基于ITS序列对中国簇毛黄耆亚属（黄耆属）系统学问题的初步研究

测定了簇毛黄耆亚属（Pogonophace)4组8种和外类群Caragana roborovskyi的ITS序列,从GenBank中调出相关12属47种的ITS序列,组成数据距阵,应用PAUP程序中的最大简约法构建了系统发育树状图。扁荚组（Sect.Sesbanella)与亚属其余类群在系统树上处于不同的分支,亲缘关系较远这个亚属不是一个单系类群;膨果组（Sect.Bibracteola)。背扁组（Sect.Phyllolobium)和袋果组（Sect.Trichostylus)作为一个单系类群能得到ITS序列的支持,但与分组以及膨果组下系的划分都得不到ITS序列分析的支持。     

基于ITS序列对中国簇毛黄耆亚属(黄耆属)系统学问题的初步研究

测定了簇毛黄耆亚属(Pogonophace)4组8种和外类群Caragana roborovskyi的ITS序列,从GenBank中调出相关12属47种的ITS序列,组成数据距阵,应用PAUP程序中的最大简约法构建了系统发育树状图.扁荚组(Sect. Sesbanella)与亚属其余类群在系统树上处于不同的分支,亲缘关系较远,这个亚属不是一个单系类群;膨果组(Sect. Bibracteola),背扁组(Sect. Phyllolobium)和袋果组(Sect. Trichostylus)作为一个单系类群能得到ITS序列的支持,但与鱼鳔槐亚族比与黄耆属其他类群的关系更近; Astragatus complanatus和A. tribulifolius可能为一对替代种;亚属下的分组以及膨果组下系的划分都得不到ITS序列分析的支持.     

基于ITS序列分析探讨杜鹃属映山红亚属的组间关系

以叶状苞亚属的叶状苞杜鹃为外类群,以杜鹃属映山红亚属（subg.Tsutsusi)2组12种杜鹃和羊踯躅亚属（subg.Pentanthera）3种4种杜鹃的ITS区（包括5.8S rDNA)的序列了系统学分析。3个亚属的ITS区序长度范围为642－645bp。排序后ITS区的序列长度为653个位点,gap做缺失处理时,变异位点和信息位点分别占6．58％和3．68％。运用PAUP4．0软件分析,获得15个最简树,步长为75,一致性指数（CI）和维持性指数（RI）值分别为0．9333和0．9515,利用15个最简约树获取严格一致树,结果表明：1）映山红亚属为一单系类群,其内部支持率为81％;2）不支持将R.ashiroi独立成假映山红组,也不支持将R.tashiroi并入映山红组,而支持将R.tashiroi并入轮生叶组中的观点;3）支持将R.tsusiophyllum并入映山红组中的观点;4）大字杜鹃的系统位置还需进一步的研究。     

中国云南秋海棠属(秋海棠科)一新种——假侧膜秋海棠

描述了中国云南秋海棠科Begoniaceae秋海棠属Begonia扁果组sect．Platycentrum的一新种——假侧膜秋海棠Begonia coelocentroides Y.M．Shui＆Z．D．Wei。该种与山地秋海棠B．oreodoxa Chun＆F．Chun相似,子房上部为侧膜胎座,但雌花被片5,蒴果最大翅舌形,长20-22mm,而易于区别。     

中国秋海棠属等翅组的补遗（英文）

报道了中国秋海棠属等翅组一新种,即赤车叶秋海棠(Begonia pellionioides Y.M.ShuiW.H.Chen)。此新种特产于云南东南部的石灰岩山生境,与海南秋海棠(Begonia hainanensis ChunF.Chun)相似,但不同在于其叶片较长,叶基楔形,叶尖渐尖至尾尖,花被片背面具刺毛,蒴果具上边缘平截的三角形翅。此外,补充描述了秋海棠属等翅组拟长柄秋海棠(Begonia sublongipes Y.M.Shui)的花部特征。     

中国秋海棠属植物两新记录种（英文）

报道了中国秋海棠属两个新记录种:钩翅秋海棠Begonia demissa Craib和抱茎叶秋海棠Begonia subperfoliata Parish ex Kurz,两个种分别属于小秋海棠组Begonia sect.Parvibegonia A.DC.和东亚秋海棠组Begonia sect.Diploclinium(Wight)A.DC.。钩翅秋海棠和抱茎叶秋海棠模式产地分别为泰国和缅甸,两个种的地理新分布分别为云南省西双版纳傣族自治州的勐腊县勐远村和普洱市六顺镇。     

