阿司匹林哮喘与前列腺素

一些哮喘患者在摄入阿司匹林或其它解热镇痛药后可以诱发哮喘,并被称为阿司匹林哮喘,此类哮喘约占哮喘患者的2.3～20%,其发病机制尚不清。近年来,发现阿司匹林哮喘与阿司匹林等解热镇痛药对前列腺素生物合成的抑制密切相关。本文将扼要介绍这一新进展。     

“克洛曲(复方克痛宁)研究”获云南省科学技术二等奖

由中国科学院昆明动物研究所熊郁良、王婉瑜研究员主持的该项研究工作，在国际上首次发明了一种高效、广谱，具有镇痛、戒毒双重作用的新型不成瘾药物——克洛曲。该药以蛇毒神经毒为主，辅以起效快的曲马多、布洛芬，组成一个全面作用于中枢、外周神经传导突触后Ach及植物神经系统的新复方制剂，在药效学、药理学及正交试验方面证明均优于国内外现有镇痛药。它克服了神经毒(克痛宁)起效慢、曲马多仅作用于中枢镇痛和可能产生耐药性或会成瘾、布洛芬仅作用于植物神经解热镇痛的缺点，将三条作用途径组成“克洛曲”，充分发挥了各药品的特点，形成起效快、镇痛时间长、高效、广谱、毒性低的新型镇痛药物；该药还具有戒毒作用，且不成瘾，对患者免疫功能及性功能恢复都有显著效果。该工作为毒素研究和应用开创了一条新途径，有关论文在国际会议多次报道并全文刊登，受到好评。 克洛曲作为镇痛药物已经卫生部新药办公室及医药管理局批准并获生产批文，列入部颁试验标准。2000年已在全国上市，并在云南省及全国部分地区作为戒毒辅助用药推广应用。目前正在进一步补充完善材料，拟报批为戒毒特药。该工作1998年经中国科学院组织专家鉴定，达国际先进水平；2000年获云南省科学技术(科学技术进步类)二等奖。     

阿司匹林有助于植物抗病害

阿司匹林,学名乙酰水杨酸,是一种常用的解热镇痛药,最早应用于1898年。随着科学研究的深入,人们不断发现阿司匹林还有其他多种用途,有关的报道也不断见诸报端。国外最近的一项研究结果表明,阿司匹林的活性成分水杨基酸具有防御植物病害的作用,并有助于植物的生长。研究人员发现,把阿司匹林放入盛水的花瓶中,可以较长时间地保持插花的新鲜。经过化验分析后得     

延胡索的药理研究 Ⅱ.延胡索素乙和丑的耐药性

镇痛药物的耐药性和交叉耐药性的研究不但具有实际意义,并有理论的价值,它历来为药理学家和临床学家们所注意的问题。几种常用的镇痛药如吗啡、利多尔(lydolum或 demerol)、非那酮(phenadonum)等的耐药性曾被详细的研究并为 Isbell 等人加以总述。新近发现的普罗梅多尔(promedolum)的耐药性也有了报告,到目前为止在文献中仍未发现一种无耐药性的理想镇痛药。因此,研究不产生耐药性的镇痛药确是目前药物研究中的主要任务之一。     

微生态调节剂──中药903口服液药理作用的初步研究

９０３口服液是由中药组成的复方制剂。经药效学实验表明,该制剂具有较好的扶植正常微生物群,调整微生态平衡,生物拮抗的作用。为了进一步考察该制剂对其它系统的影响,我们用中药９０３口服液对小鼠神经系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、急性毒性试险做了研究。结果表明,中药９０３口服液对其均无显著性影响,且ＬＤ５０为１３７．３±５．８ｇ／ｋｇ,说明该制剂无毒无副作用,是一安全有效的生态调整制剂。     

一种来源于蜘蛛毒液的新型Nav1.7多肽抑制剂的发现与鉴定

Nav1.7特异性地表达在外周伤害性感觉神经元。临床遗传学、动物模型和药理学研究表明，Nav1.7是一个重要的镇痛药物开发靶点。本研究以沟纹硬皮地蛛（Calommata signata Karsch）毒液为研究对象，通过电刺激采集毒液、反相高效液相色谱分离纯化、质谱鉴定、蛋白质测序以及全细胞膜片钳记录等方法，筛选并鉴定到一种对Nav1.7有抑制作用的新型多肽毒素，命名为APTX-1。质谱鉴定该多肽毒素的分子质量为7 815.2 Da；其N端前10位氨基酸序列为ASCKQVGEEC。APTX-1抑制Nav1.7电流具有浓度依赖性，其半数抑制浓度为（0.46±0.08）μmol/L。通道动力学分析显示，APTX-1并不影响Nav1.7的翻转电位、电压依赖性稳态激活曲线和失活曲线，表明该多肽毒素并不影响Nav1.7的离子选择性和电压依赖性。综上所述，本研究获得了一个新型Nav1.7调制剂，并探究了其对Nav1.7的作用特点，为靶向Nav1.7的镇痛药物研发提供了潜在先导分子。     

