沙棘汁对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢和血液血红蛋白、肌酸激酶、睾酮的影响

目的:探讨沙棘汁对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢和血液部分生化指标的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为安静组、训练组、沙棘训练组,6周训练和补充沙棘汁后,测定大鼠骨骼肌和血液的有关指标。结果:沙棘训练组与训练组相比,运动至力竭的时间明显延长;骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性明显升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量极为显著降低;血睾酮(T)和血红蛋白(Hb)均明显升高;肌酸激酶(CK)显著降低。结论:沙棘汁能增强大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力,提高血睾酮和血红蛋白水平,延缓疲劳出现,提高其有氧耐力运动的能力。     

大鼠一次性力竭跑台运动模型的建立及动态评价

目的跑台急性运动疲劳动物模型的建立及评价。方法选取清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠24只(8周龄)作为实验对象。采用多级递增负荷跑台运动方案(跑台坡度为0°,负荷分为三级)建立一次性力竭跑台运动动物模型。尾静脉取血,分别测定大鼠在安静、运动30 min、运动90 min、力竭、恢复30 min、恢复90 min各时间点外周血葡萄糖(GLU)、乳酸(LD)、尿素(BU)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度和肌酸激酶(CK)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果一次性力竭运动过程中大鼠行为能力和运动能力、血液代谢产物及能量物质呈现阶段性的动态变化。外周血LD、BU、MDA浓度及CK活性均较安静时显著性增高(P<0.01,P<0.05);GLU浓度、SOD活性较安静时显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。各指标的变化特征说明大鼠已达到运动疲劳状态。结论建立了大鼠一次性力竭跑台运动模型,并客观动态评价了大鼠在运动疲劳产生、发展、恢复等不同阶段各指标的变化特点及规律。该模型可用于后续运动疲劳机制的相关研究。     

美洲大蠊提取物对力竭运动大鼠心血管氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:通过美洲大蠊提取物(PAE)对力竭运动大鼠心肌自由基代谢的影响,探讨其对心肌氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:雄性SPF级健康SD大鼠40只,随机分为安静组、运动组、美洲大蠊提取物安静组、美洲大蠊提取物运动组(n=10)。服药组每天灌服2 ml美洲大蠊提取物(美洲大蠊提取物按50 mg/kg配制,溶于2 ml蒸馏水中灌胃给药),对照组每次灌蒸馏水2 ml。每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃14 d后,美洲大蠊提取物运动组与运动组大鼠进行一次性力竭游泳运动建立力竭模型,记录大鼠力竭运动时间。力竭运动结束时即刻取样,检测血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并检测观察心肌组织中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)基因的表达情况。结果:与安静组相比,一次力竭游泳后,运动组心肌SOD、GSH-Px的活性明显降低(P0.01),而MDA含量显著升高(P0.01);而美洲大蠊提取物能够显著提高力竭SD大鼠的心肌SOD、GSH-Px的活性(P0.01),降低MDA含量(P0.01),e Nos基因表达增高。结论:大鼠力竭运动后心肌会发生氧化损伤,美洲大蠊提取物干预后能够增加力竭运动后大鼠心肌的抗氧化能力,对力竭运动所致心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用,进而增强大鼠运动能力。     

牛磺酸对运动大鼠甲状腺激素及心肌第二信使的影响

目的：探讨牛磺酸对力竭运动后大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法：以大鼠力竭运动为模型,研究牛磺酸对血清和心肌中四碘甲腺原氨酸（T4）和三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）,心肌T45’－脱单碘酸（T45’－DI）活性、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）水平的影响。结果：力竭运动可造成血清和心肌中T3水平、心肌中T45’－DI活力和cAMP含量显著升高（P＜0．01）,T4水平无显著性改变;而补充牛磺酸可显著抑制力竭运动后大鼠血清和心肌中T3水平的升高,抑制心肌中T45’－DI活力和cAMP含量的显著增加。结论：牛磺酸对大鼠力竭运动后心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

黄芪对缺氧小鼠抗运动疲劳作用的效果研究

目的:黄芪是一种传统的提高身体各项机能的中药,本研究旨在探讨黄芪在高原缺氧环境下对运动小鼠疲劳缓解的效果.方法:雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为对照组和黄芪高、中、低3个剂量组(30.0,3.0,1.0 g/kg),平原对照组在平原环境下饲养,缺氧小鼠在模拟5000m高原环境中饲养,每天灌胃给药,10d后在缺氧环境下进行游泳力竭实验,观察小鼠游泳力竭时间,同时检测血乳酸、血糖、肝糖原以及血清SOD活性和肝脏MDA等指标的变化.结果:与空白对照组比较,黄芪各剂量组可明显提高缺氧小鼠力竭游泳时间(P＜0.05),减少血乳酸曲线下面积(P＜0.05);黄芪高、中剂量组肝糖原显著增加(P＜0.05),力竭游泳后血糖明显升高(P＜0.05),SOD活性升高(P＜0.05),MDA降低(P＜0.05).结论:黄芪可显著缓解高原低氧小鼠的运动疲劳,具有明显的抗高原疲劳效果,具有进一步研究的价值.     

