山东首次发现晚始新世哺乳动物化石地点

本文报道了鲁西曲阜董庄、泗水拓沟间黄庄一带发现的哺乳动物化石.描述了含哺乳动物化石的地层,建立了黄庄组.依据所产化石对黄庄组的时代进行了讨论,认为是晚始新世.     

河南潭头、卢氏和灵宝盆地上白垩统一下第三系的划分

在这篇短文中,根据脊椎动物化石的发现,进一步叙述和讨论了豫西潭头、灵宝和卢氏三个盆地的中、新生代地层的划分问题。在这三个盆地的中、新生代堆积物中,属于晚白垩世的有潭头盆地秋扒组和灵宝盆地的南朝组,后一个盆地还可能存在着时代更早的白垩纪地层。在潭头盆地的高峪沟组和大章组中分别找到中古新世的阶齿兽、中兽科和晚古新世的牧兽科、假古猬科化石;在潭头组中发现原恐角兽类和古脊齿兽类化石,时代为早始新世。在灵宝盆地的项城群中尚未找到哺乳类化石,可能包括古新世和始新世早中期的堆积。卢氏盆地的卢氏组和锄钩峪组以及灵宝盆地的川口组和浑水河组的时代为晚始新世。卢氏组下部和川口组或许可延至中始新世。     

内蒙古二连浩特呼尔井组的大哺乳动物化石

记述了近年来采自二连浩特附近呼尔井组中的大哺乳动物化石:Hyaenodon sp.,Metatitan sp.,Aprotodon lanzhouensis,Symphysorrhachis?sp.,Cadurcodon houldjinensis sp.nov.和Entelodon gobiensis。新种Cadurcodon houldjinensis的主要特征是:个体大,齿冠高,上前臼齿外壁无明显的肋;上臼齿前附尖和前尖肋窄而紧靠;下臼齿外中沟弱;内齿带高,封闭内谷;具外齿带;m1下三角座稍短于下跟座Matthew和Granger(1923)所记述之Cadurcotherium sp.和Cadurcotherium?sp.标本被分别归入Cadurcodon houldjinensis和C.ardynensis。对呼尔井组迄今所发现的哺乳动物化石的分析表明,该组的时代应为晚始新世。     

内蒙古晚始新世的仓鼠化石

描述了产自内蒙古晚始新世地层中的3属5种仓鼠化石(Pappocricetodon antiquus,Pap- pocricetodon sp.,Pappocricetodon?sp.,Eocricetodon borealis sp.nov.和Oxynocricetodon erenensis sp.nov.),建立了Eocricetodon和Oxynocricetodon两个新属。Eocricetodon属的特点是:齿尖较钝,横脊较细;M1前叶中等大小,前边尖单一,原尖前臂伸达前边尖,原脊与原尖后臂连,后脊与次尖连;m1三角座特别短而窄等。Eocricetodon borealis的特点是:M1前叶相对更细窄,具明显的原小尖。m1下原尖和下后尖位置彼此相对,m1和m2的下次脊与下次尖连等。Oxynocricetodon属的主要特征为:颊齿具相对较细锐的主尖和较细长的横脊;上臼齿原脊和后脊均为前连;M1前叶较大;前边尖孤立;原尖前臂不伸达前边尖等。Oxynocricetodon erenensis的特征主要是:M1前边尖为较大的新月形;无中脊和中附尖;M1和M2无原尖后臂;M3较少退化等。对早期仓鼠的演化趋势作了归纳和补充。讨论了产仓鼠化石地点的地层的时代,认为额尔登敖包的乌兰戈楚组的"下白层"的时代较二连浩特的呼尔井组的稍早,为晚始新世的较早期,而呼尔井组的时代为晚始新世的较晚期。     

垣曲盆地始新世哺乳动物研究的新进展

简介了近几年来在垣曲盆地开展的地层古生物工作。在河南渑池任村和山西垣曲河堤、寨里等原有的化石点上通过筛洗和发掘,不仅找到了大量的以啮齿类为主的小哺乳动物,而且还发现了曙猿等珍贵的灵长类标本。新发现的火石坡化石点所产哺乳动物化石带明显的原始色彩,预示着垣曲盆地有可能存在中始新世伊尔丁曼哈期地层。按层位列出了迄今为止最为全面的垣曲盆地始新世哺乳动物名单。     

Facies,paleoenvironment, carbonate platform and facies changes across Paleocene Eocene of the Taleh Zang Formation in the Zagros Basin,SW-Iran

The Paleocene–Eocene Taleh Zang Formation of the Zagros Basin is a sequence of shallow-water carbonates. We have studied carbonate platform, sedimentary environments and its changes based on the facies analysis with particular emphasis on the biogenic assemblages of the Late Paleocene Sarkan and Early Eocene Maleh kuh sections. In the Late Paleocene, nine microfacies types were distinguished, dominated by algal taxa and corals at the lower part and larger foraminifera at the upper part. The Lower Eocene section is characterised by 10 microfacies types, which are dominated by diverse larger foraminifera such as alveolinids, orbitolitids and nummulitids. The Taleh Zang Formation at the Sarkan and Maleh kuh sections represents sedimentation on a carbonate ramp.