国产堇菜属的分子系统学研究

利用基于ITS序列的分子系统学对国产堇菜属(Viola L.)进行了系统发育重建,选择Hybanthus concolor和鳞隔堇(Scyphellandra pierrei)作为外类群,对国产堇菜属植物54种1亚种共66个序列进行分析。分子系统树中获得强烈支持的中国堇菜属属下组级分类群有Sect.Viola、Sect.Diffusae、Sect.Bilobatae、Sect.Vaginatae。Subgen.Melanium与Sect.Viola和Sect.Trigonocarpae聚在一起,说明它们的亲缘关系较近,但Sect.Trigonocarpae支获得的支持率较低。分子系统树证实了Subgen.Dischidium与Subgen.Chamaemelanium的近缘关系,但不支持根据距的长短将Subgen.Dischidium划分为Sect.Longicalcaratae和Sect.Brevicalcaratae的处理。而Pinnatae类群应该作为Sect.Adnatae下的一个亚组处理。根据分子系统发育和形态学特征对V.lucens、V.magnifica、V.dissecta、V.yunnanensis等的分类地位进行了重新评价。     

中国秋海棠属等翅组植物订正

根据海南秋海棠 (BegoniahainanensisChunetF .Chun)、多花秋海棠 (B sinofloribundaL .J.Dorr)及一新种———长柄秋海棠 (B sublongipesY .M .Shui)的特征比较 ,订正了中国秋海棠属等翅组 [Sect Petermannia (Klotzsch)A .DC .],使该组在中国增至 3个种。     

基于ITS与trnL—F序列探讨槭树科的系统发育

报道了槭树科41种（其中槭属39种0植物的trnL-F和ITS序列（其中部分种的ITS序列为重新测定），以期通过分子手段对槭树科内部尤其是复杂的槭属的系统发育关系进行重建。以无患子科和七叶树科为外类群，基于对57个种单独的ITS序列（包括从GenBank下载的16种的序列），41种trnL-F序列及41种两序列的联合数据，分析采用最大简约法（Maximum Parsimony Method)和邻接法（Neighbor-Joining Method)对槭树科的系统发育进行了分析。结果显示，整个槭树科为一单系类群；金钱槭位于槭树科的基部；但由于云南金钱槭（Dipteronia dyerana)聚在槭属内部，认为金钱槭属和槭属均可能是非单系类群；槭属内组间关系的支持率普遍较低，但多数组的组内关系得到了较好的支持。将两个片段结合比单独的ITS或trnL-F分析能更好地解决槭属内部的系统关系，其中sect,Palmata和sect.Micrcarpa,sect,Platanoidea,sect,Lithocarpa和sect.Macrophylla,sect,Integrifolia.Trifoliata和sect Pentaphylla,以及sect.Acer,sect.Goniocarpa和sect.Saccharina(sensu Ogata）的组间亲缘关系得到了一定的支持，但对其中部分组的划分可能应做进一步调整。重新评价了徐廷志系统中对sect.Rubra和sect.Saccharodendron的处理。     

基于nrDNA ITS序列数据的兰属系统发育关系的初步分析

现存的兰属分类系统是基于宏观形态学性状、尤其是花粉块的数目以及唇瓣与蕊柱的愈合程度而建立的。兰属因此而划分为3个亚属：兰亚属（subgenus Cymbidium),大花亚属（subgenus Cyperorchis)和建兰亚属（subgenus Jensoa）。本文运用PCR扩增和直接测序的方法分析兰属（Cymbidium）27种、3个栽培品种以及3个外类群的核DNA ITS区段序列,通过最简约性分析产生的ITS系统发育树表明,兰属的3个亚属均可能为不自然的类群,大花亚属表现为一复系群,兰亚属的冬凤兰（C.dayanum）隐藏于基点;建兰亚属为一并系群,它的成员之一兔耳兰（C.lancifolium）偏离出去而成为兰属一最基部的分支;兰亚属为一复系群,它分为几支而分别与另两个亚属组合在一起,由于兰属ITS序列位点变异率较低,最简约性分析产生的几支主要分支均得不到Bootstrap分析的高度支持,各亚属内组之间的关系也不明确,研究兰属的系统发育关系还需要新的数据。     

