人源单克隆抗人免疫缺陷病毒1型抗体Fab段基因的获得

应用噬苏体抗体库技术有效地筛选出了多株抗ＨＩＶ－１人源单克隆抗体。以逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）从ＨＩＶ－１感染者外周血淋巴细胞中扩增抗体轻重链可变区基因,插入载体ｐＣＯＭＢ３,建立噬菌体抗体库。分别以ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１２０和ｇｐ１６０为固相抗原,经过多轮筛选,从中获得了多株抗ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ４１、ｇｐ１２０和ｇｐ１６０的单克隆抗体Ｆａｂ段基因。抗ＨＩＶ特异性噬菌体抗体随抗体库的筛选高度富集,抗     

HIV—1 SF2株env基因（120）在大肠杆菌中的表达

运用基因重组技术,将ＨＩＶ－１ ＳＦ２株编码外膜蛋白ｇｐ１２０的ｅｎｖ基因片段与原核载体ｐＢＶ２２０进行重组,构建成质粒ｐＢＶＳＦ２ｅｎｖ,并在大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ＣｏｉｌＤＨ１０ｂ）中获得表达,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｍｂｌｏｔ反应证实,该重组蛋白与来自ＨＩＶ－１感染者的血清（含多克隆抗体）发生特异性反应。     

BIV—1—gp120在重组杆状病毒系统中的表达

将中国株ＨＩＶ－１Ｂ亚型ｇｐ１２０全基因序列克隆到杆状病毒转座载体ｐＦａｓｔＢａｃＩ中多角体启动子下游,构建成重组转座载体ｐＦａｓｔＢａｃＩ－ｇｐ１２０,利用细菌／杆状病毒（Ｂａｃ ｔｏ Ｂａｃ）表达系统筛选重组杆状病毒,在昆虫细胞Ｓｆ９中高效表达了ＨＩＶ－１的外膜糖蛋白ｇｐ１２０,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析结果一致,证明表达了２种糖基化程度不同的ｇｐ１２０。     

中国HIV-1 B亚型P55和嵌合的P55-V3病毒样颗粒候选疫苗免疫效果的研究

研究我国艾滋病病毒Ⅰ型（ＨＩＶ－１）病毒样颗粒（ＶＬＰ）候选疫苗的免疫原性,为疫苗进行灵长类实验提供实验依据。将ｇａｇ和ｇａｇ－Ｖ３ ＶＬＰ不同剂量（５０μｇ、１０μｇ、１μｇ）在有佐剂（氢氧化铝）和无佐剂条件下皮下免疫小鼠,然后眼眶采血,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法观察免疫鼠血清中抗体与剂量关系,以及中和抗体滴度和抗体ＩｇＧ亚型ＩｇＧ１和ＩｇＧ２ａ的水平。同时取鼠脾淋巴细胞,体外抗原刺激后收取淋巴细胞分泌上清     

我国首次发现的HIV—1和HIV—2双重感染样品中病毒部分基因的序列特 …

上海市卫生检疫局送检了一例ＨＩＶ－１和ＨＩＶ－２抗体检测均呈阳性的双重感染样品,对其感染的ＨＩＶ前病毒的ｇａｇ和ｅｎｖ基因区进行了序列分析,首次阐明我国发现的ＨＩＶ双重感染样品的ＨＩＶ部分基因特征。从ＨＩＶ感染者淋巴细胞（ｐｅｒｉｐｈｅｒａｌ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｍｏｎｏｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＰＢＭＣ）中提取前病毒ＤＮＡ,分别使用ＨＩＶ－１和ＨＩＶ－２特异性引特用套式ＰＣＲ扩增ＨＩＶ－１和ＨＩＶ－２     

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型感染中的抗体中和反应

本文介绍了人类免疫缺陷病毒１型（ＨＩＶ－１）感染中有关中和抗体研究的新近进展,包括中和抗体反应的特异性,如中和表位的种类和表达,ＨＩＶ中和反应的机制等。地ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１２０和ｇｐ４１分子的研究结果资料,作了较为详尽的描述。文中尚提出了ＨＩＶ感染预防疫苗研制的途径。     

