大鼠脾切除后自体脾细胞和脾片联合移植体液免疫学研究

目的:通过建立脾细胞移植和脾片联合移植动物模型来观察脾片移植早期体液免疫功能恢复状况.方法:Wistar大鼠48只,随机分为4组,其中A组为对照组,行脾切除术,B组为脾片移植组,C组为脾细胞移植组,D组为睥细胞脾片联合移植组,在建立模型前、及模型成功后1周、4周、8周抽血,检测外周血IgM、IgG、IgA水平并进行比较.结果:A组脾切除后IgM逐渐降低(P＜0.05);B组移植后8周IgM接近正常(P＞0.05);C组移植后IgM到4周逐渐接近正常(P＞0.05);而8周逐渐降低(P＜0.05);D组术后4周和8周接近正常(P＞0.05);在术后1、4周C和D组与A和B组有差异(P＜0.05),在术后8周B和D组与A和C组有差异(P＜0.05).而IgG、IgA在四组术前术后变化不大(P＞0.05).结论:在脾片移植的基础上联合脾细胞移植能弥补脾片移植旱期的部分体液免疫功能.     

PCI术前与术后主动脉内球囊反搏治疗急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者的疗效比较

目的:比较急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前及术后植入主动脉内球囊反搏术(IABP)的效果及其安全性.方法:选择50例2010年1月至2011年6月在南京市第一医院CCU病房应用IABP治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,分为两组,A组为术前组,B组为术后组,各25例,观察并比较两组的即刻病情改善率、住院期间并发症及术后30天心功能、主要心血管事件(MACE)发生率.结果:A组IABP即刻病情改善显著高于B组(36％ vs.12％,P＜0.05).两组住院期间并发症的发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).术后30天,A组LVEF显著低于B组(40.2± 7.7％vs.35.6±5.0％,P＜0.05).MACE事件,A组非致死性心肌梗死、再次PCI/CABG术及死亡发生率低于B组,其中A组死亡率显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(58％vs.32％,P＜0.05).结论:PCI术前植入IABP对于急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者的疗效优于PCI术后植入,且不提高并发症的发生率.     

单次静注凯纷复合硬膜外腔小剂量吗啡用于妇科术后镇痛

目的:观察在妇科术后镇痛中,单次静注凯纷(氟比洛芬酯注射液)复合硬膜外使用小剂量吗啡的协同作用和副作用的发生情况.方法:选择经腹子宫切除术患者150例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄23～59岁,随机分为三组,每组50例,均在术中缝腹膜后给予镇痛药物.A组:硬膜外注入吗啡2.5mg;B组:硬膜外注入吗啡1.5mg;C组:硬膜外注入吗啡1.5mg,同时静脉注射凯纷50mg.记录术后4 h、8 h、16 h、20 h、24 h、28 h、32 h和36 h VAS评分、Prince Henry评分(PHS)、镇痛持续时间和不良反应的发生情况.结果:A、B、C三组病人的镇痛持续时间分别为(21.88±5.50)h、(15.03±5.02)h和(28.98±5.82)h,组间比较存在统计学差异(P＜0.05).VAS评分:B组在8～28 h明显高于A组(P＜0.05),C组明显低于B组,在20～36 h时也明显低于A组,存在统计学差异(P＜0.05).两种镇痛评分的比较结果相一致.B、C两组恶心呕吐和皮肤瘙痒的惠者均少于A组(P＜0.05).但C组与B组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05);出汗畏寒的组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);其他不良反应未见.结论:单次静注凯纷复合硬膜外注入吗啡用于妇科术后镇痛,能增加镇痛强度和延长镇痛持续时间,并可减少术后的不良反应.     

