无机盐、维生素与植物生长调节剂对绣球菌菌丝生长的影响

研究了无机盐、维生素、植物生长调节剂对绣球菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明：硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钾和氯化钠质量浓度为1.0 g/L时,菌丝生长速率达到最大,随着添加量增加,菌丝生长速率呈下降趋势;维生素B1、B4、B6在供试范围内对菌丝生长的促进作用较强,维生素B2、B12对菌丝生长影响不显著,在含有8 mg/L维生素B4的培养...     

矿质营养与其他生长物质对荷叶离褶伞菌丝生长的影响

1mg／mL KCl促进荷叶离褶伞菌丝生长;5或10mg／mL NaCl、5或10mg／mL MgSO4、5或10mg／mLKCl、10mg／mL H2PO4和1mg／mL CaSO4抑制菌丝生长;0．8mg／mL的MnSO4和CuSO4以及0．5mg／mL FeSO4、0．2或0．5mg／mL CoCl2和0．2、0．5或0．8mg／mL ZnSO4促进菌丝生长;0．5或0．2mg／mL CuSO4、0．2或0．5mg／mL MnSO4及0．8或0．2mg／mL FeSO4对菌丝生长的影响不显著;维生素B6、维生素C、维生素PP和维生素B1可促进菌丝生长,在含有10μg/L维生素B6的培养基上菌丝生长速度最快,但维生素C试用浓度较低（50μg／L）时对菌丝生长的影响不显著;吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、奈乙酸对菌丝生长具有促进作用,但0．1、0．5或1．0μg／L赤霉素对菌丝生长的影响不显著。     

矿质营养与其他生长物质对荷叶离褶伞菌丝生长的影响

1mg/mLKCl促进荷叶离褶伞菌丝生长;5或10mg/mLNaCl、5或10mg/mLMgSO4、5或10mg/mLKCl、10mg/mLH2PO4和1mg/mLCaSO4抑制菌丝生长;0.8mg/mL的MnSO4和CuSO4以及0.5mg/mLFeSO4、0.2或0.5mg/mLCoCl2和0.2、0.5或0.8mg/mLZnSO4促进菌丝生长;0.5或0.2mg/mLCuSO4、0.2或0.5mg/mLMnSO4及0.8或0.2mg/mLFeSO4对菌丝生长的影响不显著;维生素B6、维生素C、维生素PP和维生素B1可促进菌丝生长,在含有10μg/L维生素B6的培养基上菌丝生长速度最快,但维生素C试用浓度较低(50μg/L)时对菌丝生长的影响不显著;吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、奈乙酸对菌丝生长具有促进作用,但0.1、0.5或1.0μg/L赤霉素对菌丝生长的影响不显著。     

干巴菌菌丝营养生理特性的初步研究

本文报道了不同碳源、氮源、微量元素及维生素培养基对干巴菌菌丝生长的影响。试验表明,干巴菌菌丝利用最好的碳原是葡萄糖,其次是蔗糖;利用最好的氮源是硝酸钙,其次是硝酸铁和硫酸饮,对蛋白际和尿素的利用效果差。缺少联源或氮源时菌丝生长细弱、稀少,不形成原基。微量元素和维生素均对干巴菌菌丝生长有促进作用,其中以锰、铜和维生素B2的作用尤为突出。     

东喜马拉雅山地区木材腐朽菌研究2.四川青城山的木材腐朽菌

在四川青城山风景区发现木材腐朽菌60种,给出了每个木材腐朽菌的寄主和生长基质。拟黄薄孔菌Antrodia subxantha为一新种,其特点为子实体平伏,孔口表面黄色,担孢子圆柱形至窄椭圆形（3－4×1.6－2.1μm）,菌髓主要由生殖菌丝组成;该种与黄薄孔菌Antrodia xantha具有相似的孔口表面,但后者的担孢子为腊肠形（4－5×1.2－1.5μm）,且其菌髓主要有骨架菌丝组成。     