香科科属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

近年来学术界对香科科属植物的化学成分和生理活性给予了很大关注。从该属植物中分离得封有萜类、黄酮类、苯丙素类化合物,生物活性测试表明该属植物具有抗氧化、抗菌消炎、解热镇痛、利胆利尿、降糖降压等活性,对昆虫具有拒食作用。本文综述了2000年来香科科属20余种植物成分及生物活性研究进展,为该属植物的研究与利用提供理论依据。     

长柄鼠李的化学成分研究

长柄鼠李(Rhamnus longipes Merr.et Chun)是鼠李科鼠李属植物,是一种广布于华南山地疏林中的灌木。民间以根皮或全株入药,有解热、泻下,治瘰疬的功效。该属植物在国内外曾有其化学成分研究的报道,本文对长柄鼠李的化学成分的研究的报道还属首次。作者从长柄鼠李中分离得到6种蒽醌类成分,为大黄素(emodin)、大     

乳酸菌制剂的研究与应用前景

乳酸菌制剂是一种微生态制剂,具有无毒副作用及应用广泛的特点。简要介绍了乳酸菌制剂的种类、作用机制、研究前景、存在问题等,为乳酸菌制剂的研究提供参考。     

响应面法优选知母须根总黄酮提取工艺及其解热作用研究北大核心CSCD

为了研究知母须根总黄酮(TF)最佳超声提取工艺及其解热作用。在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法研究乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数、料液比等四个因素对总黄酮提取量的影响,根据拟合的数学模型确定最佳提取工艺。以干酵母致热大鼠为动物模型,通过测定大鼠血清中TNF-α、PGE-2、IL-6、AVP的含量研究其解热作用。知母须根总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为70%,提取时间40 min,液料比为50 m L/g,提取次数2次。解热实验表明知母须根总黄酮提取物可显著降低发热大鼠模型体温及血清、下丘脑中TNF-α、PGE-2、IL-6的含量,升高发热大鼠模型血清及下丘脑中AVP的含量。本研究表明知母须根总黄酮具有一定的解热作用,本文可为知母须根开发利用提供参考依据。     

退热1号口服液抗4种病毒的实验研究

采用病变抑制法和血凝试验在鸡胚和2种细胞培养上测定了中成药退热1号口服液对4种病毒的抑制作用。试验结果表明,退热1号口服液在浓度为1:2(原液浓度为每100毫升含生药量245克)以下时,对鸡胚和细胞无毒性作用。浓度在1:4—1:32时,对流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和巨细胞病毒有较强的抑制作用,但对腺病毒无抑制作用。     

Gap felling as a forest harvesting method in boreal forests: responses of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

In order to study the ecological effects of logging combined with mechanical soil preparation, we sampled carabid beetles with pitfall trapping in nine spruce-dominated stands in central Finland in 1995–1998. Three of the stands were left intact as controls. Three 1600-m² openings per stand were logged in the winter 1995–1996 into six stands. In three of these stands, light soil preparation was applied. Logging affected the species assemblages, but soil preparation per se had no clear effects. Open-habitat species increased in abundance in the openings one year after logging, but catches of generalist species in the different treatments did not differ from each other. A forest species, Calathus micropterus , was least abundant in the prepared openings. The amounts of logging residue, exposed mineral soil and aggregated humus, as well as the abundance of red wood ants, significantly explained variation in carabid assemblages.     

Are Ranvier's nodes of the central nervous system also artifacts by preparation?

Recent research on peripheral nerves of six species of vertebrates concluded that Ranvier's nodes may be artifacts by preparation. As a consequence, the question as to whether or not Ranvier's nodes of the central nervous system may also be artifacts was logically raised. The ultrastructural data concerning our field of research (the cerebellar cortex) support the notion that Ranvier's nodes are real features in the central nervous system; otherwise, the occurrence of vesicular outpockets establishing, along myelinated axons, well conspicuous en passant nodal synapses cannot be explained.     

