红树林来源的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

红树林是分布于热带、亚热带海岸潮间带的特殊植物,近年来红树植物的传统医学用途及红树林中微生物功能引起了研究者越来越多的关注,特别是有关红树林中生物活性物质的相关报导不断增加。本文按照红树林中所发现生物活性物质的用途进行分类,对近年来红树林中生物活性物质的提取分离、生物功能等方面的主要研究成果进行综述,并对此方面的发展趋势、应用前景进行展望。     

药用植物内生真菌及活性物质多样性研究进展

药用植物具有丰富的物种多样性,是人类生存与发展的重要自然资源。内生真菌广泛存在于健康植物组织内部,是植物微生态系统的重要组成部分,各种药用植物中蕴藏着非常丰富的内生真菌。通过与药用植物的“协同进化”,某些内生真菌具有了产生与宿主植物相同或相似的生物活性物质的能力。内生真菌产生的各种活性物质,在生物制药、农业生产、工业发酵等方面都表现出美好的应用前景,受到世界各国专家的广泛关注。利用内生真菌发酵实现生物活性物质的工业化生产,可以提高产量、降低产品成本,满足人们日益增长的需求;同时有利于珍稀、濒危药用植物资源的保护,对减少野生药用植物多样性的破坏具有重要意义。本文从药用植物内生真菌物种多样性与产生生物活性物质多样性等方面总结近年最新的研究进展,提出了内生真菌及活性物质研究的未来发展方向。     

植物内生菌及其活性代谢产物

植物内生茵是一种新的微生物资源,具有潜在的应用价值。近年来,从植物内生茵中寻找新的生物活性物质的研究方兴未艾。对近年来从植物内生茵中发现的抗肿瘤、抗茵、抗病毒、杀虫、免疫抑制、抗氧化、降糖等活性化合物及其相应的产生茵的研究作一简要综述。     

利用海洋硅藻生产生物活性物质研究进展*

生物活性物质在食品、饵料、化妆品、保健品和医药等行业具有广阔的应用前景,其研究早已受到广泛关注。鉴于海洋硅藻具有生长速度快、生物活性物质含量高、易于规模培养、便于提取等诸多优势,为理想的生物活性物质生产者。尽管国内外已进行了大量利用海洋硅藻生产生物活性物质的研究,但是受限于培养工艺老旧、生产成本过高等缺陷,商业化利用海洋硅藻开发生物活性物质依然停滞不前。阐述海洋硅藻五种常见生物活性物质的应用价值,进一步探讨海洋硅藻高产生物活性物质的策略,就如何低成本、高效开发利用硅藻源生物活性物质提出建议,为海洋硅藻商业化开发利用提供参考。     

试论应用孢粉学及其新进展

本文从应用孢粉学的特点出发，阐述了孢粉学在油气形成原始物质，环境科学研究，植物分类，农业与养蜂业等应用方面的进展，并对孢粉的化学成分与生物活性物质研究进展了总结，期望对我国孢粉应用研究有所裨益。     

产β-甘露聚糖酶内生菌

植物内生菌研究已经成为微生物研究的热点[1],最初主要集中于拮抗菌的筛选,近几年更关注于生物活性物质的分离.最近有报道,将从植物内生菌作为一种开发工业用酶资源的新角度去研究[2],这为继续开发其它工业用酶或生物活性物质的内生菌的研究提供了理论依据,从而拓宽了植物内生菌的应用研究范围.     