近端胃切除及全胃切除术治疗贲门癌的比较研究

目的:探讨贲门癌手术式选择对术后食管反流情况、临床症状及生存期的影响.方法:选取研究对象269例,其中T(total gastrectomy)组106例采用全胃切除术,P(proximal gastrectomy)组163例采近端胃切除术用,术后半年至一年复诊胃镜观察食管下端、贲门区有无胆汁黄染及食道下段有无粘膜糜烂.总结5年生存率,并对术后并发症的发生率和病死率进行对照分析.结果:胃镜病理检查结果显示:实验组食管胃吻合口的炎症反应比对照组轻(P<0.05),本组患者术后总的5年生存率为40.12%,其中T组为44.7%;P组为37.2%,经统计学处理,两组5生存率差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:相对近端胃切除术全胃切除术的术后生存质量明显有优势,5年生存率也较高.     

管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性对比

目的:对比管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性。方法:2005年1月到2015年2月选择我院收治的100例食管癌患者,根据随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组各50例,所有患者都行食管癌切除术,同时对照组给予全胃代食管手术,治疗组给予管状胃代食管术,对两组患者围手术指标、并发症及生活质量状况进行观察比较。结果:所有患者完成手术,治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后胃肠减压时间及术后闭式引流时间都明显少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组术后3个月反流性食管炎、胃排空障碍、胸胃综合征、吻合口狭窄、吻合口瘘等并发症发生情况明显少于对照组(P0.05),日常生活、一般状况、治疗相关症状、社会影响、情感活动评分都明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:相对于全胃代食管术,管状胃代食管术在治疗食管癌患者中的应用具有更好的安全性与有效性,值得进一步临床研究与推广。     

自制滴水双套管持续负压引流技术应用于全胃切除术后的效果评价(英文)

目的:目前全胃切除术术后患者腹腔引流多数是放置普通单管引流,然而术后预防性放置滴水双套管的价值还存在争议。现对滴水双套管应用于全胃切除术后腹腔引流的效果进行系统评价。方法:选取我院2011年9月-2013年9月开腹全胃切除患者100例为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组术毕放置两根滴水双套管,左右各一根,对照组常规放置普通橡胶引流管两根,比较两组术后退烧药物应用次数,平均每日引流量,腹腔感染发生率,置管时间,术后平均住院时间,严重并发症发生率。结果:对照组50例患者中,有1例出现十二指肠残端瘘合并腹腔出血。1例切口感染,3例腹腔积液。实验组50例中,有1例出现胃食管吻合口瘘并切口感染。术后前7天应用退烧药物(体温超过38.5摄氏度时应用)的平均次数(1.85±1.10)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。平均每日引流量(145.50±15.45)ml,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。平均拔管时间(9.90±2.75)d,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。平均术后住院时间(13.98±2.09)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),吻合口瘘发生率两组无差异。结论:对于全胃切除患者,术后预防性放置滴水双套管,可明显减轻术后腹腔积液产生的体温升高,缩短住院时间,有效防止腹腔感染的发生,虽不能降低严重并发症的发生率,但可以起到及时发现及时处理的作用,避免二次手术。值得在临床上推广。     

胃大部切除术后远期输入袢过长引起内疝(附两例报告)

胃大部切除术后,重建消化道的连续,主要有:胃十二指肠吻合(Billroth Ⅰ式)、胃空肠吻合(Billroth Ⅱ式)、及输入袢空肠与输出袢空肠远端行端侧吻合的Roux-en-Y吻合三种。以Billroth氏Ⅱ术后并发症较多,其中又以输入袢、输出袢梗阻引起内两者最为严重,本文报告由于输入袢过长,在术后远期发生绞窄性内疝分别于1978、1979年在我院处理的两例: 例1:男,47岁,因持续性全腹疼痛伴阵发性加剧两天后入院,入院前一天早餐后劳动中突然上腹持续性疼痛,阵发性加剧,呕吐食物两次,无腹泻,注射阿托品后曾缓解,但入院当天又全腹疼痛。5年前曾因胃     

