广东省兰科植物新资料

报道广东兰科植物1新记录属——钻柱兰属Pelatantheria Ridley,及2新记录种,蜈蚣兰Pelatantheria scolopendrifolia (Makino) Averyanov、插天山羊耳蒜Liparis sootenzanensis Fukuyama,并对其形态特征简要描述。凭证标本保存于深圳兰科植物保护研究中心标本馆(NOCC)。     

北方羊耳蒜的组织培养与植株再生

1 植物名称北方羊耳蒜(Liparis makinoana Schltr.). 2 材料类别鳞茎. 3 培养条件(1)芽诱导培养基:MS+6-BA 1.5mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA 0.1;(2)继代培养基:MS+6-BA 2.0+NAA 0.2+50 g·L-1椰汁;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS+NAA 0.5.     

插天山羊耳蒜——中国大陆兰科植物的新记录

插天山羊耳蒜(Liparis sootenzanensis Fukuyama)以前报道只分布于中国台湾。首次报道其在大陆的分布,其主要特征是：茎(或假鳞茎)粗壮,叶大;总状花序具10余朵花;花淡绿色;花瓣丝状,唇瓣倒卵形,先端边缘具细齿。凭证标本保存于茂兰保护区标本室(HML)。     

福建兰科羊耳蒜属一新记录种——紫花羊耳蒜

报道了福建兰科羊耳蒜属Liparis植物一新记录种--紫花羊耳蒜Liparis gigantea C L Tso,。该种与见血清L. nervosa (Thunb ex A Murray) Lindl.非常相似。但前者花较大,中萼片长达1.8～2 cm,花深紫红色,后者中萼片长度小于1.6 cm,花绿色,略带紫色,不呈深紫红色,可以区别。     

秀雅羊耳蒜,中国羊耳蒜属(兰科)一新记录种（英文）

报道了兰科羊耳蒜属一新记录种——秀雅羊耳蒜(Liparis elegans Lindl.),并提供了详细的形态描述和照片。本种与近缘种细茎羊耳蒜(L.condylobulbon Rchb.f.)和L.parviflora(Blume)Lindley的区别是:卵状假鳞茎较短,花序直立,花不倒置,花梗和子房较短等。     

福建省兰科植物2种新记录

在福建省武夷山药用植物资源普查中,发现2种兰科植物,经鉴定为七角叶芋兰Nervilia mackinnonii (Duthie) Schltr.和柄叶羊耳蒜Liparis petiolata (D. Don) P. F. Hunt et Summerh.,皆为福建省新记录。凭证标本存放于福建中医药大学标本室(FJTCM)。     

秀雅羊耳蒜,中国羊耳蒜属(兰科)一新记录种

报道了兰科羊耳蒜属一新记录种——秀雅羊耳蒜(Liparis elegans Lindl.),并提供了详细的形态描述和照片。本种与近缘种细茎羊耳蒜(L. condylobulbon Rchb. f.)和L. parviflora (Blume) Lindley的区别是:卵状假鳞茎较短,花序直立,花不倒置,花梗和子房较短等。     

兰科一新属和新亚族——丫瓣兰属和丫瓣兰亚族

基于丫瓣兰Ypsilorchis fissipetala (Finet)Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chen(基名为裂瓣羊耳蒜Liparis fissipetala Finet)建立了兰科新属--丫瓣兰属Ypsilorchis Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen&.J.Chen.新属与羊耳蒜属Liparis的区别点为:新属有两个粉蜡质花粉团:每个花粉团具1个多少有弹性的花粉团柄;花瓣二深裂;叶具强烈波状的边缘,其先端有一个长达1 mm的芒尖.这些特征表明了其与羊耳蒜亚族Liparidinae有明显的差别,为此,建立了一个新的亚族--丫瓣兰亚族Ypsilorchidinae Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chert.     

