日本开办染色体分析短训班

日本第一专门分析染色体的研究室已经成立.作为九州大学遗传情报实验设施的新部门、染色体分析室从1991年开始工作的.同在东京大学医科学研究所内设置的人染色体分析中心一道,将成为日本的染色体分析研究据点. 新设部门主要从事序列分析等具体的染色体分析作业.据文部省研究助成课说,教授、副教授的人选还未确定. 九州大学遗传情报实验室在1981年曾定为医学部附属的重组DNA实验设施,1985年起成为九州大学共用的实验室.由医学部、理学部等集中很多学生,进行研究.已设立病因遗传部、研究阿尔茨海默病、家族性淀粉状蛋白神经障碍等人的基因病,是日本的最尖端的机构.设施长兼部门主任的榊佳之是日本的人染色体研究的带头人之一.     

成功克隆人催产素受体的cDNA

大阪大学医学部妇产科教研室教授谷泽修、助手木村正等与大阪大学微生物病研究所分子遗传系教授兼东京大学医学部生化学第1教研室教授冈山博人、大阪生命科学研究所神经科学研究部门副部长森宪作等共同克隆了人催产素受体(OTR)的cDNA。将受体用于筛选,开发防止早产的药。罗特制药公司正在用开发这种受体的筛选法。还将成为从分子生物学探讨分娩机制的线索。木村在千叶县召开的日本产科妇女科学会总会上发表了这项成果。木村等与冈山合作从分娩之后因子宫破裂而摘除的子宫肌细胞中抽提出mRNA,建立了cDNA库。     

中国实验动物学会代表团访问日本

2008年5月14—22日,中国实验动物学会组织国内实验动物专家及相关人员27人参加了在日本仙台召开的“日本实验动物科学技术2008”学术年会,并参观考察了日本东北大学大学院医学系研究科医学部实验动物设施、东京大学医科学研究所实验动物设施、日本国立感染症研究所、日本三菱制药田边制药株式会社等实验动物科研、生产、教学及相关单位。     

开发使用GM-CSF的癌基因治疗

美国基因治疗的风险企业Somatix Therapy公司和东京大学医科研究所病态药理教授浅野茂隆宣布签订了共同开发基因治疗合同,即将该公司开发的粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)基因导入患者的癌细胞,再移植,激活患者细胞免疫系统,治疗癌病灶。这项合同是继新泻大学医学部高密度无菌治疗部助教授森山美昭93年12月与美国Genetic Therapy公司签订合同之后在日本签订的第二个合同。     

东京大学设立纳米生物综合研究据点“正在摸索跟多个企业的合作模式”

东京大学于2006年4月起设立纳米生物综合研究据点，加大对纳米生物研究的投入。担任研究据点负责人的工学系研究科的片冈一则教授在2006年3月东京大学召开的设立纪念研讨会上披露，”已经跟几家企业就共同研究等进行了意向性的接触”。     

日本电信电话公司完成神经细胞的培养设施开始生物技术研究

日本电信电话公司(NTT)在其基础研究所内完成了细胞培养设施,终于在自己公司的研究所内开始了以生物为材料的研究。该公司直接介入生物技术研究还是第一次。三年前,在 NTT 基础研究所的材料物性基础研究部内成立了第三研究室,研究题目之一是研讨生物技术领域。从1986年开始派遣了研究人员到东京大学医学部第一生理教室,在助教授福田润领导下研习神经细胞的培养技术。为了掌握基础技术,所以在公司内也开始工作。在与东京大学的协作研究中,控制从培养神经细胞延伸的神经突起的延伸方向已获成     

泽井的故事

日本学者泽井芳男(Yoshio Sawai)博士是一位国际著名的蛇伤专家。1913年1月出生于日本东京1940年毕业于东京大学医学部,毕业后入东京大学传染病研究所工作,从事抗蛇毒血清的研制获医学博士学位,1950年任东京大学副教授。1972年在东京大学退休后任财团法人日本蛇族学术研究所所长。毕生致力于蛇伤防治研究工作,研究成功精制冻干抗烙铁头蛇毒血清及蛇毒类毒素免疫注射剂,使日本的蛇伤中毒死亡率大大降低,推动了国际蛇伤防治工作的进展,他多次荣获日本国科学“紫绶褒勋章”“保健文化奖”“瑞宝勋章”“医疗功劳奖”等奖勋。泽井芳男博士曾到过中国等世界很多国家进行讲学、科学考察和科研合作,他主编的《The SNAKE》是世界第一本蛇的杂志。他在世界上有很高的荣誉,1974年被当选为“国际毒素学会”主席。     

中日双边生物物理学术会议

在中国与日本两个生物物理学会的倡议下,1985年5月8日至11日,在江苏省太湖之滨的无锡市召开了“中日双边生物物理学术会议”。出席会议的代表210名,其中日方代表80余名,包括日本生物物理学会会长、国际生物物理联合会(IUPAB)理事朝仓昌教授。前IUPAB主席、日本生理科学研究所所长江桥(艹即)郎教授,以及京都大学寺本英教授、东京大学和田昭允教授、大阪大学大沢文夫教授等著名生物物理学家。这是双方首次联合召开的、范围比较广泛的一次会议,目的是了解两国生物物理学研究的现状与发展、交流经验,并为今后长期合作打下基础;也是中日两国科学家之间增进友谊的共同愿望的具体体现。根据双方协议,这次会议主要交流五个方面的内容,即分子生物物理、膜与细胞生物物理、感官与神经生物物理、理论生物物理、肌肉与细胞骨架。会议组织了五次综述报告:(1)邹承鲁:寡聚酶的构象、     

《草地研究方法手册》简介

《草地研究方法手册》原名《草地调查法》,于1978年由东京大学出版会出版,是日本著名植物生态学家沼田真教授在日本IBP(国际生物学规划)陆地群落生产力、草地生态系统多年研究的基础上主持组织编著的。从这个意义上可以说它是日本草地生态学研究方法的总结。 六十年代中期以来,在IBP的推动下,日本成立了以沼田真教授为中心的草地生产力研究组,在川渡和阿苏山建立了旨在研究草地生态系统的定位站,进行了长期的草地生态学基础研究。研究一开始,即强     

第二届中日双边生物物理学学术会议在日本京都召开

中国生物物理学会与日本生物物理学会于1988年5月17日至20日在日本京都联合召开了“第二届中日双边生物物理学学术会议”。日方以京都大学为主的45个单位136人到了会。中方一行56人参加了会议。 大会共接纳了164篇论文,中方为53篇。共有三个大会报告: 一、江桥莭郎(国立生理科学所教授):“钙离子与肌肉收缩,一个生物调节模型”;     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.