圆瓣姜花根茎挥发油的化学成分

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取圆瓣姜花根茎挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油进行了分析,分离出60个峰,鉴定了其中的51种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的97.32%,其主要化学成分为单萜及倍半萜类化合物。     

石油菜挥发油和超临界流体萃取物化学成分的GC-MS分析

首次利用水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界流体萃取法(SFE)对石油菜地上部位进行提取,分别获得挥发油和SFE萃取物,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)结合计算机数据库检索对这两种提取物的化学成分进行了分析鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法测定了其中各个化学成分的相对含量。从挥发油中共分离出39个色谱峰,鉴定了其中28个化学成分,已鉴定出的成分的相对含量总和占化合物检出总量的91.90%,化合物类型均为萜类。从SFE萃取物中共分离出136个色谱峰,鉴定了其中65个化学成分,已鉴定出的成分的相对含量总和占化合物检出总量的58.17%,化合物类型包括萜类、芳香族类和脂肪族类。挥发油和SFE萃取物均含有α-蒎烯、石竹烯和桉油烯醇,其他成分则存在较大差异。     

滨海前胡不同部位挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取滨海前胡Peucedanum japonicum根、茎叶、花及果实中挥发油,使用GC-MS分析挥发油并鉴定其化学成分,比较不同部位挥发油的化学成分及含量差异。结果显示,从根、茎叶、花和果实挥发油中分别鉴定出58、36、40和45种化学成分, 分别占各部位挥发油总量的95.60%、98.03%、95.82%和95.36%。四个部位共鉴定出79个化学成分, 其中有相同化合物20种,主要成分为α-侧柏烯、α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、β-蒎烯等。     

北细辛超临界萃取物挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用超临界流体萃取法(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏法分别对北细辛根及根茎进行提取分离,分别得5.5%SFE萃取物和2.8%挥发油。应用GC-MS分析,从北细辛SFE萃取物中鉴定出7种化学成分,占萃取物总量的72.70%,其中甲基丁香酚为44.62%;从细辛挥发油中鉴定出19种化学成分,占挥发油总量的88.53%,其中甲基丁香酚为43.02%。两种方法有6种成分完全相同,其中致癌物质黄樟油素SFE法比蒸馏法低2.8倍。北细辛根及根茎超临界萃取物与水蒸汽蒸馏挥发油主要成分相同,但其化学组成存在较大差异,提示药效亦不相同。超临界流体萃取法是剂型改革的有效方法之一。     

小黄皮叶挥发油的化学成分

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小黄皮叶挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油进行了分析,分离出40个峰,鉴定了其中的37种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的99.87%,其主要化学成分为单萜及倍半萜类化合物。     

黄花补血草挥发性化学成分研究

为了研究黄花补血草挥发油的化学成分,本文采用了水蒸气蒸馏法从黄花补血草中提取挥发油,并用GC-MS法采用最佳分析条件对化学成分进行鉴定,用峰面积归一化法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量;通过研究,鉴定出70种化合物,其峰面积相对含量约占挥发油总量82.12%。黄花补血草挥发油的主要组分为2-硝基乙醇(59.63%)、正二十四烷(3.71%)、二苯胺(2.31%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(1.79%)、正二十一烷(1.57%)、丙二醇(1.40%)等。     

丁香挥发油化学成分与抗菌活性研究

利用气相色谱—质谱(GCMS)法结合化学计量学方法对丁香挥发油化学成分进行了分析研究。得益于化学计量学分辨方法,从丁香花蕾与丁香果实中共鉴定了46种化合物。其中从丁香果实挥发油中鉴定了41种化合物,占挥发油总量的94.154%;从丁香花蕾挥发油中鉴定出30种化合物,占其挥发油总量的98.418%。2,3,4trimethoxyacetophenone和2methoxy4[2propenyl]phenolacetate为首次从丁香挥发油中鉴定得到。两种已经确认具有生物活性的化合物丁子香酚和石竹烯在丁香果挥发油分别为22.667%和7.147%,而在丁香花蕾挥发油中含量分别为和57.133%和14.408%,二者在相对含量上差异较大。体外抗菌试验结果表明,这两种挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌十分敏感,对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌敏感。而丁香花蕾挥发油对所有试验菌株都比丁香果挥发油表现出更强的抗菌活性,我们认为这可能是前者丁子香酚和石竹烯含量高的原因。     

