生物催化法合成6-氰基-（3R，5R）-二羟基己酸叔丁酯

利用E.coli BL21／pCDFDuet-gdh—cr-X共表达全细胞催化6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯不对称还原合成6-氰基-（3R,5R）-二羟基已酸叔丁酯。结果表明：在菌体用量4．85g/L、葡萄糖与底物质量浓度比为1：1、温度28℃、pH7．0条件下,80．0g／L6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯生物还原2h后,底物转化率可达99．0％,产物d.e．值大于99．5％。在考察范围内,NADP^＋用量对催化效率无显著作用。     

（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯的微生物法合成

采用酿酒酵母CGMCC No．2266菌体,不对称还原β-羰基苯丙酸乙酯制备光学纯（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯。结果表明：采用初始pH为8．0的液体发酵培养基培养的CGMCCNo．2266菌体经过50℃预热处理30min后用于生物转化获得的（S）-（-）-G-羟基苯丙酸乙酯对映体过剩值可以达到100％ee。确定了合成（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯的较佳转化条件为pH7．0,温度30℃,转化时间24h,底物浓度为3．63mmol／L,菌体用量为86g/L（干重／反应体积）。以10％葡萄糖为辅助底物,产率比不加辅助底物时提高了75．4％。在最佳转化条件下反应转化率及（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯对映体过剩值可分别达到98．4％和100％ee。     

羰基还原酶不对称还原（R）-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯

选择R-羰基还原酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶双酶,协同催化（R）-6-氰基5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯不对称还原制备阿托伐他汀关键手性合成子6-氰基-（3R,5R）-二羟基已酸叔丁酯。转化条件优化结果显示：在不添加外源性辅酶NADP（H）、菌体用量15．0g/L、147．0g/L（R）-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯、128．2g／L葡萄糖,30℃、pH6．5条件下反应6h后,底物转化率达到100％,产物d．e．值大于99．5％。     

梨头霉11α—羟基化制备16β—甲基—11α,17α21—三烃基孕甾—1, …

选育到一株对１６β－甲基－１７α,２１－二羟基孕甾－１,４＝－二烯－３,２０－二酮（Ⅱａ）１１α－羟基化活性强的梨头霉Ａ２８菌株,并发现底物２１－乙酰化（Ⅱｂ）可明显提高１１α－羟工 能力。在适宜的转化条件下,１１ｂ投料浓度０．５％,产物１６β－基１１α,１７α,２１－三羟基孕甾－１,４－二烯－３,２０－二酮（Ⅲ）收率为７３％,结构经波谱分析确认。     

3-甾酮-9α-羟基化酶基因的表达及其催化合成9α-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮

研究应用于甾体9α-羟基化的高效催化剂和催化体系是实现甾体药物9α位羟基高效合成的关键。本文中,笔者对来源于分支杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) H37Rv和红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis) SQ1的3-甾酮-9α-羟基化酶基因(reksh A,mtksh A)进行优化,并对2个基因的催化活性进行检测。通过构建工程表达菌株,以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(AD)为底物,对制备9α-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(9α-OH-AD)的催化反应进行了探索。结果表明:基因序列优化显著提升了Re Ksh A和MtKshA蛋白的可溶性表达,其中Re Ksh A具有较好的雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮9α位羟基化活性。用TB培养基培养Re Ksh A的工程表达菌株BL21(DE3)-p ET28a-reksh A-yh,在30℃、500μmol/L底物浓度、0. 8%(体积分数)乙醇为助溶剂、0. 1 mmol/L IPTG诱导浓度、底物与诱导剂同时加入到工程菌液中的条件下,9α-OH-AD得率达到97. 09%。     