植物内生菌及其开发应用研究进展

内生菌是一类新的微生物资源,能够产生多种生物活性物质,具有重大的研究价值,开发前景广阔。本文介绍了植物内生菌的概念和分布,并阐述了植物内生菌在国内外医药、农业领域的开发应用研究现状,旨在为进一步研究植物内生菌提供新的思路。     

生物技术领域中超声波的应用

超声波具有穿透力强、方向性好的特点,在很多领域有着广泛的应用前景。超声波应用于生物技术领域,具有成本低、操作简单、生物效应明显、污染小或无污染等优点。本文概述了超声波生物学效应的产生机制,及其在植物无基质培养、生物活性物质的提取、固定化酶活性的提高及基因转导等生物技术领域中的应用及前景。     

生物工程技术讲座(三)

向植物细胞内引入微生物在应用细胞融合技术进行植物细胞杂交育种的同时,近年来人们试图把遗传信息直接引入细咆内。如用转化方法把带有某种遗传信息(植物的固氮、产生某些生物活性物质以及植物的抗性等功能)的DNA 引入植物细胞,但都未能获得肯定的结果。尽管到目前为止基因工程技术进步很快,但对高等植物来讲还远不能广泛应用基因工程像在微生物那样取得成果。高等植物强韧的细胞壁是进行生物工程的一大障碍。自从应用酶处理细胞壁,把植物细胞变成原生质体的方法开展以后,才     

曼陀罗药用价值的开发和利用

现代医学和临床研究表明,曼陀罗含有莨菪碱、东莨菪碱等多种生物活性物质,在生物医药领域的研究和应用中,具有广阔的前景。为了更好地开发利用这一药用植物资源,本文对其生物学特性,药用成分及开发利用现状等方面进行了综述,力求为相关研究提供参考。     

Bioactive food components and cancer risk reduction

Research over the last three decades has provided convincing evidence to support the premise that diets rich in fruits and vegetables may be protective against the risk of different types of cancers. Initial evidence for protective effect of fruits and vegetables against cancer risk came from population-based case-control studies, which prompted intense research aimed at (a) identification of bioactive component(s) responsible for the anticancer effects of fruits and vegetables, (b) elucidation of the mechanisms by which bioactive food components may prevent cancer, and (c) determination of their efficacy for prevention of cancer in animal models. The bioactive components responsible for cancer chemopreventive effects of various edible plants have now been identified. For instance, anticancer effect of Allium vegetables including garlic is attributed to organosulfur compounds (e.g., diallyl trisulfide). Interestingly, unlike cancer chemotherapy drugs, many bioactive food components selectively target cancer cells. Molecular basis for selectivity of anticancer bioactive food components towards cancer cells remains elusive, but these agents appear promiscuous and target multiple signal transduction pathways to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Despite convincing observational and experimental evidence, however, limited effort has been directed towards clinical investigations to determine efficacy of bioactive food components for prevention of human cancers. This article reviews current knowledge on cancer chemopreventive effects of a few highly promising dietary constituents, including garlic-derived organosulfides, berry compounds, and cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanates, and serves to illustrate complexity of the signal transduction mechanisms in cancer chemoprevention by these promising bioactive food components.     

Pachysandra型生物碱的化学结构及活性筛选

本文简要报道黄杨科凳果族植物中Ｐａｃｈｓａｎｄｒａ型生物碱的化学结构研究概况及药理活性筛选的初步结果。药理活性筛选结果表明,筛选的化合物大多具有抗癌（Ｐ３８８和Ｌ１２１０）活性,部分化合物显示较高活性的抗溃疡作用。     

The effects of tannin-rich plants on parasitic nematodes in ruminants

Apart from the obvious role of plants in herbivore nutrition, they are also a rich source of bioactive products that can operate either to the benefit or the detriment of grazing animals. Here, we review the available evidence for the potential beneficial effects that plant-derived bioactive substances can have on gastrointestinal parasites. Tannin-rich plants have attracted most attention for their effect on internal nematodes in ruminants. These plants could act through direct antiparasitic activity but might also act indirectly by increasing host resistance. The effects vary with the species of plant, parasite and host. More research is required to understand better the mechanisms of action, and therefore make more pertinent use of these bioactive plants in livestock systems.     