青海湖地区普氏原羚阿坝革蜱感染状况和防治对策

本文对青海湖地区6只死亡普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)携带的蜱虫进行了鉴别和统计,发现普氏原羚均染有阿坝革蜱(Dermacentor abaensis),平均感染数量为14只,主要寄生于头、颈部和背腰部。根据普氏原羚的带虫和周边畜牧业状况,提出预防和减少普氏原羚寄生蜱虫的建议。     

Realizing the Potential of Rapid-Cycling Brassica as a Model System for Use in Plant Biology Research

Rapid-cycling Brassica populations were initially developed as a model for probing the genetic basis of plant disease. Paul Williams and co-workers selected accessions of the six main species for short time to flower and rapid seed maturation. Over multiple generations of breeding and selection, rapid-cycling populations of each of the six species were developed. Because of their close relationship with economically important Brassica species, rapid-cycling Brassica populations, especially those of B. rapa (RCBr) and B. oleracea, have seen wide application in plant and crop physiology investigations. Adding to the popularity of these small, short-lived plants for research applications is their extensive use in K-12 education and outreach.     

Polymorphism of nuclear DNA in selected species of Taraxacum sect. Palustria

This paper presents the results of research on nuclear DNA polymorphism in six apomictic species of marsh dandelions (Taraxacum sect. Palustria): Taraxacum bavaricum, T. belorussicum, T. brandenburgicum, T. paucilobum, T. subdolum and T. vindobonense. The studies demonstrated the existence of clear genetic differences between species and the existence of nuclear DNA polymorphism within each of the studied species.     

Assisted colonization as a climate change adaptation tool

Assisted colonization is a form of conservation translocation which introduces species at risk from extinction to new habitats, beyond their current range, in anticipation of more suitable conditions. Identifying which species, communities and ecosystems may benefit most from assisted colonization in coming decades is a key goal for conservation. Climate change is expected to lead to the loss or movement of suitable habitat for a range of species and anticipating which can be effectively conserved through assisted colonization is critical. Here, we identify a series of scenarios that may predispose terrestrial species to the need for assisted colonization in order to reduce extinction risk resulting from anthropogenic climate change and assemble a list of traits commonly associated with at‐risk species. These traits may help to provide broad‐scale guidance on how to select species to target for assisted colonization as a conservation management response to climate change. We also identify six key themes associated with successful conservation translocations including recipient site selection and preparation, a clear understanding of species biology and ecology, and taking lessons from invasive species research.     

Electrophoretic analysis of genetic linkage in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Eighty megagametophytes from each of 24 Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) were subjected to horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The trees were from crosses among widely separated provenances, and each was polymorphic for 8 to 14 loci. Evidence for linkage among 275 two-locus combinations was tested using chi-square analysis. Data from different trees were pooled to calculate map distances for the species. Nineteen of the twenty-nine loci tested were linked in one of six groups; the groups varied in size from two to seven loci. Similarities in linkage relationships among Scots pine, other pines, and other species within the Pinaceae support karyological research that suggests extensive conservation of the conifer genome.     

Active site aspartate residues are critical for tryptophan tryptophylquinone biogenesis in methylamine dehydrogenase

The biosynthesis of methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) requires formation of six intrasubunit disulfide bonds, incorporation of two oxygens into residue betaTrp57 and covalent cross-linking of betaTrp57 to betaTrp108 to form the protein-derived cofactor tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ). Residues betaAsp76 and betaAsp32 are located in close proximity to the quinone oxygens of TTQ in the enzyme active site. These residues are structurally conserved in quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase, which possesses a cysteine tryptophylquinone cofactor. Relatively conservative betaD76N and betaD32N mutations resulted in very low levels of MADH expression. Analysis of the isolated proteins by mass spectrometry revealed that each mutation affected TTQ biogenesis. betaD76N MADH possessed the six disulfides but had no oxygen incorporated into betaTrp57 and was completely inactive. The betaD32N MADH preparation contained a major species with six disulfides but no oxygen incorporated into betaTrp57 and a minor species with both oxygens incorporated, which was active. The steady-state kinetic parameters for the betaD32N mutant were significantly altered by the mutation and exhibited a 1000-fold increase in the Km value for methylamine. These results have allowed us to more clearly define the sequence of events that lead to TTQ biogenesis and to define novel roles for aspartate residues in the biogenesis of a protein-derived cofactor.