猪苓菌丝细胞活性氧的产生及其种类

用液体发酵的蜜环菌菌丝、菌丝细胞壁及发酵液作为激发子,分别处理猪苓菌丝,均可诱导猪苓菌丝活性氧的产生。活性氧产生量与激发子浓度具相关性。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、甘露醇均可在一定程度上抑制活性氧的产生,证明活性氧种类包括过氧化氢（H2O2）、羟基自由基（·OH）和超氧根阴离子(O·－2)。Diphenylene iodonium (DPI)能削弱激发子对活性氧的诱导,表明O·－2来源于NADPH氧化酶。     

维生素B2和B6补充对大鼠高尿酸血症的影响

目的：观察维生素B2（VitB2）和维生素B6（VitB6）补充对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸水平的影响,并探讨可能的机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为空白对照组（C组）、氧嗪酸钾模型组（HU组）、阳性对照组（AL组,别嘌呤醇20 mg/kg·BW）、维生素B2组（B2组,VitB2 1.18 mg/kg·BW）、维生素B6组（B6组,VitB6 23.73 mg/kg·BW）、维生素B2＋B6组（BB组,1.18 mg/kg·BW VitB2＋23.73 mg/kg·BW VitB6）。C组普通饲料喂养;其他各组大鼠利用酵母饲料＋氧嗪酸钾灌胃建模。干预持续16w,并动态监测SUA。16w后,检测SUA、Urea、SCr,肝脏ADA和XOD活性,观察肾脏病理切片。分析VitB2、VitB6对SUA、XOD、ADA的交互作用。结果：干预16w末,HU组、B2组、B6组、BB组大鼠SUA水平与C组相比均明显升高（P值均＜0.05）。与HU组相比,大鼠SUA、Urea、SCr水平在B2组、B6组、BB组显著降低（P值均＜0.05）;AL组、B2组、B6组、BB组肝脏XOD活性明显降低（P值均＜0.05）;AL组、B2组、B6组肝脏ADA活性显著降低（P值均＜0.05）。析因设计分析显示,VitB2和VitB6无交互作用。肾脏病理结果显示,HU组、B2组、BB组存在不同程度的炎性细胞浸润。结论：维生素B2、B6可在一定程度上降低高尿酸血症大鼠的尿酸水平。     

采用EF-1α序列及气生菌丝上的孢子形态特征对九州镰孢菌、拟枝孢镰孢菌和厚垣镰孢菌的鉴定

对九州镰孢菌Fusarium kyushuense、厚垣镰孢菌F. chlamydosporum 和拟枝孢镰孢菌F. sporotrichioides在气生菌丝上产生的孢子进行了比较。九州镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生多隔孢子（即中型分生孢子）;厚垣镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生的主要是0隔针叶状分生孢子;拟枝孢镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生两种类型的分生孢子：芜菁形、单胞分生孢子以及椭圆形、0－1隔的分生孢子。多隔的气生孢子（中型分生孢子）在厚垣镰孢菌和拟枝孢镰孢菌这两个种中偶尔可以观察到,但是不应作为对这两个种进行鉴定的主要     

粉被虫草N~6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷高产菌株的原生质体诱变育种

在粉被虫草（CordycepspruinosaPetch）无性型─-粉被马利娅霉（MariannaeaPruinosaLiang）原生质体形成和再生的前期研究基础上,报道了通过原生质体诱变培育高产N6－（2－羟乙基）腺苷菌株的研究结果。粉被马利娅霉Cp－14单孢子株经15W紫外灯照射后,获得一高产突变株MpM－135。经多代移植后,此突变株比出发菌株Cp－14的N6－（2－羟乙基）腺苷含量提高了14．8％。实验还表明,粉被虫草无性型菌丝提取物对枯草杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）抗紫外辐射效果与菌丝所含N6－（2－羟乙基）腺苷含量有正相关性。     