The deepening trends show a gradual increase in perforate foraminifera, the deepest environment is marked by the maximum occurrence of perforate foraminifers (Nummulites), while the shallowing trends are composed mainly of imperforate foraminifera and also characterised by lack of fossils in tidal flat facies.

Based on the facies changes and platform evolution, three stages are assumed in platform development: I; algal and coralgal colonies (coralgal platform), II; coralgal reefs giving way to larger foraminifera, III; dominance of diverse and newly developing larger foraminifera lineages in oligotrophic conditions.     

山东平邑盆地晚白垩世介形类

山东平邑盆地固城组、卞桥组共发现介形类化石21属21种4比较种13未定种,本文记述了其中的17属16种4比较种9未定种。卞桥组一段下部的介形类可称为Talicypridea reticulata-Mongolocypris longa-Frambocythere fangjiaheensis介形类动物群,含化石地层的时代被确认为晚白垩世最晚期,即马斯特里赫特期的晚期。该动物群的发现,为平邑盆地白垩系/古近系界线的确定提供了十分重要的依据。     

山东蒙阴盆地常路组二段(古新世——早始新世)介形类化石

本文记述了2011年采自山东蒙阴盆地常路组二段的介形类化石共计6属10种4未定种,可建立一个Metacypris-Paracandona-Cyclocypris-Candona-Candoniella组合。根据介形类化石与国内已知化石组合对比研究,常路组二段的时代大致为古新世——早始新世。     

New Myanmar middle Eocene anthropoids. An Asian origin for catarrhines?

In April 1997, several new lower jaw fragments of the primates Amphipithecus and Pondaungia were discovered in the Eocene Pondaung Formation in Central Myanmar by the Pondaung Fossil Expedition headed by the Office of Strategic Studies. These new fossils, when compared together and to Siamopithecus from the Late Eocene of Peninsular Thailand, show additional characters that testify to their anthropoid status, to their common origin and to their resemblance to some African relatives. In this paper we describe the new data displayed by these new Myanmar fossils, we identify the characters that unite these Southeast Asian primates as anthropoids and we examine the relationships of this Southeast Asian group with its African counterparts.     

内蒙古二连浩特呼尔井组的某些啮齿类化石

描述了产自二连浩特呼尔井组的啮齿类化石:Allosminthus cf.A.diconjugatus,A.majusculus,A.ernos,Prosciurus pristinus sp.nov.和Marmotini gen.et sp.indet.。Prosciurus pristinus的特征是P4的前附尖较弱小,p4无下中附尖和下中尖,以及下次脊较低弱等。认为Banyuesminthus是Allosminthus的后出同物异名。上述啮齿类的发现也证明呼尔井组的时代为晚始新世。     

On the Discovery of Palaeogene Flora from the Western Sichuan Plateau and Its Significance in Phytogeography

This paper deals with some plant fossils collected from the Late Eocene Relu Formation of Litang County, Western Sichuan Plateau, by the Scientific Expedition of Academia Sinica in 1982. The fossil-bearinp bed is mainly composed of sandstones, conglomerates and siltstones. From the Relu Formation Eucalyptus reluensis sp. nov., Hemiptelea paradavidii sp. nov., Pistacia sp., Banksia puryearensis Berry, Palibinia pinnatifida (Reid et Chandler) Tao, Myrica sp., Comptonia sp., Albizzia sp., Alstonia? sp., Viburnum sp., and Phyllites spp. were obtained. This indicates that during the Late Eocene the flora of Litang of Western Sichuan, were subtropical in nature mainly composed of Eucalyptus and some evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved trees. The climate was hot and dry. Judging from specimens the fossil locality Litang has uplifted about 2500–3000 m in elevation since Late Eocene. At present Eucalyptus is widespread in Australia. So far no remains of Eucalyptus early than Oligocene have been discovered from southern hemisphere the appearance of this genus from Eocene of Xizang and western Sichuan indicates that Eucalyptus might have originated from northern hemisphere and then migrated via Malaysia to Australia to form a new distribution centre in Australia.     