谷氨酰胺对力竭性游泳大鼠抗氧化作用的影响

目的：探讨谷氨酰胺（Gin）对力竭性游泳大鼠的抗氧化保护作用。方法：灌服Gin大鼠力竭游泳2h后,检测血清、肾、肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量的变化。结果：力竭性游泳大鼠血清、肝SOD显著升高,肾SOD显著下降;肾MDA含量显著增高,血清和肾GSH显著下降。补充Gin能抑制血清、肝组织SOD升高和肾组织MDA的增多。结论：Gin对力竭性游泳所致的氧化应激有一定的保护作用。     

肌酸对游泳大鼠乳酸、糖原含量和乳酸脱氢酶活性的影响

为探讨肌酸对提高大鼠运动能力的作用 ,观察了肌酸对游泳大鼠血清、心肌和骨骼肌乳酸、糖原含量和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性的影响。实验用雄性wistar大鼠 2 4只 ,随机分为正常组、游泳对照组和游泳补充肌酸组。两个游泳组每天游泳训练 1h,9天后 ,游泳 4h ,测定血清、心肌和骨骼肌乳酸水平 ,测定血清和骨骼肌乳酸脱氢酶活性以及心肌与骨骼肌糖原含量。结果显示 :肌酸可抑制游泳运动后大鼠血清、心肌和骨骼肌乳酸浓度以及血清LDH活性的升高幅度 ,抑制心肌和骨骼肌糖原含量及骨骼肌LDH活力的下降。以上结果表明 ,肌酸可改善运动后机体乳酸和糖原的代谢 ,降低运动性疲劳 ,提高大鼠的运动能力     

γ-氨基丁酸茶对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

目的:研究γ-氨基丁酸茶对小鼠的抗疲劳作用.方法:采用昆明种小鼠游泳力竭实验,实验动物分为γ-氨基丁酸茶高、中和低实验组及空白对照组,分别检测游泳力竭时间,测定小鼠血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原,血清BUN、LDH、CK、SOD、MDA、GSH-PX,以及游泳前后的血乳酸.结果:γ-氨基丁酸茶对小鼠的实验期间的体重无明显影响.力...     

大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响

目的:探讨大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为安静组、训练组、大蒜素训练组(n=10),6周训练和补充大蒜素后,测定大鼠骨骼肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、Ca2+-ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase和血清Ca2+的含量。结果:大蒜素训练组与训练组相比,运动至力竭的时间明显延长;骨骼肌抗氧化能力明显升高,Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase及血清Ca2+极为显著升高。结论:大蒜素能增强大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力,延缓疲劳出现。     

富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的:研究富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法:将32只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、实验组和阳性对照组(n=8)。实验组术前按5.0 g/(kg·d)灌服富硒板党水溶液,阳性对照组按300 mg/(kg·d)灌服通心络胶囊,假手术组和模型组按5 ml/(kg·d)灌服生理盐水,连续给药14 d,参考Jonassen方法制作心肌缺血/再灌注模型,记录再灌注30 min内发生的的心律失常,并对室性心律失常(VA)进行量化评分,监测再灌注30 min时左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室内压力上升最大速率(LV+dp/dtmax)及左室压力下降最大速率(LV-dp/dtmax),检测各组大鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性与丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与与假手术组比,模型组大鼠LVSP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著降低,VA和LVEDP明显升高,血清LDH、CK活性显著增强,SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量明显增加(P0.01);与模型组比,实验组及阳性对照组大鼠LVSP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著升高,VA和LVEDP明显降低,血清LDH、CK活性显著降低,SOD活性显著增强,MDA含量明显减少(P0.01);与阳性对照组比,实验组大鼠VA、LVSP、+dp/dtmax、LVEDP-dp/dtmax和血清LDH、CK、SOD活性与MDA含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制与抗氧化损伤有一定关系。     

力竭游泳对大鼠不同类型肌纤维自由基代谢和血清酶的影响

本研究观察了负重力竭游泳前后大鼠不同类型肌纤维中与自由基代谢有关的若干指标 ,如丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和血清肌酸激酶 (CK)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、谷草转氨酶 (GOT)活性的变化     