基于ITS序列探讨忍冬属的系统发育关系

以七子花(Heptacodium miconioides)为外类群,运用MEGA软件对20种忍冬属植物进行系统发育分析,采用邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)构建系统发育树,从分子系统学角度探讨忍冬属下的亲缘关系.结果表明:(1)在NJ和MP系统树中,没有形成系统树的基部分支,忍冬亚属(Subg.Chamaecerasus)和轮花亚属(Subg.Lonicera)没有形成姐妹群关系.(2)在各系统树中,囊管组内的各种没有聚为一支,故认为对囊管组的划分应进一步探讨.(3)忍冬属ITS区(ITS1+ITS2)的信息位点达到11.0%,信息位点比较丰富,证明ITS序列可以为解决忍冬属植物的系统发育问题提供较强的证据.     

中国秋海棠属 (秋海棠科) 植物的DNA条形码评价

秋海棠属植物种类繁多,形态变异多样,导致种类的系统放置混乱,近缘种类鉴定困难。利用DNA条形码实现物种快速准确的鉴定技术具有不受形态特征约束的优势,为秋海棠属植物的分类鉴定提供了新的方法。本研究选择4个DNA条形码候选片段（rbcL,matK,trnH psbA,ITS）对中国秋海棠属26种136个个体进行了分析。结果显示：叶绿体基因rbcL,matK和trnH psbA种内和种间变异小,对秋海棠属植物的鉴别能力有限;ITS/ITS2种内和种间变异大,在本研究中物种正确鉴定率达到100%/96%,可考虑作为秋海棠属DNA条形码鉴定的候选片段。研究结果支持中国植物条形码研究组建议将核基因ITS/ITS2纳入种子植物DNA条形码核心片段中的观点。     

ITS regions in diploids of Aegilops (Poaceae) and their phylogenetic implications

The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA in nine diploid species representing six sections of Aegilops were determined by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA fragments. These sequences were aligned with two ITS sequences of additional species from Genbank. Sequence divergences were estimated using Kimura two-parameter model, and the phylogenetic analyses were performed using the maximum parsimony (MP) and the neighbor-joining (NJ) methods with PAUP and PHYLIP, respectively. The sequence divergences between the diploid species varied from 0.5% to 4.68%. The resulting MP tree and NJ tree showed relatively congruent phylogenetic relationships among these species, except Ae. caudata. Particularly, Ae. speltoides was basal within the two trees. The paraphyletic relationships between Ae. speltoides and two species of Sect. Sitopsis, and between Ae. uniaristata and two species of Sect. Comopyrum were supported strongly. The ITS data suggest that currently recognized sections within Aegilops should be reconsidered.     

中国秋海棠属（秋海棠科）植物的DNA条形码评价

秋海棠属植物种类繁多,形态变异多样,导致种类的系统放置混乱,近缘种类鉴定困难。利用DNA条形码实现物种快速准确的鉴定技术具有不受形态特征约束的优势,为秋海棠属植物的分类鉴定提供了新的方法。本研究选择4个DNA条形码候选片段（rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,ITS）对中国秋海棠属26种136个个体进行了分析。结果显示：叶绿体基因rbcL,matK和trnH-psbA种内和种间变异小,对秋海棠属植物的鉴别能力有限：ITS／ITS2种内和种间变异大,在本研究中物种正确鉴定率达到100％／96％,可考虑作为秋海棠属DNA条形码鉴定的候选片段。研究结果支持中国植物条形码研究组建议将核基因ITS／ITS2纳人种子植物DNA条形码核心片段中的观点。     

Phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA in plants: an example from the compositae.