哈萨克斯坦斋桑盆地新生代轮藻植物组合

斋桑盆地自晚白垩世以来即为淡水湖泊环境,其始新世至中新世湖相及湖边缘相沉积物产有丰富的轮藻化石。文中建立三个轮藻化石组合：(1)Harrisichara mitella—Peckisphaera zajsanica组合(中始新世早期);(2)Lychnothamnus formosus—Peckichara组合(中始新世晚期--渐新世早期);(3)Gyrogona aralica—sphaerochara clearus组合(中--晚渐新世)。斋桑盆地轮藻化石出现的最高层位为下中新统且化石稀少,推测系盆地环境日益干旱所致。     

British mammals in the Tertiary period

British Tertiary mammals are best represented in the Eocene and earliest Oligocene epochs. Additional occurrences are from the Miocene and Late Pliocene. The Eocene is marked by the occurrence of various extinct orders as well as the appearances of some of the earliest and must primitive artiodactyls and perissodactyls. The appearances in the Early Eocene and Early Oligocene represent major dispersal events, reflecting penecontemporaneous palaeogeographic changes. In the intervening timespan Britain was part of an European island, sharing its endemic terrestrial fauna. From the late Middle Eocene to earliest Oligocene, the British record is detailed enough to trace successive changes in the patterns of diversity and faunal turnover, which may relate to changing climate as well as to the dispersal events. It has been shown that changes in patterns of ecological diversity through the Eocene and earliest Oligocene match vegetational changes judged from plant fossils. They suggest a gradual transition from closed forest in the Early Eocene to a more open environment with reedmarsh and wooded patches by the end of the epoch.     

山东青东凹陷西部古近纪孢粉组合特征及意义

通过对山东青东凹陷西部古近纪地层孢粉研究,共建立4个孢粉组合:Ⅰ.Ephedripites-Inaperturopollenites-Ulmipollenites minor,Ⅱ.Pinaceae-Ulmoideipites tricostatus-Taxodiaceaepollenites,Ⅲ.QuercoiditeshenriciTaxodiaceaepollenites hiatus,Ⅳ.Alnipollenites-Juglanspollenites-Polypodiaceaes porites。根据与渤海湾地区的孢粉资料对比,确定4个组合的时代分别为早始新世晚期—中始新世早期、中始新世早—中期、中始新世中—晚期、中始新世晚期—晚始新世。该区古近纪植被类型由落叶、阔叶和灌木混交林逐步转变为落叶、常绿阔叶和针叶混交林,古气候经历了干热的亚热带气候到湿热的亚热带气候再到亚热带型温暖气候的变化。沙四段上部到沙三段下部沉积时期是研究区烃源岩最为发育时期。     

Puycelci, nouveau site à vertébrés de la série molassique d’Aquitaine. Densité et continuité biochronologique dans la zone Quercy et bassins périphériques au Paléogène

After the previous lacking evidence allowed the interpretation of a non-deposition episod, the newly recorded mammal fauna from Puycelci (Tarn, SW France, close South to the Quercy paleokarstic area) now shows the MP 26 standard level (Late Oligocene, Early Chattian) being represented within the Eastern Aquitaine molassic basin filling. According to the evolutionary stage of known mammal lineages, the most significant Puycelci fossils are the Issiodoromys pauffiensis rodent and the Metriotherium cf. sarelense nov. sp. (described in this paper) artiodactyl ungulate. This new dating exemplifies the improvement of the mammalian biochronologic record as regards both the Quercy paleokarst and the surrounding lacustrine Tertiary basins W, S, and S-E to the Quercy, as well as, directly E and N-E, the smaller tectonic Tertiary basins within the crystalline Massif Central basement. The updated record shows the strong extension in time of the paleokarstic data, down to the Middle and Early Eocene, and up to the Early Miocene. Regarding the classically reported Late Eocene to Late Oligocene span, as well in the paleokarst and the peripheral basins, the available biochronological data now attains a valuable density level, the variation of which is significant. On one side there are periods (Late Eocene, Early Oligocene, Early Late Oligocene) with high biochronologic density, allowing improved time resolution using evolutionary stages within mammalian lineages (e.g. numerical ages). Such periods corresponds to almost continuous sedimentary processes, with only possible short breaks. On the other side, there are periods with unreported data, shared in the paleokarst and peripheral basins (Late Oligocene as best example). Such periods may well correspond to some non-deposition episods as once alleged by geologists. Then the surrounding biochronologic data would bear constraining value regarding these episods.     