广东兰科植物2种新记录

报道广东省2种兰科植物新记录：永泰卷瓣兰(Bulbophyllum yongtaiense J. F. Liu, S. R. Lan & Y. C. Liang)和低地羊耳蒜(Liparis formosana Rchb.f.)。活体植株保存在深圳市兰科植物保护研究中心种质资源库,凭证标本保存于深圳市兰科植物保护研究中心标本馆(NOCC)。     

大理独蒜兰

<正> 大理独蒜兰(Pleione forrestii Schlechter)是Schlechter于1912年发表的新种,属兰科独蒜兰属(又名一叶兰属)植物,产于我国云南西部,岩生或地生,海拔700—3000米。模式标木为Forrest 4849,采自大理。属名Pleione系人名,为纪念Pleiades的母亲Pleione而取。笔者1992年2月20日将其种于广西桂林雁山,并于3月开花。据栽培观察,该植物先花后叶,花葶高约8cm,花黄色,花萼花瓣同     

滴水珠珠芽发育过程研究

珠芽是滴水珠(Pinellia cordata)的营养繁殖结构,为揭示滴水珠珠芽发育过程中的特征,该研究以野外采集材料进行盆栽观察试验,通过形态观察法和石蜡切片方法,探索滴水珠叶片和叶柄处珠芽发育过程中的形态学和解剖学结构特征。结果表明:滴水珠珠芽发育过程在形态上分为叶柄无现象时期、早期珠芽结构分化和珠芽膨大成熟时期三个时期;相应的解剖学发育时期为珠芽原基启动期和形成期、原基分化期和膨大成熟期四个阶段。叶片和叶柄珠芽起始细胞均由叶柄腹面表皮下层薄壁细胞组织脱分化形成,起始细胞不断分裂形成细胞团最后发育成珠芽原基;在原基分化期的特征是生长点形成,最终分化形成芽原基和鳞片叶;膨大成熟期的特征是珠芽结构不断生长,生长点侧生分化鳞片叶增多。叶片和叶柄处珠芽成熟脱落时期为灰色椭圆形结构,测得平均直径分别为(2.79±0.40)mm和(2.69±0.36)mm,外部有鳞片包裹,内部含大量营养物质。在环境适宜条件下,珠芽遇土萌发,萌发率达75%。这表明滴水珠珠芽与同属植物半夏珠芽发育过程差别不大,都是无性克隆营养繁殖体结构。     

半夏珠芽发育过程的形态学和解剖学研究

通过形态学观察和石蜡切片方法研究了半夏[Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.]的珠芽发育过程,结果显示:半夏珠芽着生于叶柄的下部,起始于幼嫩叶柄的腹面最外轮维管束外周薄壁细胞;恢复分裂的薄壁细胞分裂形成珠芽原基细胞团,在原基生长突破叶柄表皮后分化形成具有生长点的珠芽结构,发育中的珠芽无根分化;珠芽的生长被动地终止于叶片衰老(倒苗),无明显的成熟发育过程。研究表明,半夏的珠芽是不定芽性质的无性繁殖结构,但在发育过程上明显区别于其它植物的珠芽发育。     

单芽狗脊营养器官的解剖学研究

采用离析法和石蜡切片法对单芽狗脊营养器官进行形态解剖研究。结果表明：单芽狗脊叶为异面叶,上、下表皮细胞均为不规则型,仅下表皮有气孔器分布;叶柄维管束有2~6个,自叶柄基部向上至叶轴仅有2个较大的维管束;根状茎薄壁细胞之间有多个维管束散生分布,且富含丰富的淀粉粒;皮层在根的横切结构中占比较大,木质部的发育方式为外始式;单芽狗脊珠芽的发育过程分为三个阶段,珠芽原基的形成期、珠芽原基的分化期、成熟期。     

Flooding effects on starch partitioning during early growth of two oak species

Pedunculate (Quercus robur L.) and sessile (Q. petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) oaks are the most common oak species in Western Europe. They are known to display different ecological requirements, particularly relative to root hypoxia induced by flooding: In a glasshouse study of seedlings, we quantified the effects of flooding on starch mobilization from cotyledons and starch partitioning. Growth and distribution of lateral roots were also measured. The above-ground growth of Q. robur was less affected by flooding than that of Q. petraea which failed to develop a second flush. Root growth was also severely inhibited, particularly in Q. petraea. In Q. robur, lateral root initiation as well as elongation was restricted to the soil surface layer. Flooding markedly reduced total growth and concentrations of in all components except stems. Starch mobilization from cotyledons was delayed by flooding, especially in Q. robur seedlings. Under flooding, the decrease of cotyledons dry mass and starch content in Q. robur was lower than in Q. petraea, whereas Q. robur displayed larger growth than Q. petraea. The features of carbohydrate management may be crucial in the observed differences in flooding tolerance of these species.     