桂产罗勒挥发油化学成分的分析

采用GC-MS法建立桂产罗勒挥发油的化学成分分析方法。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取罗勒挥发油,用GC-MS联用技术分离并鉴定其成分,并用面积归一化法测定成分的相对含量。共鉴定出54个化合物,占挥发油总量的90.21%。桂产罗勒挥发油的主要成分是对烯丙基茴香醚、(+)表-双环倍半水芹烯、3,7,11-三甲基-(Z,E)-1,3,6,10-十二碳四烯,与文献报道的其他产地的罗勒油的化学成分存在显著差异。     

GC-MS法测定阳荷花挥发油的成分

为分析阳荷Zingiber striolatum Diels.花挥发油中的成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取阳荷花中的挥发性成分,应用气相色谱-质谱联用法对化学成分进行鉴定,用峰面积归一化法测定各个化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量。检测出59个化学成分,鉴定了其中55个化学成分总提物的95.54%。其中烯烃类占49.08%,醇类化合物占22.39%,醛类化合物占6.07%,酯类占4.72%,氧化物占4.25%,酮类化合物占2.26%,,还含有少量的烷烃占2.19%,苯的衍生物占1.81%。     

买麻藤挥发油成分分析

目的：分析买麻藤（Gnetum montanum Markgr.）中的挥发性成分。方法：采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取买麻藤法提取买麻藤挥发油,用GC-MS进行分离测定。结果：得到83个化合物的峰,鉴定出52个化学成分,占挥发油总量的87.895%。结论：含量最高的化合物为β-桉叶油醇（14484%）,含量大于4%的有6个化合物。     

圆柏叶精油化学成分的研究

从柏科植物的圆柏中检出14个成分,占总量的90.1％。其主要成分为α-罗勒烯,含量59.97％。     

不同产地的千只眼精油化学成分的比较研究

云南省易门、通海和建水产的千只眼(Murraya tetramera Huang)枝叶分别经水蒸汽蒸馏得到精油,以气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用方法进行了定性、定量分析,共鉴定了27个化学成分。从易门产的千只眼精油中分离鉴定了21个化合物,为精油含量的99.69％;从通海产的千只眼精油中分离鉴定了18个化合物,为精油含量的99.44％;从建水产的千只眼精油中鉴定了20个化合物,为精油含量的99.72％。这些成分除石竹烯为倍半萜外,其余化合物都属于单萜或其含氧衍生物。三个产地的千只眼精油中都含主成分柠檬烯和紫苏醛。     

蒲葵叶化学成分研究

为研究传统药用植物蒲葵的化学成分,从蒲葵叶中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为:3,5,7-三羟基-4′甲氧基黄酮醇(Ⅰ)、5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-8-C-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、豆甾醇(Ⅳ)、二十六烷醇(Ⅴ)。该5个已知化合物均为首次从蒲葵叶中分离得到。     

小叶石楠果实中低极性化学成分GC-MS分析

采用溶剂提取法从小叶石楠果实中提取低极性化学成分,并利用气相色谱—质谱仪对果实中的低极性化学成分进行分离和鉴定,同时用面积归一法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果表明:已确认了25种成分,占果实中低极性化学成分的96.04%,其主要成分为亚麻酸甲酯(13.11%)、邻苯二甲酸二辛醇酯(10.13%)、角鲨烯(9.19%)、维生素E(8.67%)、十九烷(8.03%)。所鉴定的化合物多为该种植物中首次发现,为小叶石楠的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Sterols of marine microalgae Pyramimonas cf. cordata (Prasinophyta), Attheya ussurensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) and a spring diatom bloom from Lake Baikal

The free sterol compositions of two marine microalgal species Pyramimonas cf. cordata (Prasinophyta), Attheya ussurensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), and diatom bloom samples from Lake Baikal were determined by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and (for some sterol constituents) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. A variety of sterol profiles were found. The principal sterol in the prasinophyte P. cf. cordata, collected in the Sea of Japan near Vladivostok, was 24(R)-ethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3beta-ol (poriferasterol), but not 24-ethyl-5,24(28)Z-dien-3beta-ol, as reported earlier in the related species Pyramimonas cordata. The principal sterol in the marine diatom A. ussurensis sp. nov. was identified as 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol. The sample of diatom bloom caused by Stephanodiscus meyerii with admixtures of several other diatom species, contained cholesterol and 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol as main sterol constituents.     