西藏改则盆地晚始新世康托组介形类动物群及地质意义

西藏改则盆地新生代陆相康托组地层发育,记录了青藏高原腹地始新世气候变化和隆升历史。本文通过对改则盆地中南部改则县嘎热村康托组剖面进行系统的采样和室内处理,获得363个介形类个体,共鉴定11属27种(包括1个未定种)。通过研究区介形类动物群的特征分子Heterocypris igneus及与东濮、渤海、华北、江汉等地区介形类动物群对比研究,认为康托组上部的沉积时代应为晚始新世。本文首次报道了改则盆地康托组的介形类动物群面貌,据介形类组合厘定了康托组沉积时代,为研究青藏高原腹地新生代地层提供了基础资料。     

甘肃华池马兰黄土中的哺乳动物化石

<正> 1985年10月,原华池县党校张文忠同志,在校址旁的柔远城子下挖窑洞时,于马兰黄土中发现一批化石,庆阳地区博物馆于同年11月组织了发掘.1986年1月,笔者同往华池,进一步观察了地层.鉴于我国北方马兰黄土中发现的化石很少,在此给予简要报道     

壳斗科的地质历史及其系统学和植物地理学意义

在收集整理现有壳斗科化石资料的基础上,讨论了壳斗科及其各属的起源时间、地史分布和地史 演替过程以及这些化石资料在系统学和植物地理学上的意义。白垩纪尚无壳斗科可靠的大化石记录, 微化石需要进一步研究才能确定亲缘关系以及古新世壳斗科已经分化出两个类群。从以上这些事实推 论壳斗科起源于白垩纪晚期,而壳斗科现代各属出现的时间应不晚于古新世。最早发现的壳斗科化石和现代栗亚科和水青冈亚科在形态结构上非常相似,这一事实表明,壳斗科分为两个亚科的观点更接近客观事实。在水青冈亚科中,三棱栎类的化石最早出现;在栎属中,青冈亚属更接近祖先类群;在地史中全缘栎类较具齿栎类出现早,粗齿的落叶栎类出现最晚。三棱栎属、栲属和石栎属的化石在老第三纪出现于北美和欧洲的事实说明,北美、欧洲和东亚在老第三纪时有一个相通的壳斗科植物区系。南美的三棱栎是通过北美进入南美的。中国横断山、欧洲地中海沿岸和北美西北部有一类形态特征相似、亲缘关系相近的硬叶栎类,它们之间有相同的地质演替历史,它们现代分布边界可能就是古地中海的边界。美洲的栎类有两个来源,常绿硬叶栎类是通过古地中海沿岸而经北美-欧洲陆桥到达的,落叶栎类则是在中新世以后通过白令海峡到达的。     

Fossils of the Fagaceae and their implications in systematics and biogeography

The fossil history of the Fagaceae from China and its systematic and biogeographic implications are discussed based on revisionary studies of the fossil records. No creditable macrofossil record of the Fagaceae exists in the Cretaceous deposits and all the Cretaceous microfossil reports remain equivocal and require further study. The Paleocene fossils show the appearance and diversification of the two groups corresponding to the subfamilies Fagoideae and Castaneoideae sensu Nixon. By the Eocene, all modern genera had been present. The oldest fagaceous fossils represent subfamily Fagoideae with affinities to the extant genus Trigonobalanus. The leaf fossil genus Berryophyllum, with affinities to Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, has been documented by the early Eocene and might have occurred earlier than other fossils assignable to Quercus. The appearance of evergreen sclerophyllous Ouercus with entire leaves might have occurred earlier than those with toothed leaves. Deciduous, urticoid-leaved oak fossils (Quercus subg. Quercus sect. Quercus) had not appeared until the Miocene. Fossil equivalents of Trigonobalanus, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus had occurred in Europe and North America by the early Tertiary, suggesting that continuous distributions were achieved via the northern hemisphere land bridges. Three groups of evergreen sclerophyllous oaks of apparent close phylogenetic relationships occurred in the Hengduan mountains, the Mediterranean area and northwestern North America. Their fossil forms have become dominant elements of those vegetation zones since the Miocene. A shared fossil history indicates a possible biogeographic boundary formed by the ancient Mediterranean. The evidence suggests that the oaks might arrive in North America during two distinct geologic periods: evergreen sclerophyllous entire-leaved oaks appeared by the Early Tertiary, whereas thedeciduous oaks with urticoid leaves appeared in the Late Tertiary.     

Palaeomagnetic ages of late cretaceous and tertiary weathered profiles in the Eromanga Basin,Queensland

Two iron-enriched weathered profiles, both widely distributed in the Eromanga and Surat Basins of Queensland, have been investigated palaeomanetically. Normal and reversed polarities have been obtained from each profile, indicating that the weathering events spanned at least one reversal of the geomagnetic field. The minimum duration of weathering for the older of the two profiles is estimated as 10,000 years. The palaeomagnetic directions when compared with the Late Cretaceous and Cainozoic apparent polar wander curve for Australia give a Maastrichtian to Early Eocene age for one profile and an approximately Late Oligocene age for the other. These ages are consistent with times of high palaeotemperature indicated by oxygen isotope analysis of marine fossils of the Southeast Indian Ocean. The pole position for the younger profile is not significantly different from pole positions obtained in previous palaeomagnetic investigations of weathered rocks in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, supporting the long-held view of a mid-Tertiary continent-wide weathering event in Australia.