A new species ofLiparis (Orchidaceae) from India

Liparis indiraii spec. nova from India is close toL. alata A. Rich. andL. atropurpurea Lindl.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinellia cordata</Emphasis>

Using RNA extracted from Pinellia cordata young leaves and primers designed according to the conserved regions of Araceae lectins, the full-length cDNA of Pinellia cordata agglutinin (PCL) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of pcl was 1,182 bp and contained a 768 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a lectin precursor of 256 amino acids. Through comparative analysis of pcl gene and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Araceae species, it was found that pcl encoded a precursor lectin with signal peptide. PCL is a mannose-binding lectin with three mannose-binding sites. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that pcl is expressed in all tested tissues including leaf, stem and bulbil, but with the highest expression in bulbil. PCL protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with the molecular weight expected.     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

Acclimation to light in seedlings of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus petraea</Emphasis> (Mattuschka) Liebl. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus pyrenaica</Emphasis> Willd. planted along a forest-edge gradient

Photosynthetic acclimation of two co-occurring deciduous oaks (Quercus petraea and Quercus pyrenaica) to a natural light gradient was studied during one growing season. In the spring of 2003, 90 seedlings per species were planted along a transect resulting from a dense Pinus sylvestris stand, an adjacent thinned area and a 10-m-wide firebreak (16.5–60.9% Global Site Factor (GSF)). In two dates of the following summer, we measured leaf gas exchange, carboxylation efficiency (CE), chlorophyll and nitrogen content, light–response curves of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, and leaf mass per area (LMA). Summer was mild, as evidenced by leaf predawn water potential (Ψ_pd), which reduced the interactive effect of water stress on the response of seedlings to light. Q. pyrenaica had higher LMA, CE, stomatal conductance (g _{s max}) and photosynthesis per unit area than Q. petraea at all growth irradiances. , LMA, g _{s max} and electron transport rate (ETR) all increased with light availability (GSF) in a similar fashion in both species. Light had also a clear effect on the organization of Photosystem II (PS II), as deduced by chlorophyll a fluorescence curves. Chlorophyll concentration (Chl_m) decreased with increasing light availability in Q. pyrenaica but it did not in Q. petraea. Seedlings of Q. petraea acclimated to higher irradiances showed a greater non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) than those of Q. pyrenaica. This suggests a higher susceptibility to high light in Q. petraea, which would be consistent with a better adaptation to shade, inferred from the lower LMA or the lower rate of photosynthesis.     

Probing the Drosophila retinal determination gene network in Tribolium (II): The Pax6 genes eyeless and twin of eyeless

The Pax6 genes eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) are upstream regulators in the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which instructs the formation of the adult eye primordium in Drosophila. Most animals possess a singleton Pax6 ortholog, but the dependence of eye development on Pax6 is widely conserved. A rare exception is given by the larval eyes of Drosophila, which develop independently of ey and toy. To obtain insight into the origin of differential larval and adult eye regulation, we studied the function of toy and ey in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We find that single and combinatorial knockdown of toy and ey affect larval eye development strongly but adult eye development only mildly in this primitive hemimetabolous species. Compound eye-loss, however, was provoked when ey and toy were RNAi-silenced in combination with the early retinal gene dachshund (dac). We propose that these data reflect a role of Pax6 during regional specification in the developing head and that the subsequent maintenance and growth of the adult eye primordium is regulated partly by redundant and partly by specific functions of toy, ey and dac in Tribolium. The results from embryonic knockdown and comparative protein sequence analysis lead us further to conclude that Tribolium represents an ancestral state of redundant control by ey and toy.