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1.
李伟  张雁云 《动物学研究》2004,25(2):127-131
以线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的全序列作为遗传标记 ,探讨红喉姬普通亚种 (Ficedulaparvaal bicilla)和指名亚种 (F .p .parva)的分类地位。应用Kimura 2 parameter法计算出红喉姬普通亚种个体间的遗传距离为 0 1%~ 0 2 % ,而与指名亚种之间的遗传距离为 6 4 % ,两亚种之间的遗传距离远远大于种间的遗传距离。结合形态学的特征我们认为 :红喉姬指名亚种和普通亚种应为两个独立种 ,分别为红喉姬 (F .albicilla)和红胸姬 (F .parva) ,两者的分化时间为 3 15~ 3 2 5百万年  相似文献   

2.
李伟  张雁云 《动物学研究》2004,25(2):127-131
以线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的全序列作为遗传标记,探讨红喉姬鶲普通亚种(Ficedula parva al—bicilla)和指名亚种(F.P.parva)的分类地位。应用Kimura 2—parameter法计算出红喉姬鶲普通亚种个体问的遗传距离为0.1%~0.2%,而与指名亚种之间的遗传距离为6.4%,两亚种之间的遗传距离远远大于种间的遗传距离。结合形态学的特征我们认为:红喉姬鶲指名亚种和普通亚种应为两个独立种,分别为红喉姬鶲(F.albicilla)和红胸姬鶲(F.parva),两者的分化时间为3.15~3.25百万年。  相似文献   

3.
采用线粒体细胞色素b(cytochrome b)基因,利用DNA测序的方法研究了雀形目18种鸟类的分子系统发育关系。通过序列分析比对,运用邻接法和最大似然法构建了雀形目18种鸟类的系统发育树,结果表明,燕雀类和类的分歧程度达到了科级水平,建议分别独立成科;长尾山雀可从山雀科中分离出来,单列成科;柳莺归入柳莺亚科(Phylloscopinae),树莺归入大苇莺亚科(Acrocephalinae)。Cytb基因的各主要分支中存在着相对恒定的分子钟,根据鸟类mtDNA的cytb进化速度大约是每百万年1.6%,得到18种鸟的科间分歧时间在10.5百万年左右,科内分歧在9.0百万年左右。  相似文献   

4.
通过雉科虹雉属(Lophophorus)、角雉属(Tragopan)、勺鸡属(Pucrasia)和血雉属(Ithaginis)7种鸟类的细胞色素b(cyt b)基因序列比较,构建的虹雉属及其近缘属的分子系统树表明:①3种虹雉构成一个单系群(monophyletic group),虹雉属与角雉属、勺鸡属构成一个单系群;②虹雉属内分为白尾梢虹雉,以及棕尾虹雉和绿尾虹雉两个演化枝。综合分子系统学、地理分布格局和形态学的证据,推测虹雉属鸟类起源于中国的横断山脉,其中繁衍生活在原地的一枝演化为白尾梢虹雉;另一枝则分别进入喜马拉雅山区(西)和中国西南部(东),向西的演化为棕尾虹雉,向东的则为绿尾虹雉。  相似文献   

5.
测定了鬣羚在中国的7个地方种群的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的419bp的片段序列,并分析了其序列差异,构建了分子系统进化树。结果表明:鬣羚各种群间的序列差异在0-14.31%,鬣羚种群最早在大约5.7百万年有共同的母系祖先,并且在中国最早可能是从青藏高原东南缘的区域开始演化的。随后向周围地区辐射扩散,日本鬣羚的分化时间大约在3.1百万年前,并且可能是从中国大陆迁移过去的。白玉和道孚的鬣羚种群(与其它种群的碱基替换率>11.21%),日本鬣养分种群(与其它种群的碱基替换率>7.63%),洛扎的鬣羚种群(与其它种群的碱基替换率>4.05%)的分化估计已接近或达到亚种水平。鬣羚在中国至少存在3个进化显单元:A.白玉和道孚种群;B.洛扎种群;C.隆子,陕西,皖南和德格种群,建议将它们分开管理,避免杂交,以保存遗传分歧较大的类群及其进化潜力。  相似文献   