新月弯孢霉AS 3.4381对新型甾体底物C11β-羟基化

应用本实验室保藏的新月弯孢霉Curvularia lunataAS 3.4381对新型甾体化合物(Ⅰ)(16α,17β-二甲基-17-丙酰基雄甾-1,4-二烯-3-酮)作为底物进行生物转化C11β-羟基化反应的研究。实验研究结果表明,采用Ⅱ级发酵的工艺,收获新月弯孢霉菌丝体作为生物催化剂,在磷酸缓冲液介质体系中,对化合物Ⅰ的C11位实现β羟基化,生成皮质激素药物。测试数据TLC,MS,IR及1H NMR证明了该产物的化学结构,表明生物转化产物为C11β-羟基-16α,17β-二甲基-17-丙酰基雄甾-1,4-二烯-3-酮。     

双菌多轮序列协同转化甾体制氢化可的松

建立了蓝色犁头霉AS 3．65和新月弯孢霉AS 3．4381协同多轮转化17α-羟基孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮-21-醋酸酯（RSA）割氢化可的松（hydrocortisone,HC）新工艺。在培养好的AS 3．65和AS 3．4381所组成的协同转化体系中,AS 3．65首先将RSA水解为脱氧皮质酮（RS）,这较AS 3．4381单轮批次转化省去了RSA到RS的化学水解工序。在甾体底物RSA平均投料质量浓度为1．3g/L和1g／L的条件下,所选定的协同转化体系可分别被重复利用3轮和6轮,相应的平均产率能维持在较高水平,分别高达81．6％和85％。另外,该工艺明显减少了底物RSA投料浓度对C11位羟化的影响,并有效抑制了AS 3．4381和AS 3．65单独转化过程中出现的14α—OH—RS和11α-OH—RS副产物．     

一株高效转化Phytosterol为雄甾烯酮菌株的筛选与鉴定

从保藏的200多株菌中筛选出1株高效转化植物甾醇为4-烯-雄甾-3,17-二酮和1,4-二烯-雄甾-3,17-二酮的菌株,并对该菌进行了形态、生理生化的研究。结果发现菌株ST06可以利用多种碳源,可以水解淀粉,但不利用纤微素。用16SrDNA的方法对其进行鉴定,发现与Bacillus属Bacillus amyloiquefaciens的相似性最高,达到99．9％,将该菌株命名为Bacillus amyloiquefaciens ST06。该菌在培养温度30℃,pH7．0,转速220r／min,转化时间7d,底物添加量为0．3％时,ADD与AD的总得率高达40％以上,此时底物转化率高达93．7％。     

黑曲霉催化雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮16β-羟基化

为进一步确定黑曲霉菌株TCCC41650的生物转化能力,以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(Androstenedione)为底物,利用黑曲霉菌株TCCC41650进行催化,产物经纯化、重结晶后,通过单晶衍射鉴定为16β-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮。转化条件为:培养液pH 6.0,乙醇添加量为2%,投料浓度为1‰时,72 h转化率为85.8%。目前甾体研究领域对于C16β-羟基化的微生物转化未见报道,研究结果为C16β-羟基甾体药物的研发奠定了基础。     

化学-酶法制备L-高苯丙氨酸

以苯丙酸乙酯为原料,通过正交设计优化2-氧4-苯基丁酸盐的制备条件：苯丙酸乙酯与草酸二乙酯摩尔比为1：3,缩合反应时间为2．5h,H2SO4质量分数为20％,水解反应时间为15h,优化条件下2-氧-4-苯基丁酸盐的产率为68．24％。随后,利用E．coli A5所产的天冬氨酸转氨酶为生物催化剂制备L-高笨丙氨酸。酶转化反应的最适条件为：游离细胞体系pH、温度、底物质量浓度和细胞质量浓度分别为8．5、37℃、20g/L和30g／L;而固定化细胞体系则分别为7．0—9．0、40℃、10g／L和30g/L。采用廉价的L-谷氨酸（L—Glu）作为氨基供体,添加表面活性剂有利于提高L-HPA产率。通过研究固定化细胞转化反应进程,结果发现8h内90％的底物可转化为L—HPA。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.