鳜源致病性荧光假单菌的分离与鉴定

为确定导致鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）细菌性感染死亡的病原,从患病濒死的鳜肝中分离出一株优势菌B01,经人工回感实验确定其分离菌的致病性,并利用VITEK-2全自动微生物鉴定仪及16S rRNA序列分析对纯培养细菌进行鉴定。此外,对分离的菌株进行药敏实验。研究结果表明,菌株B01对鳜鱼具有致病性。经VITEK-2全自动微生物鉴定仪鉴定菌株B01为荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）（表1）,并在紫外灯可以产生荧光（图1）。进一步的16S rRNA基因序列和系统发育树分析表明,该菌与荧光假单胞菌同源性达到了97%以上,并和（图2）。药物敏感性实验结果显示,该分离株对恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、链霉素和四环素药物等6种药物高度敏感（表2）。     

含维生素A功能稻紫宝香糯1号的选育与利用

紫宝香糯1号是江西省玉山县特种水稻研究中心利用紫香糯诱变产生的突变体与地方品种八月香糯杂交配组选育而成的新型水稻品种。糙米中富含钙、硒、维生素E、维生素B1和维生素B6等功能营养成分;且糙米中维生素A含量为11 IU/100g,是目前世界上第一个栽培稻内源基因型含天然维生素A的水稻品种,对人类具有较高的营养及保健功能,2006年通过江西省品种审定委员会审定,命名为赣晚糯6号。     

Induced proteome of Trichoderma harzianum by Botrytis cinerea

As a notable biocontrol agent, Trichoderma harzianum can antagonize a diverse array of phytopathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Elucidating the biocontrol mechanism of T. harzianum in response to the pathogens enables it to be exploited in the control of plant diseases. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed to obtain secreted protein patterns of T. harzianum ETS 323, grown in media that contained glucose, a mixture of glucose and deactivated B. cinerea mycelia, deactivated B. cinerea mycelia or deactivated T. harzianum mycelia. Selected protein spots were identified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Ninety one out of 100 excised protein spots were analyzed and some proteins were sequence identified. Of these, one l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) and two endochitinases were uniquely induced in the media that contained deactivated B. cinerea mycelia as the sole carbon source. Activities of the cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), including β-1,3-glucanases, β-1,6-glucanases, chitinases, proteases and xylanases, were significantly higher in media with deactivated B. cinerea mycelia than in other media. This finding suggests that the cell wall of B. cinerea is indeed the primary target of T. harzianum ETS 323 in the biocontrol mechanism. The possible roles of LAAO and xylanase were also discussed.     

比较研究白蚁巢上生长的担子菌——鸡(土从)菌及其分生孢子阶段小白球菌的生长与其基质的生态关系

鸡(土从)菌Termitomyces albuminosus(Berk.)Heim..及其分生孢子阶段小白球菌在基础培养基上生长缓慢,而在基础培养基上分别添加乌头酸、延胡索酸、柠檬酸或者添加生物素、VB_1、VB_2等都能促进鸡(土从)菌和小白球菌菌丝体及其分生孢子的生长。实验还表明维生素混合使用效果比单一添加为好。鸡(土从)菌和小白球菌生长的合适的碳源是麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖,而淀粉、甘露醇效果不良;合适的氮源是蛋白胨、花生粉、黄豆粉、甘氨酸和铵盐,但是小白球菌生长的培养基中含氮量不宜过高,一般为0.2％左右,而鸡(土从)菌要求含氮量较高,最佳的氮源浓度范围为0.4—0.6％。鸡(土从)菌和小白球菌菌丝体生长的pH值范围为4.0—5.5之间,鸡(土从)菌最适的pH值在4.0—4.5之间,而小白球菌最适pH值随着培养基组成和CO_2浓度的不同会有所变化。小白球菌具有忍耐高浓度CO_2(15％)的特性,静置培养比摇瓶培养生长更好。鸡(土从)菌菌丝体却需要较低的CO_2浓度方能生长良好,它更适宜于摇瓶培养。目前鸡(土从)菌和小白球菌菌丝体在实验室条件下生长都非常良好,液体培养已获得成功,为人工栽培和利用鸡(土从)菌提供了一条可能的途径。     

