated with male-sterility in this type of cms.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Jing-Hua Yang and Yan Huai contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bao P. Dharmawardhana R. Arias M. B. Allen C. Ma Steven H. Strauss 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(6):947-962
We describe the development of a reporter system for monitoring meristem initiation in poplar using promoters of poplar homologs
to the meristem-active regulatory genes WUSCHEL (WUS) and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM). When ~3 kb of the 5′ flanking regions of close homologs were used to drive expression of the GUSPlus gene, 50–60% of the transgenic events showed expression in apical and axillary meristems. However, expression was also common
in other organs, including in leaf veins (40 and 46% of WUS and STM transgenic events, respectively) and hydathodes (56% of WUS transgenic events). Histochemical GUS staining of explants during callogenesis and shoot regeneration using in vitro stems
as explants showed that expression was detectable prior to visible shoot development, starting 3–15 days after explants were
placed onto callus inducing medium. A minority of WUS and STM events also showed expression in the cambium, phloem, or xylem of regenerated, greenhouse grown plants undergoing secondary
growth. Based on microarray gene expression data, a paralog of poplar WUS was detectably up-regulated during shoot initiation, but the other paralog was not. Both paralogs of poplar STM were down-regulated threefold to sixfold during early callus initiation. We identified 15–35 copies of cytokinin response
regulator binding motifs (ARR1AT) and one copy of the auxin response element (AuxRE) in both promoters. Several of the events
recovered may be useful for studying the process of primary and secondary meristem development, including treatments intended
to stimulate meristem development to promote clonal propagation and genetic transformation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献