云芝Trametes versicolor1126所产漆酶对靛蓝废水脱色的初步研究

考察了云芝Trametes versicolor1126发酵培养中漆酶酶活和pH的变化,同时研究了羧甲基纤维素钠及苯酚添加量对漆酶活力的影响。结果表明当培养基中加入0.8%羧甲基纤维素钠、100mg/L苯酚时,均能明显提高漆酶的活力。以漆酶/HBT介质体系对靛蓝废水进行脱色,反应100min后,脱色率达90.8%。使用漆酶处理靛蓝废水具有广阔的应用前景。     

云芝Trametes versicolor1126所产漆酶对靛蓝废水脱色的初步研究

考察了云芝Trametes versicolor1126发酵培养中漆酶酶活和pH的变化,同时研究了羧甲基纤维素钠及苯酚添加量对漆酶活力的影响。结果表明当培养基中加入0.8％羧甲基纤维素钠、100mg／L苯酚时,均能明显提高漆酶的活力。以漆酶／HBT介质体系对靛蓝废水进行脱色,反应100min后,脱色率达90．8％。使用漆酶处理靛蓝废水具有广阔的应用前景。     

三相鼓泡塔生物反应器培养云芝菌合成漆酶

为了提高云芝菌发酵生产漆酶的效率,提出了一种利用自絮凝菌丝球在三相鼓泡塔生物反应器中重复分批发酵产漆酶的新方法。在优化后的产酶条件下,考察维生素C的添加浓度对漆酶活力的影响,并通过在培养基中添加维生素C进行漆酶多批次培养。研究结果表明,维生素C的添加浓度为1.50mmol/L时,可使漆酶活力提高2.6倍。连续进行了10批培养,每批最大漆酶的活力均在1000 U/mL以上,最高酶活出现在第五批为1919.6 U/mL,总培养时间达25 d。此方法所得漆酶对染料靛蓝具有明显的脱色降解作用,在介体1-羟基苯并三唑（HBT）用量0.10%,漆酶用量100 U/L条件下作用40 min时,靛蓝脱色率达到96.7%。该方法采用的三相鼓泡塔生物反应器性能稳定、菌丝球可重复使用,该方法有利于漆酶的高效、规模化生产。     

灵芝漆酶催化直接耐晒翠蓝GL脱色条件的优化

采用灵芝菌株发酵所得的漆酶, 对酞菁类染料直接耐晒翠蓝GL进行了催化脱色实验, 确定了脱色反应的最适条件。结果表明: 单独使用灵芝漆酶粗酶液对直接耐晒翠蓝GL具有很好的脱色效果。其最适脱色pH为3.0, 最适脱色温度为40°C, 最适漆酶用量是40 U/mL, 最适染料浓度为60 mg/L。以上述最适脱色条件对直接耐晒翠蓝GL进行脱色实验, 反应70 min, 脱色率可达94.3%。研究结果显示, 所试灵芝漆酶在印染废水治理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

粗毛栓菌产漆酶对考马斯亮蓝的脱色降解

粗毛栓菌粗酶液经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,在CBBG－250染色后,漆酶带处有一透明圈,经纯化漆酶和CBBG－250溶液直接作用以及菌体的培养结果证实,漆酶对CBBG－250具有一定的脱色降解作用,在漆酶活力达118u/ml时,CBBG－250溶液在595nm波长的光吸收60min内下降了32．4％。该粗毛栓菌产漆酶对工业染料废水也具有一定的降解脱色作用。     

毛云芝菌利用糖蜜酒精废水产漆酶培养基优化

为提高毛云芝菌的漆酶产量,降低生产成本,同时使糖蜜废水中的营养成分得到充分利用,变废为宝,以糖蜜废水作为碳源,对毛云芝菌发酵产漆酶进行研究。在单因素试验基础上,以不同浓度糖蜜废水、尿素含量为自变量,漆酶活力为因变量,采用Box-Behnken设计方法得到最佳的培养基配方为糖蜜废水浓度47%,尿素添加量0.5%,漆酶活力可达1 810.0 U/mL,约为优化前的6倍。说明毛云芝菌利用糖蜜废水作为碳源生产漆酶是可行的,为糖蜜废水资源化利用高效生产有价值产品奠定了理论基础。     