Symbiotic germination and development of myco-heterotrophic plants in nature: transfer of carbon from ectomycorrhizal Salix repens and Betula pendula to the orchid Corallorhiza trifida through shared hyphal connections

Seedlings of the myco-heterotrophic orchid Corallorhiza trifida which had been germinated in the field in mesh bags developed hyphal links and mycorrhizas with Betula pendula and Salix repens , but not with Pinus sylvestris , when transplanted into soil microcosms. The fungus connecting the myco-heterotroph to Betula and Salix formed endomycorrhiza in the orchid with typical pelotons, but formed ectomycorrhizas with the autotrophs. The orchid plants, when linked to Betula and Salix by fungal hyphae, gained 6–14% in weight over 25–28 wk. In microcosms supporting P. sylvestris , and in control microcosms which lacked autotrophs, the Corallorhiza plants lost 13% of their weight over the same period. In the course of the 28-wk experimental period new Corallorhiza seedlings, in addition to those added as part of the experiment, appeared in the microcosms containing Salix and Betula but not in the Pinus microcosms. Shoots of Betula and Salix plants grown in association with Corallorhiza were fed with ¹⁴CO₂, and the movement of the isotope was subsequently traced by a combination of digital autoradiography and tissue oxidation. Direct transfer of C from both autotrophs to the myco-heterotroph occurred in all cases where the associates had become connected by a shared fungal symbiont. Orchid seedlings lacking these hyphal connections, introduced to the microcosms as controls immediately before isotope feeding, failed to assimilate significant amounts of C. The results provide the first experimental confirmation that growth of Corallorhiza trifida can be sustained by supply of C received directly from an autotrophic partner through linked fungal mycelia.     

Virus Particles from Conidia of Penicillium Species

Virus particles and their component double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) have been isolated from conidia and mycelia of certain Penicillium species. The conidia and mycelia of P. stoloniferum NRRL 5267 contained 75 and 85 mug of dsRNA/g (dry weight), respectively. Of the total dsRNA released from NRRL 5267 conidia, 10% was nonencapsulated. Conidia of P. brevi-compactum NRRL 5260 and P. chrysogenum Q-176 contained 2 and 120 mug of dsRNA/g (dry weight), respectively, whereas mycelium from the two species contained 3 and 95 mug of dsRNA/g (dry weight), respectively. No viruses were isolated from conidia or mycelia of P. stoloniferum NRRL 859. A method is described for disruption of both conidia and mycelia. The technique facilitates the isolation and characterization of fungal viruses and their component dsRNA and also potentiates surveying of fungal isolates for the presence of virus.     

施加角担子菌B6对连作西瓜土壤微环境和西瓜生长的影响

在盆栽条件下,研究了施加角担子菌B6的菌丝对连作西瓜的土壤微生物区系以及产量的影响,以探索西瓜连作障碍的生物防治措施。施加B6的活菌丝(C)显著减少土壤中真菌的数量、增加细菌/放线菌的比例,在西瓜成熟期,与对照(A)和施加灭活的B6菌丝(B)相比,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌(FO)的数量分别减少了29.9%和63.3%。相比对照(A),在成熟期,C处理中土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶的活力分别提高了19.0%、159.0%和31.3%;西瓜超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别增加32.7%和4.6%,西瓜根系活力(TTC法)增强46.2%,丙二醛(MDA)含量减少51.4%。与对照(A)和施加灭活B6菌(B)相比,施加B6菌(C)后,西瓜单果重分别增加44.8%和40.9%,总产量分别增加103.8%和64.9%,可溶性糖含量分别增加35.1%和10.0%。施加B6的活菌丝能够通过改善土壤微环境,提高西瓜植株的抵抗力,进而增加产量。     