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 18-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA was sequenced in 12 representatives of the Compositae subtribe Madiinae and two outgroup species to assess its utility for phylogeny reconstruction. High sequence alignability and minimal length variation among ITS 1, 5.8S, and ITS 2 sequences facilitated determination of positional homology of nucleotide sites. In pairwise comparisons among Madiinae DNAs, sequence divergence at unambiguously aligned sites ranged from 0.4 to 19.2% of nucleotides in ITS 1 and from 0 to 12.9% of nucleotides in ITS 2. Phylogenetic relationships among ITS sequences of Hawaiian silversword alliance species (Argyroxiphium, Dubautia, and Wilkesia) and California tarweed taxa in Adenothamnus, Madia, Raillardella, and Raillardiopsis are highly concordant with a chloroplast DNA-based phylogeny of this group. Maximally parsimonious trees from ITS and chloroplast DNA data all suggest (a) origin of the monophyletic Hawaiian silversword alliance from a California tarweed ancestor, (b) closer relationship of the Hawaiian species to Madia and Raillardiopsis than to Adenothamnus or Raillardella, (c) paraphyly of Raillardiopsis, a segregate of Raillardella, and (d) closer relationship of Raillardiopsis to Madia and the silversword alliance than to Raillardella. These findings indicate that the ITS region in plants should be further explored as a promising source of nuclear phylogenetic markers.     

Relationships in Patagonian species of Berberis (Berberidaceae) based on the characterization of rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences

Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the 18S(ITS1)-5.8S-26S(ITS2) rDNA region was performed in order to analyse the phylogenetic relationships between 13 Patagonian species of the genus Berberis (Berberidaceae). The divergence values between the pairwise sequence in the studied Patagonian species were in the range 2.9–22.9%. The lengths of the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were in the range 227–231 bp and 220–224 bp, respectively, and the 5.8S sequence was 159 bp throughout all species . B. microphylla sensu Landrum does not appear to be monophyletic based on current sampling. Indeed, we suggest that B. microphylla should be distinguished from B. buxifolia , B. parodii , and B. heterophylla . ITS sequences, together with data obtained from morphological, biochemical, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and cytological characterizations, support the existence of diploid and polyploid hybrid speciation in the genus.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 , 321–328.     

Pleistocene and pre-Pleistocene Begonia speciation in Africa

This paper presents a historical biogeographic analysis of African Begonia based on combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and trnL intron sequences. Age range estimates for Begonia in Africa ranged from only 1.5 Ma for some terminal nodes to 27 Ma for basal nodes when the ages of Réunion (2 Ma) andMayotte (5.4 Ma) were used to date the split between Begonia salaziensis and Begonia comorensis. Assuming a more recent origin age for Begonia salaziensis (2 Ma) provided age estimates in other parts of the phylogeny which agreed with patterns observed in other African organisms. A large proportion of the Begonia diversity seen today in Africa is of pre-Pleistocene origin. Species of Pleistocene origin are concentrated in species-rich groups such as sections Loasibegonia, Scutobegonia, and Tetraphila, which have their centre of diversity in western Central Africa. Phylogenetically isolated taxa such as Begonia longipetiolata, Begonia iucunda, and Begonia thomeana date to the late Miocene, a period of extended aridification on the African continent that had severe effects on African rain forest species. A general pattern is identified where phylogenetically isolated species occur outside the main identified rain forest refuges. Endemic species on the island of S?o Tomé such as Begonia baccata, Begonia molleri, and Begonia subalpestris appear to be palaeoendemics. Of these species, the most recent age estimate is for B. baccata, which is dated at ca. 3 Ma. Therefore, S?o Tomé appears to have functioned as an important (if previously unrecognised) pre-Pleistocene refuge. On the mainland, areas such as the Massif of Chaillu in Gabon, southern Congo (Brazzaville), and far western areas of Congo (Kinshasa) have played similar roles to S?o Tomé.     

中国9种嗜子宫线虫系统发育的初步研究

为了探讨鱼类寄生嗜子宫线虫的系统发育关系,测定了8种嗜子宫线虫的ITS rDNA(核糖体转录内间隔区核 糖核酸)序列和9种嗜子宫线虫的18S rDNA(小亚基核糖体核糖核酸)部分序列,并构建了18S rDNA序列的系统发 育树。在比较和分析ITS rDNA和18S rDNA两种分子标记对嗜子宫科线虫系统发育适用性的基础上,分析了嗜子 宫线虫的系统发育关系。结果表明:中国嗜子宫线虫是单系起源;黄颡鱼似嗜子宫线虫、赣州似嗜子宫线虫和棍头 嗜子宫线虫亲缘关系非常接近,可能是较晚形成的种;似嗜子宫线虫属可能应该被细分为更多的属。