刺芹侧耳产漆酶条件优化及对偶氮染料甲基橙的脱色

漆酶是一种含铜的单电子多酚氧化酶,能够催化氧化各种酚类及多种染料,在处理染料废水方面具有巨大的潜力。刺芹侧耳Pleurotus eryngii具有较强的产漆酶能力,但漆酶产量在较大程度上受环境条件限制。本文研究了氮源含量、pH、温度、金属离子等环境条件对刺芹侧耳产漆酶能力的影响,优化了其产漆酶条件,并用其粗酶液对典型偶氮类染料甲基橙进行脱色,结果表明,在氮源0.5%（W/W）、pH 5.5、温度28℃、添加5.0mmol/L Mg ²⁺的培养条件下,刺芹侧耳产漆酶能力最强,培养6d时,漆酶酶活可达78.0U/L。用优化培养的刺芹侧耳粗酶液对偶氮染料甲基橙进行脱色,28h后脱色率可达90%,脱色反应为准一级动力学反应,甲基橙并未完全矿化,而是生成小分子中间产物。     

应用Coriolus vericolor菌丝球脱色染料及印染废水的研究

对白腐真菌(Coriolus vericolor)产生漆酶进行〖JP2〗了研究。发现该菌产漆酶的最适初始pH值为45。提高微量元素浓度或添加藜芦醇都可使C.versicolor的产酶能力增加,添加Tween80会有一定的抑制作用。采用C.versicolor菌丝球进行重复分批产酶试验,结果表明菌丝球的稳定性很好,同一批菌丝球可连续利用14次,平均每批酶活力可保持在672U/mL,产酶能力优于聚氨酯泡沫固定化菌丝。将粗酶液用于染料的脱色降解试验,在酶活力为3.3IU/mL〖JP〗,酸性橙浓度为500mg/L条件下,经过24h反应,脱色率达到98.5%;对含弱酸大红和卡布龙红的印染废水进行脱色试验,脱色率也达到了93%。     

灵芝漆酶催化阳离子红2GL脱色的研究

真菌漆酶在纺织物染料脱色及其废水净化等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。阳离子红2GL是使用广泛又难以处理的一种染料,现有的方法治理效果差。本研究优化了灵芝漆酶催化阳离子红2GL脱色的主要工艺参数:最适pH、温度、ABTS用量、漆酶用量和染料浓度分别为4.5、20℃、0.083mmol/L、10U/mL和50mg/L。在所得的最优条件下反应30min,阳离子红2GL的脱色率可达90.3%;反应24h,脱色率达100.0%。     

最新专利文摘

CN102020347A一种酶催化去除废水中苯酚的方法本发明公开了一种酶催化去除废水中苯酚的方法,主要利用生物表面活性剂二鼠李糖脂促进漆酶催化,即先将二鼠李糖脂和漆酶加入到含有苯酚的废水中,并将废水的pH调节到4~7,液体温度控制为25~     

Adsorption and decolorization of dyes using solid residues from Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom production

We investigated the use of solid residues from Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom production in adsorbing and decolorizing different dyes. The solid residue used in this study was composed of hemicellulose and cellulose (52.81 %), acid-insoluble lignin (25.42%), chitin (6.5%), and water extractives (14.82%). After incubating 14% (wt/vol) solid residue in distilled water for 4 h, laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities were 0.5 U/g and 12 mU/g, respectively. Enzymatic decolorization percentages were up to 100 for azure B (heterocyclic dye) and indigo carmine (indigoid dye), 74.5 for malachite green (MG) (triphenylmethane dye), and zero for xylidine (azoic dye). The optimum temperature for decolorization was in the range of 26 ∼ 36°C for all dyes. Data obtained on adsorption (enzymatic decolorization was prevented with sodium azide) at different dye concentrations and in a pH range of 3 ∼ 7 were used to plot Freundlich isotherms. The spent fungal substrate (SFS) displayed large differences in adsorption capacity, depending on the dye tested. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at pH 3 for MG, while xylidine was slightly adsorbed at pH 3 and 4 and not adsorbed at higher pH values. Laccase and MnP production were affected by the presence of the dyes. The highest enzyme levels were observed in the presence of MG, when laccase and MnP increased 1.39- and 2.13-fold, respectively. Decolorization and adsorption to SFS are both important processes in removing dyes from aqueous solutions. The application of this spent substrate for wastewater treatment will be able to take advantage of both of these dye removal processes. An important problem in bioremediation processes involving microorganisms is the amount of time required for their growth. In this report, we used the spent substrates from mushroom cultivation in wastewater treatment, thus solving the problem of waiting for microorganisms to grow.     