Copper and cobalt alter the cell wall composition of Cunninghamella blakesleeana

Cunninghamella blakesleeana was highly sensitive to Cu and Co on a medium containing NaNO3 as the sole nitrogen source. The nitrate reductive pathway was altered by Cu and Co, and NO-2 accumulated in the medium. Under conditions of Cu toxicity, the mycelium and the cell walls acquired a blue color, and most of the Cu was located in the cell walls, which differed in several aspects from cell walls derived from Co-containing or control cultures. At half-maximal growth inhibition by Cu (2.5 micrograms/mL or 39.3 microM) or Co (3.5 micrograms/mL or 59.4 microM), the mycelia contained 1.5 micrograms Cu or 1.0 microgram Co/mg dry tissue, respectively, but the isolated cell walls contained 33.5 micrograms Cu or 1.8 micrograms Co/mg dry cell wall. The phosphorous content of mycelia from Co-containing cultures was the same as that from control cultures, whereas that of mycelia from Cu-containing cultures contained 36% less. However, the phosphorous content of the cell walls from mycelia cultured in the presence of Cu or Co was two- and three-fold higher, respectively, than that of cell walls from control cultures. The cell walls of Cu-containing cultures contained significantly less hexosamine than the control cell walls, and chitin and chitosan were present in equal quantities. The cell walls of Co-containing cultures had the same amount of hexosamine as the control cell walls, but 88% of the hexosamine was present as chitosan and bound very little Co. The control cell walls contained approximately 60% chitosan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Peroxide sensitivity of endothelin responses in coronary artery smooth muscle: ETA vs. ETB pathways

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyridoxine (Vitamine B6) deficiency on the immunological response of BALB/c mice infected with the parasite T. spiralis. Specific anti-parasite IgM and IgG immunoglobulins were detected by ELISA method in the serum of treated animals at different periods for 60 days post infection.Vitamin B6-deficiency was induced in two separate groups of mice by either (1) maintaining the mice on a Vitamin B6-deficient synthetic pellet diet for 40 days before infection, or (2) by daily intraperitoneal injection of 8 ×105 M/100 g of 4-Deoxypyridoxine (4-DPD), a potent antagonist of Vitamin B6 for 20 days prior to infection. These two groups of mice were then injected with 100 larvae (L1-T. spiralis) per os.Parasite burdens in the mice were observed by light microscopy. Cysts were present in the diaphragms of the mice after 60 days post-infection. Parasite specific IgG, as well as IgG. levels were determined in the sera of infected mice fed a normal diet. These levels were found to be lower in the 4-DPD-treated mice compared to the untreated mice. The inhibition started from the 10th day and continued to the 60th day, and in the 4-DPD treated group the inhibition initiated after 24 h to 60 days. IgM level also was depressed by 4-DPD, starting from 24 h after injection of the compound. In mice fed Vitamin B6-deficient diets the levels of IgG were lower than in mice fed normal diets.These results show that BALB/c mice infected with T. spiralis and fed either a Vitamin B6-deficient diet or a diet which included the Vitamin B6-antagonist, 4-DPD, both influence the course of IgG, IgGI and IgM production.     

块磷鹅膏的培养条件及所产Amanitins毒素的分析

采集并组织分离到块磷鹅膏Amanita spissa的纯培养菌丝。探讨了各种培养条件对块磷鹅膏菌丝生长的影响,实验结果表明,在28℃,pH 6.0,避光的条件下块磷鹅膏的菌丝体生长最好。液体反应器人工培养块磷鹅膏获得成功,其液体培养的菌丝体干重在摇瓶中为0.893g/L,在气升式反应器内可达到2.33g/L。固体斜面培养和气升式反应器液体培养的菌丝体的HPLC分析表明菌丝体内含有鹅膏毒肽,而不含有鬼笔毒肽。两种培养条件下菌丝体的-αamanitin毒素含量略有不同,固体斜面菌丝体为26.02μg/gDCW、反应器培养菌丝体为15.25μg/gDCW。通过抑芽法试验也证明固体和液体培养菌丝体中含有-αamanitin,且具有和子实体中-αamanitin相同的生物学活性。结果表明有可能通过液体大规模培养鹅膏菌丝体来生产鹅膏毒素。