三七总皂苷抗肝纤维化作用机制的研究进展

肝纤维化是各种慢性肝病共同的病理基础,是慢性肝病发展到肝硬化、肝癌的必经途径。寻找有效的抗肝纤维化药物是近年研究的热点,其中对三七的研究也取得了很大进展。现综述近几年三七皂苷在保护肝细胞、抑制肝星形细胞活化、促进肝星形细胞凋亡、抑制细胞外基质的合成及促使其降解等方面的作用及可能机制,同时也阐述了三七总皂苷在抗肝纤维化中的重要意义及应用前景。     

Bioactive fractions containing methyl eugenol-derived sex pheromonal components in haemolymph of the male fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Sex pheromonal components of the tephritid fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol and (E)-coniferyl alcohol, are biosynthesized from a highly potent male attractant, methyl eugenol, then sequestered and stored in the rectal gland prior to their release during courtship at dusk. These sex pheromonal components have been detected in the haemolymph and crop organ. Hence, attempts were made to separate and identify the haemolymph fractions which contained the sex pheromonal components. Identification of these bioactive fractions in methyl eugenol-fed male flies using gel filtration column chromatography and biodetection using live male flies showed two fractions as highly attractive to conspecific males. These fractions show a significant increase in protein absorbance in the elution profile of haemolymph from methyl eugenol-fed males compared with that from methyl eugenol-deprived males. The molecular mass of these bioactive fractions as determined by using gel filtration was in the peptide range of 3.3 to 5.5 kDa. Subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses further confirmed the presence of the pheromonal components in the bioactive fractions. The presence of these methyl eugenol-derived sex pheromonal components in specific haemolymph fractions suggests the involvement of a sex pheromone binding complex.     

Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveal the regulation mechanism underlying MeJA-induced accumulation of alkaloids in Dendrobium officinale

Journal of Plant Research - Dendrobium officinale is a traditional medicinal herb with a variety of bioactive components. Alkaloid is one of the major active ingredients of Dendrobium plants, and...     

The effect of marine bioactive substances (N PRO) and exogenous cytokinins on nitrate reductase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana

We investigated the effect of exogenous cytokinins and marine bioactive substances containing seaweed extracts (marketed by the ROULLIER Group under the trade name N PRO^TM.) on nitrate reductase activity in Arabidopsis . Cytokinins, applied either directly in the growth medium or as a foliar spray, did not significantly influence nitrate reductase activity in extracts from in vitro grown Arabidopsis plants. Conversely, Arabidopsis grown in the presence of or sprayed with N PRO had increased nitrate reductase activity. This stimulatory effect of N PRO was even higher when the plants were grown on low nitrate concentration, suggesting that these marine bioactive substances may be beneficial for plant growth in adverse nutritional conditions.     

Low concentration of condensed tannins from catechu significantly inhibits fatty acid synthase and growth of MCF-7 cells

Tannins exist widely in plants, but because they precipitate proteins, scientists frequently ignore them in search of bioactive components. Catechu, a traditional astringent, is rich in tannins. In this study, we found that condensed tannins from catechu potently inhibited animal fatty acid synthase (FAS). Among them, trimeric condensed tannin showed the most potent inhibition with IC₅₀ of 0.47 μg/ml and it also exhibited strong time-dependent inhibition. Its inhibitory kinetics and reacting sites on FAS were obviously different from the known inhibitors of FAS. Furthermore, condensed tannins were found to suppress the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the effect was related to their activity of FAS inhibition. The inhibition of both FAS activity and MCF-7 growth was exhibited by low concentrations of condensed tannins without FAS being precipitated. These results suggest tannins would be a valuable resource of bioactive substances.     

How plants make and sense changes in their levels of Gibberellin

To cope with constantly changing environments, plants employ versatile mechanisms. Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of well-characterized plant hormones that enable plastic growth and developments in higher plants throughout their life cycles. Several key components of GA metabolism and signaling have now been revealed through elegant molecular genetics analyses powered by genomics information fromArabidopsis and rice. Here, we highlight recent findings concerning the molecular mechanisms by which plants control their bioactive GA levels and sense/respond to changes in gibberellin concentrations.