Regulation of Root-Associated Methanotrophy by Oxygen Availability in the Rhizosphere of Two Aquatic Macrophytes

The relative importance of oxygen for root-associated methanotrophy was examined by using sediment-free, intact freshwater marsh plants (Pontederia cordata and Sparganium eurycarpum) incubated in split chambers. The root medium contained approximately 100 (mu)M methane. Methane oxidation was calculated from the difference between methane loss from chambers in the presence and absence of 1 mM 1-allyl-2-thiourea, a methanotrophic inhibitor. When the root medium was oxic, methane oxidation accounted for 88 and 63% of the total methane depletion for S. eurycarpum and P. cordata, respectively; the remainder represented diffusional loss to the atmosphere via roots, stems, and leaves. Under suboxic conditions, methane oxidation was not detectable for S. eurycarpum but accounted for 68% of total methane depletion for P. cordata. The introduction of a biological oxygen sink, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulted in complete loss of methane oxidation in S. eurycarpum chambers under oxic conditions, while methane consumption continued (51.6% of total methane depletion) in P. cordata chambers. The differences between plant species were consistent with their relative ability to oxygenate their rhizospheres: during a suboxic incubation, dissolved oxygen decreased by 19% in S. eurycarpum chambers but increased by 232% for P. cordata. An in situ comparison also revealed greater methanotrophic activity for P. cordata than S. eurycarpum.     

掌叶橐吾挥发油化学成分分析

掌叶橐吾[Ligularia przewalskii (Maxim.)Diels]为菊科(Compositae)橐吾属(Ligularia Cass.)植物,多年生草本,高30～130 cm,生于海拔1 100～3 700 m的河滩、山麓、林缘、林下及灌丛,产四川、青海、甘肃、宁夏、陕西、山西和内蒙古[1].橐吾属植物药用种类较多,有止咳化痰、活血化瘀、清热解毒、催吐、利尿、利胆退黄等功效[2],许多种类的根及根茎作为中药"紫菀"使用或作为其代用品.掌叶橐吾的根可用于化痰、止咳、平喘,在青海,甘肃天水和文县,陕西宝鸡、眉县和太白等地为当地所习用[3,4].     

Investigation of the Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of Houttuynia cordata Thunb

cordata Thunb growing in Guangdong province. The chemical constituents of the essential oil from this plant were examined by means of gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric technique combined with systematic separation and thin layer chromatography. As a result of the analyses, ten components were identified: four monoterpenes-α-pinene, camphene, myrcene and d-limonene; two oxygenated monoterpenes-linalool and bornyl acetate; one sesquiterpene-caryophyllene and three aldehydeketone compounds-2-undecanone, decanoyl acetaldehyde and dodecanaldehyde. The results indicate that the composition of the essential oil from Houttuynia cordata growing in China is apparently different from that in Japan.     

Potential allelochemicals from the essential oil of Ruta graveolens

The essential oil of aerial parts of Ruta graveolens was obtained by hydrodistillation with a 0.74% yield on a dry weight basis. Thirty-eight components were identified by GC and GC-MS analyses. 2-Ketones predominated in the essential oil, with undecan-2-one (46.8%) and nonan-2-one (18.8%) as the main constituents. The essential oil and some of its constituents were tested for their allelopathic activity in vitro on radish germination and radicle growth in light and darkness. The essential oil and some of its minor constituents were effective and dose-dependent inhibitors of both the germination and radicle growth; 2-ketones are not active. The possible allelopathic activity of rue essential oil and some its isolated constituents is reported.