1995年云南瑞丽HIV1毒株的基因变异和分析

从１９９５年瑞丽静脉注射毒品者及其配偶２６人的血样中,经ＰＣＲ扩增细胞内ＨＩＶ基因并对其ｅｎｖＣ２－Ｖ３区进行测序,结果发现１８人为Ｂ亚型ＨＩＶ１,８人为Ｃ亚型ＨＩＶ１毒株,在瑞丽以Ｂ亚型毒株为主,与我们以往报告一致,Ｃ亚型毒株的出现曾有报告,我们进一步分析发现,Ｃ亚型毒株感染者多在１９９４和１９９５年被感染,根据其核苷酸序列测定的基因离散率（２．２５％）,远小于Ｂ型毒株（６．７％）,也说明它是近     

家蚕核型多角体病毒gp64基因的克隆和全序列测定

：Ｂｍ ＮＰＶ ｇｐ６４ 基因在杆状病毒分子生物学和杆状病毒表达系统研究中具有重要的作用,以ＡｃＭＮＰＶ ｇｐ６４ 基因为探针,杂交显示Ｂｍ ＮＰＶ ｇｐ６４ 基因定位于其基因组Ｂａｍ ＨＩ酶切的４ ．２ｋｂ 和７－４ｋｂ 片段上,克隆阳性片段,重组质粒分别命名为ｐＺＤＢＭ４２ 和ｐＺＤＢＭ７４ 。对重组质粒进一步杂交,将片断更精确定位于０－４５ｋｂ 片段、０－７５ｋｂ 片断上和１－１５ｋｂ 片断上,将三个片断ＤＮＡ 进行序列分析,结果表明：Ｂｍ ＮＰＶ 的ｇｐ６４ 基因的开放阅读框（ＯＲＦ） 有１５３０ 核苷酸,编码５０９ 个氨基酸。序列同源性比较显示,Ｂｍ ＮＰＶ ｇｐ６４ 基因和ＡｃＭＮＰＶｇｐ６４ 基因的核苷酸序列同源性达８４－３ ％ ,氨基酸序列同源性达９４－７ ％ 。Ｂｍ ＮＰＶ ｇｐ６４ 基因Ｃ 端的信号肽序列和Ｎ 端的锚定序列对于Ｂｍ ＮＰＶ 表达系统的改进具有重要的意义。     

广西壮族自治区HIV—1流行毒株的基因序列测定和亚型分析

使用ＰＣＲ技术对１４份广西ＨＩＶ－１阳性感染者外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）样品进行扩增,获得ＨＩＶ－１膜蛋白（ｅｎｖ）基因的核酸片段,并对其Ｃ２－Ｖ３及邻区３５０￣４５０个核苷酸序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明,１４份样品中９份为泰国Ｂ（Ｂ＇）亚型,５份为Ｅ亚型毒株。其中Ｂ＇亚型毒株的基因离散率为４．２％,与Ａ－Ｅ参考亚型及部分Ｂ亚型代表株序列相比较,与包括泰国、缅甸及云南德宏在内的Ｂ亚型毒株序列十     

人类免疫缺陷病毒膜蛋白基因（env）F亚型毒株在中国的首例发现

１９９８年广东某戒毒所ＨＩＶ阳性感染者的血样,经ＰＣＲ扩增未培养细胞内ＨＩＶ前病毒基因并对Ｃ２－Ｖ３区进行测序和分析,发现两例感染者与巴西Ｆ亚型毒株ＢＺ１６３的基因离散率小于４％;Ｎｅｉｇｈｂｏｒ－ｊｏｉｎｉｎｇ系统树表明,它们与Ｆ亚型聚在一起;通过异源双链泳动技术分析法（ＨＭＡ）分析,这两例感染者与Ｆ亚型形成明显的异源二聚体。上述各项研究结果表明,Ｆ亚型ＨＩＶ－１已传入我国。     

Ag85B of mycobacteria elicits effective CTL responses through activation of robust Th1 immunity as a novel adjuvant in DNA vaccine

CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in CTL generation in a DNA vaccination strategy. Several studies have demonstrated the requirement of CD4+ T cells for the induction of a sufficient immune response by coadministrating DNAs. In the present study we investigated the effectiveness of Ag85B of mycobacteria, which is known to be one of the immunogenic proteins for Th1 development, as an adjuvant of a DNA vaccine. HIV gp120 DNA vaccine mixed with Ag85B DNA as an adjuvant induced HIV gp120-specific Th1 responses, as shown by delayed-type hypersensitivity, cytokine secretion, and increasing HIV-specific CTL responses. Moreover, these responses were enhanced in mice primed with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin before immunization of HIV DNA vaccine mixed with Ag85B DNA. Furthermore, these immunized mice showed substantial reduction of HIV gp120-expressing recombinant vaccinia virus titers compared with the titers in other experimental mice after recombinant vaccinia virus challenge. Because most humans have been sensitized by spontaneous infection or by vaccination with mycobacteria, these findings indicate that Ag85B is a promising adjuvant for enhancing CTL responses in a DNA vaccination strategy.     