毛木耳对孔雀石绿染料降解条件的优化

随着我国印染工业的发展,废水对生态环境的危害日趋严重,亟需开发一种脱色明显且成本低廉的降解方法。本研究发现毛木耳Auricularia cornea菌株AC5对不同结构的染料均具有一定的降解作用,尤其是三苯甲烷类染料。利用26℃、160r/min振荡培养7d的粗酶液对染料（75.0mg/L）进行12h降解,结果显示三苯甲烷染料孔雀石绿、结晶紫,蒽醌染料活性蓝19和偶氮染料活性蓝222的降解效率分别为83.27%、71.77%、67.81%和63.92%。染料降解实验和酶活力测定结果表明,毛木耳对孔雀石绿的降解率达到最高时漆酶活性最高,为321.0U/mL,木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶活性较低。因此,推测在降解过程中漆酶起到主要作用。研究表明利用毛木耳菌丝发酵液降解染料废水成本低且操作方便,为染料废水的降解研究提供了前期基础。     

桑黄菌液体培养过程中酶活及多糖含量变化规律

桑黄孔菌属Sanghuangporus是一类具有重要药用价值的大型真菌,目前被国际公认为抗肿瘤效果最好的真菌之一。本研究以桑黄孔菌属中的杨树桑黄Sanghuangporus vaninii、鲍姆桑黄Sanghuangporus baumii和桑树桑黄Sanghuangporus sanghuang为研究对象,通过测定它们液体培养过程中第3、6、9、12、15、18和21天的菌丝生物量以及发酵液的多糖含量、蛋白质含量、漆酶活性、羧甲基纤维素酶活性、半纤维素酶活性、淀粉酶活性和蛋白酶活性等7个指标,对桑黄的生长代谢能力进行了评价。结果显示,3种桑黄真菌的发酵液均具有完整的胞外酶体系。相比之下,鲍姆桑黄的羧甲基纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性更高,杨树桑黄的漆酶活性更高,而桑树桑黄的蛋白酶活性更高,Pearson分析发现多糖的累积与其分泌的羧甲基纤维素酶、淀粉酶和半纤维素酶呈现显著正相关;蛋白质含量则与淀粉酶显著正相关。相应的,鲍姆桑黄和桑树桑黄在多糖含量和蛋白质含量方面显著优于杨树桑黄。研究结果为更好地研究、开发和利用桑黄提供了科学参考。     

Encapsulation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pannonibacter phragmitetus</Emphasis> LSSE-09 in alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose capsules for reduction of hexavalent chromium under alkaline conditions

Cr(VI) was efficiently reduced to Cr(III) by Pannonibacter phragmitetus LSSE-09 encapsulated in liquid-core alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose capsules under alkaline conditions. Taking into account the physical properties of the capsules, the activity of encapsulated cells, and total Cr(III) concentration in the supernatant, optimal conditions (0.5% w/v sodium alginate; 2% w/v sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.1 M CaCl₂; 30-min gelation time) for LSSE-09 encapsulation were determined. At optimal conditions, a relatively high reduction rate of 4.20 mg g_{(dry weight)}⁻¹  min⁻¹ was obtained. Total Cr(III) concentration in the supernatant was significantly decreased after reduction, because 63.7% of the formed soluble organo-Cr(III) compounds compared with those of free cells were captured by the relatively smaller porous structure of alginate capsules. The optimal pH value (9.0) for Cr(VI) reduction was not changed after encapsulation. In addition, encapsulated LSSE-09 showed no appreciable loss in activity after eight repeated cycles at 37°C, and 85.7% of its initial activity remained after 35-day storage at 4°C. The results suggest that encapsulated LSSE-09 in alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose capsules has potential biotechnological applications for the detoxification of Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater.     