6.
陈艺燕  钱开诚  章群 《生态科学》2004,23(2):154-155,159
测定了翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的线粒体细胞色素b基因编码区全序列1140个核苷酸序列,并且由此推导出对应的氨基酸序列,A/T所占比例为53.4%,G C约占46.6%。该基因中密码子第1位核苷酸中4种碱基组成较为均衡,第2位核苷酸中T的使用率较高,G的使用率较低;而密码子第3位C/A的使用率高,而G的使用率仅为3.7%;在氨基酸序列中Leu所占比例16.36%,远高于其它氨基酸;而Cys使用比例仅为0.79%。本研究为鳜类的系统发育,资源保护和利用提供了核苷酸序列方面的资料,至于翘嘴鳜线粒体细胞色素b基本序列中密码子不同位置碱基使用比率以及氨基酸组成是翘嘴鳜特有还是鳜类共有特征,尚有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

7.
8.
疣螈属的红瘰疣螈(Tylototriton shanjing)和棕黑疣螈(T.verrucosus)的物种界限一直不清楚。测定了来自中国西南地区14个地点的T.shanjing和T.verrucosus共40只标本的线粒体DNACytb基因(753bp)。结果表明:(1)用邻接法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法等3种系统发育分析法分别重建棕黑疣螈种组系统发育树的拓扑结构不支持T.shanjing是单系群;(2)T.shanjing与T.verrucsus的mtDNA Cytb序列差异平均值仅为1.2%,未达到种级水平。因此,全部T.shanjing样品都属于同一个物种,即T.verrucosus,不支持T.shanjing的物种地位,T.shanjing为T.verrucosus的同物异名,并建议恢复T.verrucosus的中文名红瘰疣螈。根据基于40个样品Cyt b基因序列的系统发育树和遗传变异以及地理分布,这些红瘰疣螈(T.verrucosus)样品聚为3支,即中国西南地区的红瘰疣螈可分为片马、滇中滇西和滇东南3个地理居群。  相似文献   

9.
关于中国香鱼分类地位的线粒体DNA基因序列分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈泉梅  鲁延付  章群 《生态科学》2007,26(2):143-145
测定了辽宁和广东香鱼的Cytb基因序列,与GenBank中日本和韩国香鱼分子数据合并比较。结果表明11尾香鱼402个碱基序列中变异位点8个,信息简约位点有2个,A+T与G+C含量分别为51.4%和48.6%,转换/颠换比为4.9。运用Kimura-2parameter模型,采用邻接法构建的分子系统树,发现中国香鱼与日本和韩国香鱼聚类在一起,不同地理种群的香鱼均未单独分群,表明中国和日、韩香鱼亲缘关系相当近。根据日、韩香鱼的地理分布,推测所分析的辽宁和广东种群可能亦为香鱼指名亚种,但该推论尚需与琉球香鱼亚种的序列进行比较后才能确定。研究虽未发现辽宁香鱼和广东香鱼间存在明显的种群结构差异,但由于中国海域辽阔,生境多样,中国沿海是否会有其它种下群体发生,则需要采用进化速度适中的线粒体和核基因标记,对中国香鱼不同的地理种群进行广泛的大样本分析来确定。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究大林姬鼠两亚种(韩国的指名亚种及中国东北和内蒙古地区的东北亚种)线粒体DNA 的变异程度并确定朝鲜亚种的分类地位,我们分别将来自韩国和中国东北长白山地区的两亚种的线粒体DNA 的细胞色素b 基因和控制区进行了测序分析。我们将测序所得到细胞色素b 基因序列与来自基因库的大林姬鼠5 个亚种的相应的单倍型进行了分析,结果显示大林姬鼠可分为4 个类群[类群1:韩国大林姬鼠指名亚种;类群2:中国长白山和内蒙古地区的东北亚种、俄罗斯外加贝尔的majuculus 亚种;类群3:中国长春的东北亚种、俄罗斯Primorye(俄罗斯远东地区) rufulus 亚种、俄罗斯库页岛(俄罗斯远东地区)和日本北海道地区的giliacus 亚种;类群4:中国黑龙江海林地区的东北亚种]。线粒体的控制区序列分析显示韩国指名亚种也不同于中国东北地区的东北亚种。本研究的类群1,2 和3 与Serizawa et al. (2002)的研究的K、S 和R 的分支相对应。这表明韩国指名亚种(类群1 和分支K)的线粒体DNA 与其他类群不同。另外,我们还发现在细胞色素b 基因构建的系统树中,东北亚种可以与类群2 (分支S)及类群3 (分支R 的不同亚种聚合在一起。我们认为线粒体DNA 的母性遗传与两个相邻亚种的个体之间的种内杂交造成了基于细胞色素b 序列对东北亚种的聚类分析结果与基于形态学特征的分类结果的不一致。因此,我们提出对这些显示出核苷酸序列多样性的东北亚种不能只用细胞色素b的数据进行亚种分类,还应该结合形态学和核DNA 特征进行进一步分析。最后,我们还发现韩国的指名亚种的细胞色素b 序列在平均距离16. 93% 的基础上不同于来自基因库的A. speciosus。Jones and Johnson (1965)指出了韩国的大林姬鼠在形态上的区别,所以我们认为韩国的大林姬鼠指名亚种A. p. peninsulae 是一种具有形态和遗传特异性的地方亚种。  相似文献   