含HIV-1 gag、gagV3基因的重组腺病毒伴随病毒的构建及其免疫原性的研究

将HIV－1中国株42（B亚型）gag基因及gag与gp120 V3区的嵌合基因gag V3插入腺病毒伴随病毒（AAV）表达载体（pSNAV）质粒中,构建重组质粒pSNAV-gag及pSNAV-gagV3;采用脂质体转染的方法分别将重组质粒转入BHK细胞,G418筛选得到转入重组质粒并能表达外源基因的细胞系,命名为BHK－gag及BHK－gagV3。用具有重组腺病毒伴随病毒（rAAV）包装功能的一种重组单纯疱疹病毒（rHSV）分析感染这两株细胞系,纯化后得到rAAV,电镜观察可见到大量实心病毒颗粒,核酸杂交检测重组病毒滴度达到10^12病毒颗粒／ml,重组病毒感染293细胞,ELISA检测有gag及gagV3基因的表达。用重组病毒免疫Balb/C小鼠,检测抗体及细胞免疫水平,证明重组病毒可以在小鼠体内诱导产生细胞及体液免疫。     

Evaluation of envelope vaccines derived from the South African subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TV1 strain

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infections are on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Therefore, there is a need to develop an HIV vaccine capable of eliciting broadly reactive immune responses against members of this subtype. We show here that modified HIV envelope (env) DNA vaccines derived from the South African subtype C TV1 strain are able to prime for humoral responses in rabbits and rhesus macaques. Priming rabbits with DNA plasmids encoding V2-deleted TV1 gp140 (gp140TV1DeltaV2), followed by boosting with oligomeric protein (o-gp140TV1DeltaV2) in MF59 adjuvant, elicited higher titers of env-binding and autologous neutralizing antibodies than priming with DNA vaccines encoding the full-length TV1 env (gp160) or the intact TV1 gp140. Immunization with V2-deleted subtype B SF162 env and V2-deleted TV1 env together using a multivalent vaccine approach induced high titers of oligomeric env-binding antibodies and autologous neutralizing antibodies against both the subtypes B and C vaccine strains, HIV-1 SF162 and TV1, respectively. Low-level neutralizing activity against the heterologous South African subtype C TV2 strain, as well as a small subset of viruses in a panel of 13 heterologous primary isolates, was observed in some rabbits immunized with the V2-deleted vaccines. Immunization of rhesus macaques with the V2-deleted TV1 DNA prime/protein boost also elicited high titers of env-binding antibodies and moderate titers of autologous TV1 neutralizing antibodies. The pilot-scale production of the various TV1 DNA vaccine constructs and env proteins described here should provide an initial platform upon which to improve the immunogenicity of these subtype C HIV envelope vaccines.     

Immunogenicity of DNA and Recombinant Sendai Virus Vaccines Expressing the HIV-1 gag Gene

Combinations of DNA and recombinant-viral-vector based vaccines are promising AIDS vaccine methods because of their potential for inducing cellular immune responses. It was found that Gag-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses were associated with lowering viremia in an untreated HIV-1 infected cohort. The main objectives of our studies were the construction of DNA and recombinant Sendal virus vector (rSeV) vaccines containing a gag gene from the prevalent Thailand subtype B strain in China and trying to use these vaccines for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines. The candidate plasmid DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1( )-gag and recombinant Sendai virus vaccine (rSeV-gag) were constructed separately. It was verified by Western blotting analysis that both DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines expressed the HIV-1 Gag protein correctly and efficiently. Balb/c mice were immunized with these two vaccines in different administration schemes. HIV-1 Gag-specific CTL responses and antibody levels were detected by intracellular cytokine staining assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) respectively. Combined vaccines in a DNA prime/rSeV-gag boost vaccination regimen induced the strongest and most long-lasting Gag-specific CTL and antibody responses. It maintained relatively high levels even 9 weeks post immunization. This data indicated that the prime-boost regimen with DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines may offer promising HIV vaccine regimens.     