四绺孢球腔菌科真菌地理分布及其生态学功能

根据ITS、LSU、rpb2、tef1和tub2多基因系统发育分析,将云南禾本科植物格孢腔菌目的7株内生真菌鉴定归属于格孢腔菌目Pleosporales四绺孢球腔菌科Tetraplosphaeriaceae的四绺孢属Tetraploa和假四绺孢属Pseudotetraploa以及该目下的一个未定属genera incertae sedis。羧甲基纤维素钠培养基和愈创木酚培养基筛选发现四绺孢球腔菌科的2个菌株具有较强的纤维素酶和漆酶活性,而这个未定属的菌株仅具有较弱的纤维素酶活性、无漆酶活性,表明格孢腔菌目的2个内生真菌类群的纤维素和木质素降解能力不同。多重对应分析发现四绺孢球腔菌科真菌的属与寄主、分离来源和地理位置有关联,其中四绺孢属和假四绺孢属可在活的健康植物作为内生真菌存活,并在植物凋落物和土壤中分离得到,推测四绺孢属和假四绺孢属两属为内生和腐生双生态位真菌。因此,进一步深入探究四绺孢球腔菌科内生真菌参与的禾本科植物凋落物的分解将深化我们对禾本科植物内生真菌多样性和生态学功能的认识。     

Bio-remediation of colored industrial wastewaters by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus and their enzymes

The effect of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus whole cells and their ligninolytic enzymes on models of colored industrial wastewaters was evaluated. Models of acid, direct and reactive dye wastewaters from textile industry have been defined on the basis of discharged amounts, economic relevance and representativeness of chemical structures of the contained dyes. Phanerochaete chrysosporium provided an effective decolourization of direct dye wastewater model, reaching about 45% decolourization in only 1 day of treatment, and about 90% decolourization within 7 days, whilst P. ostreatus was able to decolorize and detoxify acid dye wastewater model providing 40% decolourization in only 1 day, and 60% in 7 days. P. ostreatus growth conditions that induce laccase production (up to 130,000 U/l) were identified, and extra-cellular enzyme mixtures, with known laccase isoenzyme composition, were produced and used in wastewater models decolourization. The mixtures decolorized and detoxified the acid dye wastewater model, suggesting laccases as the main agents of wastewater decolourization by P. ostreatus. A laccase mixture was immobilized by entrapment in Cu-alginate beads, and the immobilized enzymes were shown to be effective in batch decolourization, even after 15 stepwise additions of dye for a total exposure of about 1 month.     

猴头菌和金针菇漆酶对不同染料的降解

利用漆酶（laccase）处理染料废水是近年来研究的热点。本研究以猴头菌Hericium erinaceus和金针菇Flammulina filiformis的发酵液为试验材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析和超滤等方法,对发酵液中的漆酶进行了初步的分离纯化,然后分别研究了两种初提纯漆酶及其与小分子介体组成的漆酶介体系统（laccase-mediator system,LMS）对12种常用染料的降解效果。结果表明,猴头菌的初提纯漆酶对甲基红、铬黑T、孔雀绿和活性蓝R都具有很好的降解效果,反应24h后,降解率分别为79.6%、66.8%、80.3%和64.6%,且表现出时间依赖性,而对其他染料的降解效果不明显。当反应体系中加入介体2,2′-连氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并二氢噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphate),ABTS]后,可增加猴头菌漆酶对考马斯亮蓝、结晶紫和孔雀绿的降解率,分别提高到33.7%、45.6%和94.2%。金针菇初提纯漆酶对孔雀绿、活性艳橙K-7R和活性红KD-8B都具有一定的降解效果,降解率分别为37.8%、39.9%和49%,也表现出了明显的时间依赖性。当反应体系中也加入ABTS后,金针菇漆酶对活性红KM-8B的降解率明显增加,由9.7%增加到58.2%。以上研究为猴头菌和金针菇漆酶在染料废水处理领域的应用提供了科学依据。