急性运动对大鼠骨骼肌中丙二醛和血清肌酸激酶的影响

研究一次急性力竭运动对大鼠骨骼肌红肌、白肌中脂质过氧化水平的影响及血清酶的变化情况。发现运动组大鼠红肌中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性比安静组显著升高;白肌中ＭＤＡ含量、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和ＡＫＰ活性有升高的趋势;血清肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）活性运动组比安静组有显著升高;但肌肉中ＭＤＡ含量与血清ＣＫ活性之间无显著相关。因此,ＭＤＡ增多可能并不是血清ＣＫ活性升高的主要原因。     

Increased lymphocyte antioxidant defences in response to exhaustive exercise do not prevent oxidative damage

It has been reported that exercise induces oxidative stress and causes adaptations in antioxidant defences. The aim of this study was to determine the adaptations of lymphocytes to the oxidative stress induced by an exhaustive exercise. Nine voluntary male subjects participated in the study. The exercise was a cycling mountain stage (171.8 km), and the cyclists took a mean of 283 min to complete it. Blood samples were taken the morning of the cycling stage day, after overnight fasting, and 3 h after finishing the stage. We determined the blood glutathione redox status (GSSG/GSH), lymphocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels; the plasma and lymphocyte vitamin E levels; the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and urate levels; the plasma carotene and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels; and the lymphocyte carbonyl index. The cycling stage induced significant increases in blood-oxidized (glutathione/GSSG), plasma MDA and serum urate levels. The exercise also produced increases in CK and LDH serum activities. The mountain cycling stage induced significant increases in lymphocyte vitamin E levels, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities as well as increased SOD activity and protein levels. The protein carbonyl levels increased significantly in lymphocytes after the stage. In conclusion, in spite of increasing antioxidant defences in response to the oxidative stress induced by the exhaustive exercise, lymphocyte oxidative damage was produced after the stage as demonstrated by the increased carbonyl index even in very well trained athletes.     

Baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Stable coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause repetitive reversible myocardial ischaemia, and it seems to be possible that reversibly injured myocardium releases small amounts of soluble cytoplasmic proteins. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the effect of stable CAD on baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers. We studied 68 consecutive outpatients referred for gated myocardial perfusion imaging. Before a treadmill exercise test, blood samples for measurement of creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB) mass, myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were collected. Normal perfusion patterns were detected in 29 (43%) patients (group 1) and perfusion defects were detected in 39 (57%) patients (group 2). Baseline serum levels of biomarkers except CK were significantly higher in group 2 (p=0.001). Stable CAD increases baseline levels of CK-MB mass, myoglobin, AST and LDH in the serum and this increase is related to the extent and severity of the perfusion defect and to some extent the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.     

Baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Stable coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause repetitive reversible myocardial ischaemia, and it seems to be possible that reversibly injured myocardium releases small amounts of soluble cytoplasmic proteins. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the effect of stable CAD on baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers. We studied 68 consecutive outpatients referred for gated myocardial perfusion imaging. Before a treadmill exercise test, blood samples for measurement of creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB) mass, myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were collected. Normal perfusion patterns were detected in 29 (43%) patients (group 1) and perfusion defects were detected in 39 (57%) patients (group 2). Baseline serum levels of biomarkers except CK were significantly higher in group 2 (p=0.001). Stable CAD increases baseline levels of CK-MB mass, myoglobin, AST and LDH in the serum and this increase is related to the extent and severity of the perfusion defect and to some extent the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.     

Effects of Methane-Rich Saline on the Capability of One-Time Exhaustive Exercise in Male SD Rats

Purpose

To explore the effects of methane-rich saline (CH₄ saline) on the capability of one-time exhaustive exercise in male SD rats.

Methods

Thirty rats were equally divided into to three groups at random: control group (C), placebo group (P) and methane saline group (M). Rats in M group underwent intraperitoneal injection of CH₄ saline, and the other two groups simultaneously underwent intraperitoneal injection of normal saline. Then, the exercise capability of rats was tested through one-time exhaustive treadmill exercise except C group. Exercise time and body weight were recorded before and after one-time exhaustive exercise. After exhaustive exercise, the blood and gastrocnemius samples were collected from all rats to detect biochemical parameters in different methods.

Results

It was found that the treadmill running time was significantly longer in rats treated with CH₄ saline. At the same time, CH₄ saline reduced the elevation of LD and UN in blood caused by one-time exhaustive exercise. The low level of blood glucose induced by exhaustive exercise was also normalized by CH₄ saline. Also CH₄ saline lowered the level of CK in plasma. Furthermore, this research indicated that CH₄ saline markedly increased the volume of T-AOC in plasma and alleviated the peak of TNF-α in both plasma and gastrocnemius. From H&E staining, CH₄ saline effectively improved exercise-induced structural damage in gastrocnemius.