11.
    
The taxonomy of honey bee A. mellifera contains a lot of issues due to the specificity of population structure, features of biology and resolutions of honey bee subspecies discrimination methods. There are a lot of transition zones between ranges of subspecies which led to the gradual changes of characteristics among neighbor subspecies. The modern taxonomic pattern of honey bee Apis mellifera is given in this paper. Thirty-three distinct honey bee subspecies are distributed across all Africa (11 subspecies), Western Asia and the Middle East (9 subspecies), and Europe (13 subspecies). All honey bee subspecies are subdivided into 5 evolutionary lineages: lineage A (10 subspecies) and its sublineage Z (3 subspecies), lineage M (3 subspecies), lineage C (10 subspecies), lineage O (3 subspecies), lineage Y (1 subspecies), lineage C or O (3 subspecies).  相似文献   

12.
    
Morphometric variation in 26 characters of 245 skulls of the marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna) was studied across the distribution range. Morphological diversity was low with respect to both the size and the shape of the skull. The sexual size dimorphism of cranial characters in V. peregusna was low compared with other similar-sized mustelids. This finding may be a result of more specialized behaviour, resulting in less intra-specific competition with respect to habitat and food selection. Analysis of the geographic variation of skulls revealed two morphological groups – western and eastern. These groups were treated as distinct subspecies in this study. Nominotypical V. p. peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1770) (syn. sarmatica, euxina) is found in southern and eastern Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasus. The eastern subspecies V. p. koshewnikowi Satunin, 1910 (syn. alpherakii, chinensis, negans, obscura, ornata, pallidior, syriaca, and tedshenika) is found south and east of the Middle East, in Middle and Central Asia and eastward to China. Our data revealed a gradual decrease in the morphological diversity in Vormela skulls from west to east in the distribution range. This phenomenon may be explained by the later origin of the eastern subclusters of the marbled polecat. The pattern of geographic variation revealed in this study may reflect the Pleistocene history of the species range formation, rather than a relationship to climate conditions throughout the modern species range.  相似文献   

13.
血雉属的分类研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
通过查看采自中国各地的血雉标本259号及有关文献资料,作者将血雉属鸟类列为1个种,另9个亚种及1个混交类型,并发现血雉羽色的地理变异规律,雄鸟头、颏、喉和胸部的红色以采自高黎贡山1个混交类型,并发现血雉羽色的地理变异规律,雄岛头、颏、喉和胸部的红色以采自高黎贡山、怒山和云岭西南地区的标本最为鲜艳,其范围也最大,页向东,向西和向北头、颏、喉和胸部的红色渲染程度呈逐渐递减的趋势。这与Vaurie(19  相似文献   

14.
Gibbons are small and arboreal apes restricted to southeastern tropical and southern subtropical regions in Asia. They are distributed from Assam in the northwest, eastward to south China and Vietnam, south through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and the Mentawai Islands. Twenty-two genetically distinct populations of gibbons are generally recognized. Gibbons were once widely distributed in China; however, they are now primarily restricted to southern and southwestern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Their widest distribution and greatest species diversity is in Yunnan Province. Gibbons are rare in China and are now listed as a first class endangered species. Four gibbon species inhabit Yunnan Province in southern China. They areH. hoolock, H. lar, H. leucogenys, andH. concolor. There are three subspecies ofH. leucogenys: H. l. leucogenys, H. l. siki, andH. l. gabriellae. OnlyH. l. leucogenys inhabits China. Four subspecies ofH. concolor inhabit China. These areH. c. concolor, H. c. jingdongensis, H. c. furvogaster, andH. c. hainanus. The first three subspecies inhabit Yunnan andH. c. hainanus is found only on Hainan Island.H. lar yunnanensis is the subspecies ofH. lar in southern China.H. hoolock leucogenys is the subspecies ofH. hoolock in southern China.H. concolor jingdongensis, H. concolor furvogaster, andH. lar yunnanensis are all newly proposed subspecies byMa andWang (1986). The data on southern China gibbons presented here is based on an analysis of the skeletons and skins of 49 specimens held at the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan.  相似文献   

15.
    