不同麻醉和镇痛方式对开胸手术患者红细胞糖代谢限速酶的影响研究

目的:探讨心脏开胸手术中采用不同麻醉和镇痛方式对开胸手术患者围手术期磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶(G-P6D)活性的影响.方法:90例拟行开胸食管癌根治术的患者分为A、B、C三组,A组术中静脉全麻复合硬膜外阻滞,术后行硬膜外罗呱卡因混合芬太尼镇痛;B组术中静脉全麻复合硬膜外阻滞,术后静脉芬太尼镇痛;C组术中静脉全麻,术后静脉芬太尼镇痛.分别于麻醉前(T1)、手术60min(T2)、术后60min(T3)、术后24h(T4)和术后48h(T5)测定红细胞PFK、G-6PD活性.记录术后60min、术后24h和术后48h的VAS评分.结果:三组患者T1时红细胞PFK、G-6PD活性无明显差异(P＞0.05),B、C组T4时PFK、G-6PD活性与T1时和A组比较显著降低,相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);A组患者术后T3、T4时VAS评分显著低于B、C组,相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),术后T5时三组VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:对开胸手术患者术中采用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞、术后采用硬膜外镇痛,可减少氧化应激损伤和对机体内平衡的影响.     

金雀异黄素对SGC-7901胃癌细胞超微结构及极光激酶A基因表达的影响

应用原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscope,AFM)技术、Real-time PCR及Western blotting方法,分别检测金雀异黄素(genistein)对SGC-7901胃癌细胞超微结构、Aurora-A基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.AFM扫描显示,经20μg/mLgenistein处理SGC-7901胃癌细胞48 h,细胞的超微结构呈现凋亡形态特征改变;Aurora-A表达分析,5μg/mL组、10μg/mL组和20μg/mL组与对照组比较,其mRNA表达量分别下降(31.6±0.02)%、(38.8±0.04)%和(59.9±0.02)%,其中5μg/mL组与10μg/mL组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05),其余组间比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05);其蛋白表达量分别下降(26.8±0.04)%、(33.0±0.10)%和(48.5±0.09)%,组间比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).由此推断金雀异黄素诱导SGC-7901胃癌细胞凋亡的分子机制可能涉及极光激酶A mRNA及蛋白表达下调.     

胃癌全胃和近端胃切除术后结果的回顾性队列研究

目的:比较腹腔镜下全胃和近端胃切除术后胃癌患者的返流症状、体力状况、并发症和体重的变化,为选择合理提高术后生活质量的胃癌手术方式提供依据。方法:收集2009年1月～2010年10月在西京医院行腹腔镜辅助下全胃切除和近端胃切除的胃癌病例资料,进行回顾性队列研究。对术后生存患者分别采用(gastro-oesophageal reflux disease GerdQ)问卷评价返流症状,采用(Zubrod-ECOG-WHOPerformance Status,ZPSQ)问卷评价体力状况,同时收集术后1年并发症和体重的变化,综合评估患者的生活质量。结果:全胃组317例,生存138例(62.4%),死亡83例(37.6%),失访96例(30.3%);近端胃组113例,生存63例(76.8%),死亡19例(23.2%),失访31例(27.4%);两组患者的性别、年龄无显著差异,全胃组在肿瘤的TNM分期、病理分期、死亡率和死亡原因有显著差于近端胃组,P<0.05。发生返流性食管炎(reflux esophagitis RE),全胃组20例(14.5%),近端胃组26例(41.3%),P<0.01;体力状况ZPSQ≤1分,全胃组118例(85.5%),近端胃组46例(73%),P=0.034;术后伴有并发症,全胃组31例(22.5%),近端胃组38例(60.3%),P<0.01;两组体重变化无统计学差异,P=0.482;结论:位于胃上1/3的早期胃癌,采用腹腔镜辅助下全胃切除术,比近端胃切除术更有利于减少术后并发症和提高患者术后生活质量。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.