Conclusions

CH₄ saline could enhance exercise capacity in male SD rats through increase of glucose aerobic oxidation, improvement of metabolic clearance and decrease of exhaustive exercise-induced gastrocnemius injury.     

Hydrogen peroxide enhanced inron-induced injury in isolated heart and ventricular cardiomyocyte in rats

To explore the cardiac effects of iron with or without hydrogen peroxide, the isolated perfused rat heart and enzymatically isolated ventricular cardiomyocyte were used. It was shown that treatment with cell-permeable iron (Fe-HQ) for 10 min reduced the contractile amplitude and velocity and end diastolic cell length in the cardiomyocyte and increased the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in the coronary effluent and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardium. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), ± dP/dtmax, and heart rate and coronary flow are showed a biphasic phase, an increase at first followed by a decline. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide for 10 min following Fe-HQ augmented the effect of iron with an increase in coronary LDH and CK release and myocardial MDA content, and decrease in LVDP, ± dP/dtmax and heart rate. Perfusion of reduced glutathione with hydrogen peroxide counteracted these effects of Fe-HQ and hydrogen peroxide while dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect on the injury induced by Fe-HQ and hydrogen peroxide in the isolated rat heart. This suggests that augmentation of myocardial injury as a result of an increase in intracellular iron by hydrogen peroxide might involve the dysfunction of sulfydryl group containing proteins but not the hydroxyl radicals.     

NADPH氧化酶抑制剂apocynin对力竭运动大鼠运动性蛋白尿的影响

目的：研究NADPH氧化酶抑制剂apocynin对力竭运动大鼠运动性蛋白尿产生的影响及其机制。方法：32只SD雄性大鼠随机分为安静对照组（C组）、对照+药物组（CA组）、力竭运动组（E组）、力竭运动+药物组（EA组）。药物注射按10 mg/kg体重,每天一次,连续3 d,并在末次药物注射1 h后进行一次性跑台力竭运动。测定运动后尿UP、血液BUN水平、肾脏ROS浓度、NOS活性、NOS与3-NT蛋白含量。结果：结果显示,E组UP、肾脏ROS、iNOS含量及活性、3-NT明显升高,而EA组的这些指标与C组相比无显著性差异。结论：力竭运动可明显增加肾组织NADPH氧化酶活性,从而产生大量的ROS,后者可迅速地与由肾脏iNOS催化生成的NO反应,产生过量的ONOO^-,诱发运动性蛋白尿的生成。     

PKC抑制剂对力竭运动大鼠肾脏裂孔膜蛋白表达的影响*

目的: 观察大鼠在一次性力竭运动后肾脏裂孔膜蛋白的表达水平,探究PKC抑制剂对其蛋白表达水平的影响,揭示PKC在运动性蛋白尿形成中的作用机制。方法: SD雄性大鼠30只随机分为对照组(C)、运动组(E)、运动联合PKC抑制剂组(EPI),每组10只。E组和EPI组大鼠分别进行一次性跑台力竭运动(25 m/min),EPI组大鼠运动前1 d及1 h腹腔注射PKC抑制剂白屈菜红碱(chelerythrine,5 mg/kg),C组和E组注射相应体积的生理盐水。运动后即刻麻醉后,取血液、尿液及肾脏组织,使用化学比色法检测尿蛋白、尿酸、尿糖、血尿素、血尿酸、血糖水平,使用荧光探针法检测肾脏ROS水平,使用Western blot法检测肾脏PKC、Nox2、Nox4、nephrin、podocin蛋白表达。结果: ①与C组相比,E组尿蛋白、尿酸、尿糖、血尿素、血尿酸显著增多(P＜0.05),血糖显著减少(P＜0.01),肾脏ROS生成显著增多(P＜0.01),肾脏nephrin、podocin蛋白表达明显降低(P＜0.05),PKC、Nox2、Nox4蛋白表达明显增多(P＜0.05);②与E组比,EPI组尿蛋白、尿糖、血尿素显著减少(P＜0.05),血糖显著增加(P＜ 0.01),肾脏ROS生成显著降低(P＜0.01),EPI组肾组织中nephrin、podocin蛋白表达明显增加(P＜0.05),PKC、Nox2蛋白表达明显降低(P＜0.05)。结论: 一次性力竭运动通过PKC/NOX/ROS途径使大鼠肾脏裂孔膜蛋白nephrin、podocin表达下调;PKC抑制剂缓解力竭运动导致的肾脏裂孔膜蛋白表达下降,预防运动性蛋白尿的发生。