Nucleotide sequences of a 501 base‐pair (bp) fragment in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene were analyzed for 12 populations of Rana rugosa from Korea and Japan using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct silver sequencing. Two genetically distinct groups (type‐A and type‐B) were found in Korea. Type‐A was found throughout most of South Korea and type‐B was restricted to the mid‐southeastern regions (Samchok, Yongdok, Chongsong and Pohang). But in the Tonghae population, both types were found. The level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence differences ranged from 0% to 0.8% among six populations of type‐A, and 0 to 1.0% among 4 populations of type‐B. However, sequence differences between type‐A and type‐B ranged from 5.4% to 6.6%. Using Kimura's two‐parameter distance, the level of genetic sequence divergence between type‐A and type‐B was 6.7%. The Japanese R. rugosa was clustered very far from the Korean R. rugosa with 14.7%. In the neighbor‐joining and UPGMA tree, all Korean samples were grouped, but subdivided into two types in 99% of the bootstrap iteration  相似文献   

16.
The taxonomic status of red grouse in Ireland has been the subject of considerable debate over the past century. Irish red grouse are usually classified as Lagopus lagopus scoticus, which is the same subspecies as that found in Britain, but some ornithologists believe that native Irish red grouse constitute an endemic subspecies, namely L. lagopus hibernicus. The considerable decline of Irish red grouse over the past century, along with possible hybridization with introduced grouse from Britain, have highlighted the need to resolve their taxonomic status as part of a biodiversity management plan. However, genetic analysis of samples from a single point in time will provide limited insight into potentially confounding historical events such as hybridization and introgression. We therefore compared mtDNA sequences from both current and historical samples of the two putative subspecies, scoticus and hibernicus, to see if they are or were genetically distinct. Red grouse from Britain and Ireland shared mitochondrial haplotypes, and our historical data suggest that this is unlikely to be the result of recent hybridization and introgression. These findings, combined with a general lack of documented differences in behaviour and ecology, suggest that Irish red grouse should remain classified as L. lagopus scoticus. At the same time, we found evidence that a significant amount of genetic diversity has been lost from Irish red grouse over the past century, presumably as a result of diminishing population sizes and fragmentation of extant populations. A loss of habitat, combined with the declining numbers and genetic diversity of Irish red grouse, justify their designation as an All-Ireland Priority (Red List) species and a Northern Ireland Priority Species for conservation.  相似文献   

17.
    
The anti-malarial agent atovaquone specifically targets the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibits the parasite respiration. Resistance to this drug, a coenzyme Q analogue, is associated with mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We previously reported atovaquone resistant mutations in Plasmodium berghei, in the first quinone binding domain (Qo1) of the cytochrome b gene (M133I and L144S) with V284F in the sixth transmembrane domain. However, in P. falciparum the most common mutations are found in the Qo2 region. To obtain a better model for biochemical and genetic studies, we have now extended our study to isolate a wider range of P. berghei resistant strains, in particular those in the Qo2. Here we report four new mutations (Y268N, Y268C, L271V and K272R), all in the Qo2 domain. Two of these mutations are convergent to codon 268 (nt802–804) drug-induced mutation in P. falciparum.  相似文献   

18.
从细胞色素b基因序列探讨笛鲷属的分子系统发生关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
测定了9种中国南海的笛鲷属鱼类的细胞色素b基因的部分序列,结合来自GenBank中1种分布于菲律宾和9种分布于美国大西洋的笛鲷属鱼类的相应同源序列,用邻接法和最大简约法构建分子系统树。结果显示:红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanuserythropterus)与红笛鲷(L.sanguineus)之间的同源序列碱基差异百分率只有0.32%,支持二者是同种异名的观点;中国南海的笛鲷属鱼类间的平均碱基差异要高于美国大西洋笛鲷属鱼类。在MP和NJ树中,美国大西洋笛鲷表现为亲缘关系较近,来源于中国南海的笛鲷鱼类相对集中在树的基部,分歧较大。这与所研究的笛鲷地理分布和地理隔离基本相一致,同时也说明中国南海笛鲷分化较早并且分歧较大。  相似文献   

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