Immunostimulatory DNA-based vaccines elicit multifaceted immune responses against HIV at systemic and mucosal sites

Immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS, also known as CpG motifs) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are potent stimulators of innate immunity. We tested the ability of ISS to act as an immunostimulatory pathogen-associated molecular pattern in a model HIV vaccine using gp120 envelope protein as the Ag. Mice immunized with gp120 and ISS, or a gp120:ISS conjugate, developed gp120-specific immune responses which included: 1) Ab production; 2) a Th1-biased cytokine response; 3) the secretion of beta-chemokines, which are known to inhibit the use of the CCR5 coreceptor by HIV; 4) CTL activity; 5) mucosal immune responses; and 6) CD8 T cell responses that were independent of CD4 T cell help. Based on these results, ISS-based immunization holds promise for the development of an effective preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccine.     

Polyvalent DNA prime and envelope protein boost HIV-1 vaccine elicits humoral and cellular responses and controls plasma viremia in rhesus macaques following rectal challenge with an R5 SHIV isolate

Immunization of macaques with multivalent DNA encoding gp120 genes from HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C and E and a gag gene followed by boosting with homologous gp120 proteins elicited strong anti-gp120 antibodies capable of neutralizing homologous and to a lesser degree heterologous HIV-1 isolates. Both Env- and Gag-specific cell mediated immune (CMI) responses were detected in the immunized animals. Following rectal challenge with an SHIV isolate encoding HIV-1(Ba-L)env, plasma viremia in the infected immunized animals was significantly lower than that observed in the na?ve animals. Further, one of six immunized animals was completely protected whereas all six na?ve animals were infected. These results demonstrate that a vaccine based on priming with a polyvalent DNA vaccine from multiple HIV-1 subtypes followed by boosting with homologous Env proteins elicits anti-HIV-1 immune responses capable of controlling rectal transmission of SHIV(Ba-L).     

Generation of genome-wide CD8 T cell responses in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice by an HIV-1 ubiquitin expression library immunization vaccine.

HIV-1 is a fundamentally difficult target for vaccines due to its high mutation rate and its repertoire of immunoevasive strategies. To address these difficulties, a multivalent, proteasome-targeted, live genetic vaccine was recently developed against HIV-1 using the expression library immunization approach. In this HIV-1 vaccine all open reading frames of HIV-1 are expressed from 32 plasmids as Ag fragments fused to the ubiquitin protein to increase Ag targeting to the proteasome to enhance CTL responses. In this work we demonstrate the ability of the HIV-1 library vaccine to simultaneously provoke robust HLA-A*0201-restricted T cell responses against all 32 HIV-1 library vaccine Ags after single immunization by gene gun. These CD8 T cell responses included HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL activity, CD8/IFN-gamma T cell responses, and HLA tetramer binding against defined immunodominant epitopes in gag, pol, env, and nef as well as potent CD8/IFN-gamma responses against undefined HLA-A*0201-restricted epitopes in all remaining Ags of the library. CD8 responses mediated by single gag, pol, env, and nef plasmids from the vaccine demonstrated little reduction in specific T cell responses when these plasmids were diluted into the context of the full 32-plasmid library, suggesting that Ag dominance or immune interference is not an overt problem to limit the efficacy of this complex vaccine. Therefore, this work demonstrates the ability of the HIV-1 library vaccine to generate robust multivalent genome-wide T cell responses as one approach to control the highly mutable and immunoevasive HIV-1 virus.     

HIV-1结构蛋白gag-gp120与白细胞介素2联合基因免疫

在真核表达载体pVAX1中的CMV启动子下游插入IL-2基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAXIL2。将它与表达I型人免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus1,HIV-1)gag-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,以ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中抗HIV-1抗体水平,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠在免疫2周后已有抗体产生,6周后进入高峰。乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性显著高于pVAXGE单独免疫组(P<0.05)和载体质粒pVAX1对照组(P<0.01)。以上结果表明:HIV-1核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE与真核表达质粒pVAXIL2联合免疫可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且免疫应答水平高于pVAXGE单独免疫组,IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用,增强了核酸疫苗的免疫原性。